السنن الكبرى للبيهقي
Sunan al-Kubra al-Bayhaqi
كتاب الظهار
Book of Zihar
باب: المظاهر الذي تلزمه الكفارة
The one pronouncing zihar upon whom the expiation becomes binding
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قَالَ اللهُ تَبَارَكَ وَتَعَالَى: {وَالَّذِينَ يُظَاهِرُونَ مِنْكُمْ مِنْ نِسَائِهِمْ ثُمَّ يَعُودُونَ لِمَا قَالُوا فَتَحْرِيرُ رَقَبَةٍ مِنْ قَبْلِ أَنْ يَتَمَاسَّا} الْآيَةَ.
Allah, the Blessed and Exalted, says: "And those among you who make zihar from their wives and then go back on what they said, then [upon them is] the freeing of a slave before they touch one another." (to the end of the verse) [Surah al-Mujadilah: 3]
وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدِ بْنُ أَبِي عَمْرٍو، نا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ أنا الرَّبِيعُ بْنُ سُلَيْمَانَ، أنا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: الَّذِي حَفِظْتُ مِمَّا سَمِعْتُ فِي {يَعُودُونَ لِمَا قَالُوا} [المجادلة: ٣] أَنَّ " الْمُظَاهِرَ حَرَّمَ امْرَأَتَهُ بِالظِّهَارِ فَإِذَا أَتَتْ عَلَيْهِ مُدَّةٌ بَعْدَ الْقَوْلِ بِالظِّهَارِ لَمْ يُحَرِّمْهَا بِالطَّلَاقِ الَّذِي تُحَرَّمُ بِهِ وَلَا بِشَيْءٍ يَكُونُ لَهُ مَخْرَجٌ مِنْ أَنْ تُحَرَّمَ بِهِ فَقَدْ وَجَبَتْ عَلَيْهِ كَفَّارَةُ الظِّهَارِ، كَأَنَّهُمْ يَذْهَبُونَ إِلَى أَنَّهُ إِذَا أَمْسَكَ مَا حَرَّمَ عَلَى نَفْسِهِ أَنَّهُ حَلَالٌ فَقَدْ عَادَ لِمَا قَالَ مُخَالَفَةٌ، فَأَحَلَّ مَا حَرَّمَ " قَالَ: وَلَا أَعْلَمُ لَهُ مَعْنًى أَوْلَى بِهِ مِنْ هَذَا قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ رَحِمَهُ اللهُ: لَا أَعْلَمُ مُخَالِفًا فِي أَنَّ عَلَيْهِ كَفَّارَةَ الظِّهَارِ وَإِنْ لَمْ يَعُدْ بِتَظَاهُرٍ آخَرَ فَلَمْ يَجُزْ أَنْ يُقَالَ مَا لَمْ أَعْلَمْ مُخَالِفًا فِي أَنَّهُ لَيْسَ بِمَعْنَى الْآيَةِ.
Imam al-Shafi'i (may Allah have mercy on him) said: What I have retained of what I heard concerning "then go back on what they said" [Surah al-Mujadilah: 3] is that the one who makes zihar has made his wife unlawful through zihar; so when a period of time passes after his pronouncement of zihar in which he has not made her unlawful through the divorce by which she becomes unlawful, nor through anything that would give him a way out of her being made unlawful by it, then the expiation of zihar has become obligatory upon him. It is as if they hold that when he retains what he had made unlawful upon himself, as being lawful, he has gone back on what he said, contradicting it, and has made lawful what he had made unlawful. He said: I do not know any meaning more fitting for it than this. Imam al-Shafi'i (may Allah have mercy on him) said: I know of no one who disagrees that the expiation of zihar is due from him even if he does not go back with another zihar; so it is not permissible to say something which, as far as I know, no one disagrees is not the meaning of the verse.
