السنن الكبرى للبيهقي
Sunan al-Kubra al-Bayhaqi
كتاب الصداق
Book of the Dowry
باب: التفويض
Marriage without a stipulated dowry (tafwid)
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قَالَ اللهُ تَعَالَى: {لَا جُنَاحَ عَلَيْكُمْ إِنْ طَلَّقْتُمُ النِّسَاءَ مَا لَمْ تَمَسُّوهُنَّ أَوْ تَفْرِضُوا لَهُنَّ فَرِيضَةً وَمَتِّعُوهُنَّ عَلَى الْمُوسِعِ قَدَرُهُ وَعَلَى الْمُقْتِرِ قَدَرُهُ مَتَاعًا بِالْمَعْرُوفِ حَقًّا عَلَى الْمُحْسِنِينَ} [البقرة: 236].
Allah Almighty says: "There is no sin upon you if you divorce women while you have not touched them nor fixed for them a dowry. But give them provision (in that case): the wealthy according to his means and the one in straitened circumstances according to his means, a provision according to what is customary, an obligation upon the doers of good." [Surah al-Baqarah: 236]
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو زَكَرِيَّا بْنُ أَبِي إِسْحَاقَ، ثنا أَبُو الْحَسَنِ الطَّرَائِفِيُّ، ثنا عُثْمَانُ بْنُ سَعِيدٍ الدَّارِمِيُّ، ثنا عَبْدُ اللهِ بْنُ صَالِحٍ، عَنْ مُعَاوِيَةَ بْنِ صَالِحٍ، عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ أَبِي طَلْحَةَ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُمَا فِي هَذِهِ الْآيَةِ قَالَ: " هُوَ الرَّجُلُ يَتَزَوَّجُ الْمَرْأَةَ وَلَمْ يُسَمِّ لَهَا صَدَاقًا ثُمَّ طَلَّقَهَا مِنْ قَبْلِ أَنْ يَنْكِحَهَا فَأَمَرَ اللهُ تَعَالَى أَنْ يُمَتِّعْهَا عَلَى قَدْرِ يُسْرِهِ وَعُسْرِهِ فَإِنْ كَانَ مُوسِرًا مَتَّعَهَا بِخَادِمٍ أَوْ نَحْوِ ذَلِكَ وَإِنْ كَانَ مُعْسِرًا فَبِثَلَاثَةِ أَثْوَابٍ أَوْ نَحْوِ ذَلِكَ ".
Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Abbas (may Allah be pleased with them both) says regarding this verse: It is about the man who marries without fixing a dowry, then divorces her before consummation. Allah Almighty has commanded that he give her provision (mut'ah) according to his ease or hardship: if he is wealthy, he should give her a servant or something equivalent; and if he is in hardship, then three garments or something equivalent.
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ الْفَارِسِيُّ، أنبأ أَبُو إِسْحَاقَ إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللهِ الْأَصْبَهَانِيُّ ثنا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ سُلَيْمَانَ بْنِ فَارِسٍ، ثنا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْمَاعِيلَ، حَدَّثَنِي أَحْمَدُ، عَنِ ابْنِ وَهْبٍ، أَنَّهُ سَمِعَ أَيُّوبَ بْنَ سَعْدٍ، عَنْ مُوسَى بْنِ عُقْبَةَ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، أَنَّ رَجُلًا أَتَى ابْنَ عُمَرَ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُمَا فَذَكَرَ أَنَّهُ فَارَقَ امْرَأَتَهُ فَقَالَ: " أَعْطِهَا كَذَا وَاكْسُهَا كَذَا فَحَسَبْنَا ذَلِكَ فَإِذَا هُوَ نَحْوٌ مِنْ ثَلَاثِينَ دِرْهَمًا " قُلْتُ لِنَافِعٍ: كَيْفَ كَانَ هَذَا الرَّجُلُ؟ قَالَ: كَانَ مُتَسَدِّدًا وَرُوِّينَا مِنْ وَجْهٍ آخَرَ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ قَالَ: أَدْنَى مَا يَكُونُ مِنَ الْمُتْعَةِ ثَلَاثُونَ دِرْهَمًا.
