السنن الكبرى للبيهقي
Sunan al-Kubra al-Bayhaqi
كتاب الظهار
Book of Zihar
باب: لا يقربها حتى يكفر
He does not approach her until he has made expiation
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قَالَ اللهُ تَبَارَكَ وَتَعَالَى: {مِنْ قَبْلِ أَنْ يَتَمَاسَّا} [المجادلة: 3] قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ رَحِمَهُ اللهُ: فَإِذَا كَانَتِ الْمُمَاسَّةُ قَبْلَ الْكَفَّارَةِ فَذَهَبَ الْوَقْتُ لَمْ تَبْطُلِ الْكَفَّارَةُ وَلَمْ نَزِدْ عَلَيْهِ فِيهَا كَمَا يُقَالُ لَهُ أَدِّ الصَّلَاةَ فِي وَقْتِ كَذَا وَقَبْلَ وَقْتِ كَذَا فَيَذْهَبُ الْوَقْتُ فَيُؤَدِّيهَا لِأَنَّهَا فَرْضٌ عَلَيْهِ، وَلَا يُقَالُ لَهُ زِدْ فِيهَا لِذَهَابِ الْوَقْتِ.
Allah, the Blessed and Exalted, says: "Before they touch one another." [Surah al-Mujadilah: 3]
Imam al-Shafi'i (may Allah have mercy on him) said: "So if intercourse takes place before the expiation and the time (for the expiation) passes, the expiation is not nullified, and we do not add anything to it for him; just as it is said to someone: Perform the prayer at such-and-such a time and before such-and-such a time, then the time passes and he performs it (later), because it is obligatory upon him, and it is not said to him: Add to it because the time has passed."
Imam al-Shafi'i (may Allah have mercy on him) said: "So if intercourse takes place before the expiation and the time (for the expiation) passes, the expiation is not nullified, and we do not add anything to it for him; just as it is said to someone: Perform the prayer at such-and-such a time and before such-and-such a time, then the time passes and he performs it (later), because it is obligatory upon him, and it is not said to him: Add to it because the time has passed."
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْحُسَيْنِ بْنُ الْفَضْلِ الْقَطَّانُ، أنا عَبْدُ اللهِ بْنُ جَعْفَرِ بْنِ دُرُسْتَوَيْهِ، نا يَعْقُوبُ بْنُ سُفْيَانَ، نا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ أَبِي شَيْبَةَ، نا ابْنُ نُمَيْرٍ، نا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَمْرِو بْنِ عَطَاءٍ، عَنْ سُلَيْمَانَ بْنِ يَسَارٍ، عَنْ سَلَمَةَ بْنِ صَخْرٍ الْبَيَاضِيِّ قَالَ: كُنْتُ امْرَأً أَسْتَكْثِرُ مِنَ النِّسَاءِ لَا أَرَى رَجُلًا كَانَ يُصِيبُ مِنْ ذَلِكَ مَا أُصِيبُهُ، فَلَمَّا دَخَلَ رَمَضَانُ ظَاهَرْتُ مِنِ امْرَأَتِي حَتَّى يَنْسَلِخَ رَمَضَانُ فَبَيْنَمَا هِيَ تُحَدِّثُنِي ذَاتَ لَيْلَةٍ فَكُشِفَ لِي مِنْهَا شَيْءٌ فَوَثَبْتُ عَلَيْهَا فَوَاقَعْتُهَا، فَلَمَّا أَصْبَحْتُ غَدَوْتُ عَلَى قَوْمِي فَأَخْبَرْتُهُمْ خَبَرِي فَقُلْتُ لَهُمْ: سَلُوا لِي رَسُولَ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ، فَقَالُوا: مَا كُنَّا لِنَفْعَلَ، إِذًا يَنْزِلُ فِينَا مِنَ اللهِ كِتَابٌ أَوْ يَكُونُ فِينَا مِنْ رَسُولِ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَوْلٌ فَيَبْقَى عَارُهُ عَلَيْنَا وَلَكِنْ سَوْفَ نُسَلِّمُكَ بِجَرِيرَتِكَ فَاذْهَبْ أَنْتَ فَاذْكُرْ شَأْنَكَ لِرَسُولِ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ، فَخَرَجْتُ حَتَّى جِئْتَهُ فَأَخْبَرْتُهُ الْخَبَرَ، فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صلَّى الله عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ: " أَنْتَ بِذَلِكَ؟ " قَالَ: قُلْتُ: أَنَا بِذَلِكَ وَهَذَا أَنَا يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ صَابِرٌ لِحُكْمِ اللهِ عَلَيَّ قَالَ: " فَأَعْتِقْ رَقَبَةً " قَالَ: ⦗٦٣٤⦘ قُلْتُ: وَالَّذِي بَعَثَكَ بِالْحَقِّ مَا أَصْبَحْتُ أَمْلِكُ إِلَّا رَقَبَتِي هَذِهِ، قَالَ: " فَصُمْ شَهْرَيْنِ مُتَتَابِعَيْنِ "، قُلْتُ: يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ وَهَلْ دَخَلَ عَلَيَّ مَا دَخَلَ مِنَ الْبَلَاءِ إِلَّا بِالصَّوْمِ؟ قَالَ: " فَتَصَدَّقْ أَطْعِمْ سِتِّينَ مِسْكِينًا " قَالَ: قُلْتُ: وَالَّذِي بَعَثَكَ بِالْحَقِّ لَقَدْ بِتْنَا لَيْلَتَنَا هَذِهِ مَا لَنَا مِنْ عَشَاءٍ، قَالَ: " فَاذْهَبْ إِلَى صَاحِبِ صَدَقَةِ بَنِي زُرَيْقٍ فَقُلْ لَهُ فَلْيَدْفَعْهَا إِلَيْكَ فَأَطْعِمْ سِتِّينَ مِسْكِينًا وَانْتَفِعْ بِبَقِيَّتِهَا ".
Sayyiduna Salamah bin Sakhr al-Bayadi (may Allah be pleased with him) narrates: I was a man with a very great desire for women; I did not see any man who was afflicted with what I was afflicted with (that is, in desire). When Ramadan began, I made zihar from my wife until Ramadan was over. One night while she was sitting with me talking, the cloth slipped off her body, and I had intercourse with her. In the morning I told my people and said to them: Ask the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) for me. They said: We will not do this, for either the Qur'an will be revealed about us, or the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) will say something that will remain a disgrace for us. But we leave you to your situation; go yourself and explain your condition to the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him). He said: I came to the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) and told him, and he (peace and blessings be upon him) asked: "Are you the one?" I said: O Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him), I am the one, and I submit patiently to Allah's ruling upon me. He (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Free a slave." He said: I said: By Allah who sent you (peace and blessings be upon him) with the truth, I own nothing but this neck of mine. He (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Fast two consecutive months." I said: O Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him), this affliction came upon me only because of fasting. He (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Feed sixty poor people." He said: I said: By Allah who sent you (peace and blessings be upon him) with the truth, last night we had nothing to eat. He (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Go to the one who collects the charity of Banu Zurayq and tell him to give the charity to you; then feed sixty poor people from it and benefit from the rest yourself."
وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ الْحَارِثِ الْفَقِيهُ أنا عَلِيُّ بْنُ عُمَرَ الْحَافِظُ، نا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ بْنِ بُهْلُولٍ، نا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ الْأَشَجُّ، نا عَبْدُ اللهِ بْنُ إِدْرِيسَ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ إِسْحَاقَ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَمْرِو بْنِ عَطَاءٍ، عَنْ سُلَيْمَانَ بْنِ يَسَارٍ، عَنْ سَلَمَةَ بْنِ صَخْرٍ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فِي الْمُظَاهِرِ يُوَاقِعُ قَبْلَ أَنْ يُكَفِّرَ قَالَ: " كَفَّارَةٌ وَاحِدَةٌ ".
Sayyiduna Salamah bin Sakhr (may Allah be pleased with him) narrates from the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him): "If the one who made zihar has intercourse with his wife before paying the expiation, only one expiation is due from him."