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْحُسَيْنِ بْنُ بِشْرَانَ، بِبَغْدَادَ نا أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَمْرٍو الرَّزَّازُ نا يَحْيَى بْنُ جَعْفَرٍ، أنا عَلِيُّ بْنُ عَاصِمٍ، نا دَاوُدُ بْنُ أَبِي هِنْدٍ، حَدَّثَنِي أَبُو الْعَالِيَةِ الرِّيَاحِيُّ قَالَ: كَانَتْ خَوْلَةُ بِنْتُ دُلَيْجٍ تَحْتَ رَجُلٍ مِنَ الْأَنْصَارِ وَكَانَ سَيِّئَ الْخُلُقِ ضَرِيرَ الْبَصَرِ فَقِيرًا وَكَانَتِ الْجَاهِلِيَّةُ إِذَا أَرَادَ الرَّجُلُ أَنْ يُفَارِقَ امْرَأَتَهُ قَالَ لَهَا: أَنْتِ عَلَيَّ كَظَهْرِ أُمِّي، فَنَازَعَتْهُ فِي بَعْضِ الشَّيْءِ فَقَالَ: أَنْتِ عَلَيَّ كَظَهْرِ أُمِّي وَكَانَ لَهُ عَيِّلٌ أَوْ عَيِّلَانِ، فَلَمَّا سَمِعَتْهُ يَقُولُ مَا قَالَ احْتَمَلَتْ صِبْيَانَهَا فَانْطَلَقَتْ تَسْعَى إِلَى رَسُولِ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فَوَافَقَتْهُ عِنْدَ عَائِشَةَ أُمِّ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهَا فِي بَيْتِهَا وَإِذَا عَائِشَةُ تَغْسِلُ شِقَّ رَأْسِ رَسُولِ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فَقَامَتْ عَلَيْهِ ثُمَّ قَالَتْ: يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ إِنَّ زَوْجِي فَقِيرٌ ضَرِيرُ الْبَصَرِ سَيِّئُ الْخُلُقِ وَإِنِّي نَازَعْتُهُ فِي شَيْءٍ فَقَالَ: أَنْتِ عَلَيَّ كَظَهْرِ أُمِّي وَلَمْ يُرِدِ الطَّلَاقَ فَرَفَعَ النَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ رَأْسَهُ فَقَالَ: " مَا أَعْلَمُ إِلَّا قَدْ حُرِّمْتِ عَلَيْهِ " قَالَ: فَاسْتَكَانَتْ وَقَالَتْ: أَشْتَكِي إِلَى اللهِ مَا نَزَلَ بِي وَبِصِبْيَتِي قَالَ: وَتَحَوَّلَتْ عَائِشَةُ تَغْسِلُ شِقَّ رَأْسِهِ الْآخَرَ فَتَحَوَّلَتْ مَعَهَا فَقَالَتْ مِثْلَ ذَلِكَ قَالَتْ: وَلِي مِنْهُ عَيِّلٌ أَوْ عَيِّلَانِ، فَرَفَعَ النَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ رَأْسَهُ إِلَيْهَا فَقَالَ: " مَا أَعْلَمُ إِلَّا قَدْ حُرِّمْتِ عَلَيْهِ "، فَبَكَتْ وَقَالَتْ: أَشْتَكِي إِلَى اللهِ مَا ⦗٦٣٣⦘ نَزَلَ بِي وَبِصِبْيَتِي، وَتَغَيَّرَ وَجْهُ رَسُولِ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فَقَالَتْ عَائِشَةُ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهَا: وَرَاءَكِ فَتَنَحَّتْ وَمَكَثَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ مَا شَاءَ اللهُ ثُمَّ انْقَطَعَ الْوَحْيُ، فَقَالَ: " يَا عَائِشَةُ أَيْنَ الْمَرْأَةُ؟ " قَالَتْ: هَا هِيَ هَذِهِ قَالَ: " ادْعِيهَا " فَدَعَتْهَا فَقَالَ النَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ: " اذْهَبِي فَجِيئِي بِزَوْجِكِ " قَالَ: فَانْطَلَقَتْ تَسْعَى فَلَمْ تَلْبَثْ أَنْ جَاءَتْ بِهِ فَأَدْخَلَتْهُ عَلَى النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فَإِذَا هُوَ كَمَا قَالَتْ ضَرِيرُ الْبَصَرِ، فَقِيرٌ، سَيِّئُ الْخُلُقِ، فَقَالَ النَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ: " أَسْتَعِيذُ بِالسَّمِيعِ الْعَلِيمِ مِنَ الشَّيْطَانِ الرَّجِيمِ بِسْمِ اللهِ الرَّحْمَنِ الرَّحِيمِ {قَدْ سَمِعَ اللهُ قَوْلَ الَّتِي تُجَادِلُكَ فِي زَوْجِهَا وَتَشْتَكِي إِلَى اللهِ} [المجادلة: ١] إِلَى آخِرِ الْآيَةِ، فَقَالَ لَهُ النَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ: " أَتَجِدُ عِتْقَ رَقَبَةٍ؟ " قَالَ: لَا قَالَ: " أَفَتَسْتَطِيعُ صَوْمَ شَهْرَيْنِ مُتَتَابِعَيْنِ؟ " قَالَ لَهُ: وَالَّذِي بَعَثَكَ بِالْحَقِّ إِذَا لَمْ آكُلِ الْمَرَّةَ وَالْمَرَّتَيْنِ وَالثَّلَاثَ يَكَادُ أَنْ يَغْشُوَ بَصَرِي قَالَ: " فَتَسْتَطِيعُ أَنْ تُطْعِمَ سِتِّينَ مِسْكِينًا؟ " قَالَ: لَا إِلَّا أَنْ تُعِينَنِي فِيهَا، قَالَ: فَدَعَا بِهِ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فَكَفَّرَ يَمِينَهُ هَذَا مُرْسَلٌ وَلَكِنْ لَهُ شَوَاهِدُ وَاللهُ أَعْلَمُ.