Nafi' (may Allah have mercy on him) says: A man came to Ibn Umar (may Allah be pleased with them both) and said that he had separated from his wife. Ibn Umar (may Allah be pleased with them both) said: Give her such-and-such an amount and clothe her with such-and-such. We calculated it, and it came to about thirty dirhams. I said to Nafi' (may Allah have mercy on him): What was this man like? He said: He was a man of moderate means.
(b) Through another chain, Nafi' (may Allah have mercy on him) narrates from Ibn Umar (may Allah be pleased with them both): The least provision (mut'ah) is thirty dirhams.
(b) Through another chain, Nafi' (may Allah have mercy on him) narrates from Ibn Umar (may Allah be pleased with them both): The least provision (mut'ah) is thirty dirhams.
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ السُّلَمِيُّ، أنبأ أَبُو الْحَسَنِ الْكَارِزِيُّ، ثنا عَلِيُّ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ، عَنْ أَبِي عُبَيْدٍ، ثنا هُشَيْمٌ، عَنِ ابْنِ إِسْحَاقَ، عَنْ سَعْدِ بْنِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ هُوَ ابْنُ عَوْفٍ" أَنَّهُ طَلَّقَ امْرَأَتَهُ فَمَتَّعَهَا بِجَارِيَةٍ سَوْدَاءَ حَمَّمَهَا إِيَّاهَا" قَالَ: أَبُو عُبَيْدٍ يَعْنِي مَتَّعَهَا بِهَا بَعْدَ الطَّلَاقِ وَكَانَتِ الْعَرَبُ تُسَمِّي الْمُتْعَةَ التَّحْمِيمَ.
Sa'd bin Ibrahim narrates from his father that Sayyiduna Abd al-Rahman bin Awf (may Allah be pleased with him) divorced his wife and gave her a black slave-girl as provision (mut'ah). Abu Ubayd says: That is, giving provision after divorce; the Arabs called it "mut'at al-tahmim".
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْحَسَنِ بْنُ أَبِي الْمَعْرُوفِ الْفَقِيهُ، أنبأ بِشْرُ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ الْإِسْفِرَايِينِيُّ، أنبأ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ الْحُسَيْنِ بْنِ نَصْرٍ الْحَذَّاءُ، ثنا عَلِيُّ بْنُ الْمَدِينِيِّ، ثنا هُشَيْمُ بْنُ بَشِيرٍ، أنبأ مَنْصُورُ بْنُ زَاذَانَ، عَنِ ابْنِ سِيرِينَ، أَنَّ الْحَسَنَ بْنَ عَلِيٍّ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُمَا " طَلَّقَ امْرَأَةً لَهُ فَمَتَّعَهَا بِعَشَرَةِ آلَافِ دِرْهَمٍ قَالَ: فَقَالَتْ مَتَاعٌ قَلِيلٌ لِحَبِيبٍ أُفَارِقُ قَالَ: فَبَلَغَهُ ذَلِكَ فَرَاجَعَهَا ".
Ibn Sirin (may Allah have mercy on him) says that Sayyiduna Hasan bin Ali (may Allah be pleased with them both) divorced his wife and gave her 10,000 dirhams as provision. Ibn Sirin (may Allah have mercy on him) says: The woman said: Compared with the beloved from whom I am being parted, this is very little. When Sayyiduna Hasan bin Ali (may Allah be pleased with them both) came to know of it, he took her back.
وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ الْحَافِظُ، أنبأ أَبُو بَكْرٍ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ بَالَوَيْهِ، ثنا ⦗٣٩٩⦘ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ هُوَ ابْنُ خُزَيْمَةَ ثنا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ كَيْسَانَ، عَنْ مِهْرَانَ بْنِ أَبِي عُمَرَ، عَنْ سُفْيَانَ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللهِ، عَنِ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ سَعْدٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، أَنَّ الْحَسَنَ بْنَ عَلِيٍّ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُمَا " مَتَّعَ امْرَأَةً عِشْرِينَ أَلْفًا وَزِقَّيْنِ مِنْ عَسَلٍ، فَقَالَتِ الْمَرْأَةُ مَتَاعٌ قَلِيلٌ مِنْ حَبِيبٍ مَفَارِقٍ ".
Hasan bin Sa'd narrates from his father that Sayyiduna Hasan bin Ali (may Allah be pleased with them both), after divorcing his wife, gave her twenty thousand and skins of honey as provision. The woman said: Compared with a departing beloved, this wealth is very little.