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ الْحَافِظُ، نا أَبُو أَحْمَدَ بْنُ بَكْرٍ مُحَمَّدٌ الصَّيْرَفِيُّ بِمَرْوَ نا عَبْدُ الصَّمَدِ بْنُ الْفَضْلِ الْبَلْخِيُّ، نا حَفْصُ بْنُ عُمَرَ الْعَدَنِيُّ، نا الْحَكَمُ بْنُ أَبَانَ، عَنْ عِكْرِمَةَ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُمَا أَنَّ رَجُلًا أَتَى النَّبِيَّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ وَقَدْ ظَاهَرَ مِنِ امْرَأَتِهِ فَوَقَعَ عَلَيْهَا فَقَالَ: يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ إِنِّي ظَاهَرْتُ مِنِ امْرَأَتِي فَوَقَعْتُ عَلَيْهَا مِنْ قَبْلِ أَنْ أُكَفِّرَ قَالَ: " وَمَا حَمَلَكَ عَلَى ذَلِكَ يَرْحَمُكَ اللهُ؟ " قَالَ: رَأَيْتُ خَلْخَالَهَا فِي ضَوْءِ الْقَمَرِ قَالَ: " فَلَا تَقْرَبْهَا حَتَّى تَفْعَلَ مَا أَمَرَ اللهُ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ ".
Ikrimah narrates from Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Abbas (may Allah be pleased with them both) that a man came to the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) who had made zihar from his wife and then had intercourse with her. He said: "O Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him), I made zihar from my wife, but I had intercourse with her before paying the expiation." He (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "May Allah have mercy on you, what led you to this?" He said: "I saw her anklet in the moonlight." He (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Do not go near her until you have fulfilled Allah's command."
وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَلِيٍّ الرُّوذْبَارِيُّ، أنا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ دَاسَةَ، نا أَبُو دَاوُدَ قَالَ: كَتَبَ إِلِيَّ الْحُسَيْنُ بْنُ الْحُرَيْثِ أنا الْفَضْلُ بْنُ مُوسَى، عَنْ مَعْمَرٍ، عَنِ الْحَكَمِ بْنِ أَبَانَ، عَنْ عِكْرِمَةَ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُمَا عَنِ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ بِمَعْنَى هَذَا وَبِمَعْنَاهُ رَوَاهُ سَعِيدُ بْنُ كُلَيْبٍ قَاضِي عَدَنَ عَنِ الْحَكَمِ مَوْصُولًا.
Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Abbas (may Allah be pleased with them both) narrates from the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) a hadith with the same meaning.
Sa'id bin Kulayb, the judge of Aden, also narrated it with this meaning from al-Hakam, with a connected chain (mawsul).
Sa'id bin Kulayb, the judge of Aden, also narrated it with this meaning from al-Hakam, with a connected chain (mawsul).
وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَلِيٍّ الرُّوذْبَارِيُّ، أنا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ دَاسَةَ، نا أَبُو دَاوُدَ، نا إِسْحَاقُ بْنُ إِسْمَاعِيلَ الطَّالْقَانِيُّ، نا سُفْيَانُ، عَنِ الْحَكَمِ بْنِ أَبَانَ، عَنْ عِكْرِمَةَ أَنَّ رَجُلًا ظَاهَرَ مِنِ امْرَأَتِهِ ثُمَّ وَاقَعَهَا قَبْلَ أَنْ يُكَفِّرَ فَأَتَى النَّبِيَّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فَأَخْبَرَهُ قَالَ: " مَا حَمَلَكَ عَلَى مَا صَنَعْتَ؟ " قَالَ: رَأَيْتُ بَيَاضَ سَاقِهَا فِي الْقَمَرِ قَالَ: " فَاعْتَزِلْهَا حَتَّى تُكَفِّرَ عَنْكَ ".
Al-Hakam bin Aban narrates from Ikrimah (may Allah have mercy on him) that a man made zihar from his wife and then had intercourse with her before offering the expiation. Then he came to the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) and told him. He (peace and blessings be upon him) asked: "What prompted you (to do this)?" He said: I saw her white shin on a moonlit night. He (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Keep away from her until you have offered the expiation."
قَالَ: وَنا زِيَادُ بْنُ أَيُّوبَ، نا إِسْمَاعِيلُ، نا الْحَكَمُ بْنُ أَبَانَ، عَنْ عِكْرِمَةَ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ نَحْوَهُ لَمْ يَذْكُرِ السَّاقَ ⦗٦٣٥⦘ وَكَذَلِكَ رَوَاهُ مَعْتَمِرُ بْنُ سُلَيْمَانَ عَنِ الْحَكَمِ مُرْسَلًا وَكَذَلِكَ رُوِيَ عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ عَنْ عِكْرِمَةَ مُرْسَلًا.