Abu al-Aliyah al-Riyahi said: Khawlah bint Dulayj was married to a man of the Ansar who was ill-tempered, blind and poor. In the days of ignorance, when a man wanted to separate from his wife, he would say to her: You are to me like the back of my mother. She quarrelled with him over something, and he said: You are to me like the back of my mother. He had a child or two. When she heard him say what he said, she picked up her children and set off hurrying to the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him). She found him with Aishah, the Mother of the Believers (may Allah be pleased with her), in her house, and Aishah was washing one side of the head of the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him). She stood by him and said: O Messenger of Allah, my husband is poor, blind and ill-tempered; I quarrelled with him over something and he said: You are to me like the back of my mother, and he did not intend divorce. The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) raised his head and said: "I do not know anything except that you have become unlawful to him." She humbled herself and said: I complain to Allah of what has befallen me and my children. Aishah moved to wash the other side of his head, and she moved with her and said the same, and she said: I have a child or two by him. The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) raised his head towards her and said: "I do not know anything except that you have become unlawful to him." She wept and said: I complain to Allah of what has befallen me and my children. The face of the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) changed, and Aishah (may Allah be pleased with her) said: Step back! So she moved aside. The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) remained thus as long as Allah willed; then the revelation ended, and he said: "O Aishah, where is the woman?" She said: Here she is. He said: "Call her." So she called her, and the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Go and bring your husband." She set off hurrying and before long brought him and took him in to the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him); he was just as she had said: blind, poor and ill-tempered. The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "I seek refuge with the All-Hearing, the All-Knowing from Satan the accursed. In the name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful: 'Allah has heard the statement of the woman who disputes with you concerning her husband and complains to Allah' [Surah al-Mujadilah: 1]" to the end of the verse. Then the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said to him: "Can you free a slave?" He said: No. He said: "Then can you fast two consecutive months?" He said to him: By the One who sent you with the truth, if I do not eat once, twice or three times, my sight almost fails. He said: "Then can you feed sixty poor people?" He said: No, unless you help me with it. So the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) called for it, and he expiated his oath.
This is mursal, but it has supporting narrations (shawahid), and Allah knows best.
This is mursal, but it has supporting narrations (shawahid), and Allah knows best.
