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السنن الكبرى للبيهقي
Sunan al-Kubra al-Bayhaqi
كتاب الصداق
Book of the Dowry
باب: التفويض
Chapter: Marriage without a stipulated dowry (tafwid)
Bayhaqi 14405 — Marriage without a stipulated dowry (tafwid)
قَالَ اللهُ تَعَالَى: {لَا جُنَاحَ عَلَيْكُمْ إِنْ طَلَّقْتُمُ النِّسَاءَ مَا لَمْ تَمَسُّوهُنَّ أَوْ تَفْرِضُوا لَهُنَّ فَرِيضَةً وَمَتِّعُوهُنَّ عَلَى الْمُوسِعِ قَدَرُهُ وَعَلَى الْمُقْتِرِ قَدَرُهُ مَتَاعًا بِالْمَعْرُوفِ حَقًّا عَلَى الْمُحْسِنِينَ} [البقرة: 236].
Allah Almighty says: "There is no sin upon you if you divorce women while you have not touched them nor fixed for them a dowry. But give them provision (in that case): the wealthy according to his means and the one in straitened circumstances according to his means, a provision according to what is customary, an obligation upon the doers of good." [Surah al-Baqarah: 236]
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو زَكَرِيَّا بْنُ أَبِي إِسْحَاقَ، ثنا أَبُو الْحَسَنِ الطَّرَائِفِيُّ، ثنا عُثْمَانُ بْنُ سَعِيدٍ الدَّارِمِيُّ، ثنا عَبْدُ اللهِ بْنُ صَالِحٍ، عَنْ مُعَاوِيَةَ بْنِ صَالِحٍ، عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ أَبِي طَلْحَةَ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُمَا فِي هَذِهِ الْآيَةِ قَالَ: " هُوَ الرَّجُلُ يَتَزَوَّجُ الْمَرْأَةَ وَلَمْ يُسَمِّ لَهَا صَدَاقًا ثُمَّ طَلَّقَهَا مِنْ قَبْلِ أَنْ يَنْكِحَهَا فَأَمَرَ اللهُ تَعَالَى أَنْ يُمَتِّعْهَا عَلَى قَدْرِ يُسْرِهِ وَعُسْرِهِ فَإِنْ كَانَ مُوسِرًا مَتَّعَهَا بِخَادِمٍ أَوْ نَحْوِ ذَلِكَ وَإِنْ كَانَ مُعْسِرًا فَبِثَلَاثَةِ أَثْوَابٍ أَوْ نَحْوِ ذَلِكَ ".
Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Abbas (may Allah be pleased with them both) says regarding this verse: It is about the man who marries without fixing a dowry, then divorces her before consummation. Allah Almighty has commanded that he give her provision (mut'ah) according to his ease or hardship: if he is wealthy, he should give her a servant or something equivalent; and if he is in hardship, then three garments or something equivalent.