Al-Hakam bin Aban narrates from Ikrimah, and Ikrimah from the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him), but he did not mention the shin.
أَخْبَرَنَاه أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ الْحَافِظُ، نا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ نا الْحَسَنُ بْنُ مُكْرَمٍ، نا عَلِيُّ بْنُ عَاصِمٍ، أنا ابْنُ جُرَيْجٍ، عَنْ عِكْرِمَةَ قَالَ: أَتَى رَجُلٌ النَّبِيَّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فَقَالَ: إِنِّي ظَاهَرْتُ مِنِ امْرَأَتِي فَوَقَعْتُ بِهَا قَبْلَ أَنْ أُكَفِّرَ قَالَ: " وَمَا حَمَلَكَ عَلَى ذَلِكَ؟ " قَالَ: أَبْدَى لِيَ الْقَمَرُ خَلْخَالَيْهَا فَوَقَعْتُ بِهَا قَبْلَ أَنْ أُكَفِّرَ قَالَ: " كُفَّ عَنْهَا حَتَّى تُكَفِّرَ ".
Ibn Jurayj (may Allah have mercy on him) narrates from Ikrimah (may Allah have mercy on him) that a man came to the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) and said: I made zihar from my wife and then had intercourse with her before offering the expiation. He (peace and blessings be upon him) asked: "What prompted you?" He said: Her anklets showed on a moonlit night, so I had intercourse with her before offering the expiation. He said: "Refrain from your wife until you have offered the expiation."
وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ الْحَافِظُ، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ الْحَسَنِ الْقَاضِي، وَأَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ إِسْحَاقُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ يُوسُفَ السُّوسِيُّ قَالُوا: نا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ نا جَعْفَرُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ هِشَامٍ الْوَرَّاقُ الْأَحْمَرِيُّ الْكُوفِيُّ، نا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ الصِّينِيُّ، نا عَلِيُّ بْنُ هَاشِمٍ، عَنْ إِسْمَاعِيلَ بْنِ مُسْلِمٍ، عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ دِينَارٍ، عَنْ طَاوُسٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُمَا قَالَ: أَتَى رَجُلٌ النَّبِيَّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فَقَالَ: يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ إِنِّي ظَاهَرْتُ مِنِ امْرَأَتِي فَرَأَيْتُ بَيَاضَ خَلْخَالِهَا فِي الْقَمَرِ فَأَعْجَبَنِي فَوَقَعْتُ عَلَيْهَا قَالَ: " أَوَ مَا قَالَ اللهُ: {مِنْ قَبْلِ أَنْ يَتَمَاسَّا} [المجادلة: ٣]؟ " قَالَ: قَدْ فَعَلْتُ يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ قَالَ: " أَمْسِكْ عَنْهَا حَتَّى تُكَفِّرَ ".
Tawus narrates from Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Abbas (may Allah be pleased with them both) that a man came to the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) and said: "O Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him)! I made zihar from my wife, then on a moonlit night I saw her anklets and she pleased me, so I had intercourse with my wife." He (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Did Allah not say: 'before they touch one another' [Surah al-Mujadilah: 3]?" He said: "O Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him)! I have already done it." He (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Refrain from her until you have offered the expiation."
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْحَسَنِ الرَّفَّاءُ، أنا عُثْمَانُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ بِشْرٍ، نا إِسْمَاعِيلُ الْقَاضِي، نا ابْنُ أَبِي أُوَيْسٍ، نا ابْنُ أَبِي الزِّنَادِ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنِ الْفُقَهَاءِ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْمَدِينَةِ كَانُوا يَقُولُونَ: " مَنْ ظَاهَرَ مِنِ امْرَأَتِهِ ثُمَّ طَلَّقَهَا قَبْلَ أَنْ يُكَفِّرَ ثُمَّ تَزَوَّجَهَا بَعْدَ ذَلِكَ لَمْ يَمَسَّهَا حَتَّى يُكَفِّرَ كَفَّارَةَ الظِّهَارِ ".
Ibn Abi al-Zinad (may Allah have mercy on him) narrates from his father (may Allah have mercy on him), and he from the jurists of Madinah, that whoever makes zihar from his wife and then divorces her before offering the expiation, and after that marries her again, should not go near his wife until he has offered the expiation.
