السنن الكبرى للبيهقي
Sunan al-Kubra al-Bayhaqi
كتاب النكاح
Book of Marriage
باب: الدليل على أنه صلى الله عليه وسلم لا يقتدى به فيما خص به ويقتدى به فيما سواه
Evidence that the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) is not to be followed in what was particular to him, and is to be followed in everything else
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أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو زَكَرِيَّا بْنُ أَبِي إِسْحَاقَ، وَأَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ الْحَسَنِ قَالَا: ثنا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ، أنبأ الرَّبِيعُ بْنُ سُلَيْمَانَ، أنبأ الشَّافِعِيُّ، أنبأ عَبْدُ الْوَهَّابِ الثَّقَفِيُّ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ يَحْيَى بْنَ سَعِيدٍ، يَقُولُ: حَدَّثَنِي ابْنُ أَبِي مُلَيْكَةَ، أَنَّ عُبَيْدَ بْنَ عُمَيْرٍ اللَّيْثِيَّ، حَدَّثَهُ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ أَمَرَ أَبَا بَكْرٍ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ أَنْ يُصَلِّيَ بِالنَّاسِ فَذَكَرَ الْحَدِيثَ إِلَى أَنْ قَالَ: فَمَكَثَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ مَكَانَهُ وَجَلَسَ إِلَى جَنْبِ الْحِجْرِ يُحَذِّرُ الْفِتَنَ وَقَالَ: " إِنِّي وَاللهِ لَا يُمْسِكُ النَّاسُ عَلَيَّ بِشَيْءٍ إِلَّا أَنِّي " لَا أُحِلُّ إِلَّا مَا أَحَلَّ اللهُ فِي كِتَابِهِ، وَلَا أُحَرِّمُ، إِلَّا مَا حَرَّمَ اللهُ فِي كِتَابِهِ ".
The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) commanded Sayyiduna Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him) to lead the people in prayer; (the narrator) mentioned the long hadith. Then the narrator said: The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) remained in his place and sat beside the Hijr, warning against trials, and he said: "By Allah, people cannot hold me to anything, except that I make lawful only what Allah Most Pure has made lawful in His Book, and I make unlawful only what Allah Most Pure has made unlawful in His Book."
وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدِ بْنُ أَبِي عَمْرٍو، ثنا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ، أنبأ الرَّبِيعُ بْنُ سُلَيْمَانَ، أنبأ الشَّافِعِيُّ، أنبأ ابْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ، بِإِسْنَادِهِ يَعْنِي عَنْ طَاوُسٍ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَالَ: " لَا يُمْسِكَنَّ النَّاسُ عَلَيَّ بِشَيْءٍ وَإِنِّي " لَا أُحِلُّ لَهُمْ، إِلَّا مَا أَحَلَّ اللهُ لَهُمْ، وَلَا أُحَرِّمُ عَلَيْهِمْ، إِلَّا مَا حَرَّمَ اللهُ " قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ رَحِمَهُ اللهُ: هَذَا مُنْقَطِعٌ وَلَوْ ثَبَتَ فَبَيِّنٌ فِيهِ أَنَّهُ عَلَى مَا وَصَفْتُ إِنْ شَاءَ اللهُ تَعَالَى قَالَ: " لَا يُمْسِكَنَّ النَّاسُ عَلَيَّ، وَلَمْ يَقُلْ لَا يُمْسِكُوا عَنِّي بَلْ قَدْ أَمَرَ بِأَنْ يُمْسَكَ عَنْهُ، وَأَمَرَ اللهُ جَلَّ ثَنَاؤُهُ بِذَلِكَ.
It is narrated from Tawus (may Allah have mercy on him) that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Let people not hold me to anything, for I make lawful for them only what Allah has made lawful for them, and I make unlawful for them only what Allah has made unlawful."
Imam al-Shafi'i (may Allah have mercy on him) said: This is munqati' (its chain is broken). And even if it were established, it is clear from it that it is as I have described, if Allah wills: he (peace and blessings be upon him) said, "Let people not hold me to anything," and he did not say, "Let them not hold to what comes from me"; rather he commanded that what comes from him be held to, and Allah, exalted be His praise, commanded that.
Imam al-Shafi'i (may Allah have mercy on him) said: This is munqati' (its chain is broken). And even if it were established, it is clear from it that it is as I have described, if Allah wills: he (peace and blessings be upon him) said, "Let people not hold me to anything," and he did not say, "Let them not hold to what comes from me"; rather he commanded that what comes from him be held to, and Allah, exalted be His praise, commanded that.
قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ، أنبأ ابْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ، عَنْ أَبِي النَّضْرِ، عَنْ عُبَيْدِ اللهِ بْنِ أَبِي رَافِعٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَالَ: " لَا أُلْفِيَنَّ أَحَدَكُمْ مُتَّكِئًا عَلَى أَرِيكَتِهِ يَأْتِيهِ الْأَمْرُ مِمَّا أَمَرْتُ بِهِ أَوْ نَهَيْتُ عَنْهُ، فَيَقُولُ: لَا أَدْرِي مَا وَجَدْنَا فِي كِتَابِ اللهِ اتَّبَعْنَاهُ " قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ رَحِمَهُ اللهُ: فَقَدْ أَمَرَ بِاتِّبَاعِ مَا أَمَرَ بِهِ، وَاجْتِنَابِ مَا نَهَى عَنْهُ، وَفَرَضَ اللهُ ذَلِكَ فِي كِتَابِهِ عَلَى خَلْقِهِ، وَمَا فِي أَيْدِي النَّاسِ مِنْ هَذَا، إِلَّا مَا تُمْسِكُوا بِهِ عَنِ اللهِ، ثُمَّ عَنِ الرَّسُولِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ، ثُمَّ عَنْ دِلَالَتِهِ، وَلَكِنْ قَوْلُهُ: إِنْ كَانَ قَالَهُ لَا يُمْسِكَنَّ النَّاسُ عَلَيَّ بِشَيْءٍ يَدُلُّ عَلَى أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ إِذَا كَانَ بِمَوْضِعِ الْقُدْوَةِ، فَقَدْ كَانَتْ لَهُ خَوَاصُّ أُبِيحَ لَهُ فِيهَا، مَا لَمْ يُبَحْ لِلنَّاسِ، وَحُرِّمَ عَلَيْهِ فِيهَا، مَا لَمْ يُحَرَّمْ عَلَى النَّاسِ، فَقَالَ: لَا يُمْسِكَنَّ النَّاسُ عَلَيَّ بِشَيْءٍ مِنَ الَّذِي لِي، أَوْ عَلَيَّ دُونَهُمْ، فَإِنْ كَانَ مِمَّا عَلَيَّ وَلِي دُونَهُمْ فَلَا يُمْسِكَنَّ بِهِ، وَذَلِكَ مِثْلُ أَنَّ اللهَ جَلَّ ثَنَاؤُهُ أَحَلَّ لَهُ مِنْ عَدَدِ النِّسَاءِ مَا شَاءَ، وَأَنْ يَسْتَنْكِحَ الْمَرْأَةَ إِذَا وَهَبَتْ نَفْسَهَا لَهُ، وَقَالَ اللهُ تَعَالَى: {خَالِصَةً لَكَ مِنْ دُونِ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ} [الأحزاب: ٥٠]، فَلَمْ يَكُنْ لِأَحَدٍ أَنْ يَقُولَ: قَدْ جَمَعَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ بَيْنَ أَكْثَرَ مِنْ أَرْبَعٍ، وَنَكَحَ امْرَأَةً بِغَيْرِ مَهْرٍ، وَأَخَذَ صَفِيًّا مِنَ الْمَغْنَمِ، وَكَانَ لَهُ خُمْسُ الْخُمُسِ، فَلَا يَكُونُ ذَلِكَ لِلْمُؤْمِنِينَ بَعْدَهُ وَلَا لِوُلَاتِهِمْ كَمَا يَكُونُ لَهُ؛ لِأَنَّ اللهَ قَدْ بَيَّنَ فِي كِتَابِهِ وَعَلَى لِسَانِ رَسُولِهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ ⦗١٢١⦘ أَنَّ ذَلِكَ لَهُ دُونَهُمْ، وَفَرَضَ اللهُ أَنْ يُخَيِّرَ أَزْوَاجَهُ فِي الْمُقَامِ مَعَهُ وَالْفِرَاقِ فَلَمْ يَكُنْ لِأَحَدٍ أَنْ يَقُولَ: عَلَيَّ أَنْ أُخَيِّرَ امْرَأَتِي عَلَى مَا فَرَضَ اللهُ عَلَى رَسُولِهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ، وَهَذَا مَعْنَى قَوْلِ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ إِنْ كَانَ قَالَهُ: " لَا يُمْسِكَنَّ عَلَيَّ النَّاسُ بِشَيْءٍ " قَالَ الشَّيْخُ: وَإِنَّمَا تَوَقَّفَ الشَّافِعِيُّ رَحِمَهُ اللهُ فِي صِحَّةِ الْخَبَرِ، فَقَالَ: إِنْ كَانَ قَالَهُ لِأَنَّ الْحَدِيثَ مُرْسَلٌ وَلَيْسَ مَعَهُ مَا يُؤَكِّدُهُ إِلَّا أَنْ كَانَ مَحْمُولًا عَلَى مَا قَالَهُ الشَّافِعِيُّ رَحِمَهُ اللهُ، فَيَكُونُ وَاضِحًا وَلِلْأُصُولِ مُوَافِقًا.
The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "I should certainly not find any of you reclining on his couch when a matter of mine comes to him, something I have commanded or something I have forbidden, and he says: I will only follow what we have found in the Book of Allah."
Imam al-Shafi'i (may Allah have mercy on him) said: So he commanded following what he commanded and avoiding what he forbade, and Allah made that obligatory upon His creation in His Book. What people have of this is only what they hold to from Allah, then from the Messenger (peace and blessings be upon him), then from what his guidance indicates. But his saying, if he said it, "Let people not hold me to anything," indicates that the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him), since he was in the position of the one to be followed, had particular matters in which things were permitted to him that were not permitted to people, and things were forbidden to him that were not forbidden to people. So he said: Let people not hold me to anything of what is for me or upon me to the exclusion of them; if it is among what is upon me and for me to the exclusion of them, let them not hold to it. That is, for example, that Allah, exalted be His praise, made lawful for him whatever number of women he wished, and that he may marry a woman who gives herself to him, and Allah Almighty said: "exclusively for you, not for the (rest of the) believers" [Surah al-Ahzab: 50]. So no one may say: The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) combined more than four (wives), married a woman without a dowry, took a chosen share (safi) from the spoils, and had a fifth of the fifth, so this is for the believers after him, or for their rulers, as it was for him; because Allah has made clear in His Book and on the tongue of His Messenger (peace and blessings be upon him) that this was for him to the exclusion of them. And Allah made it obligatory upon him to give his wives the choice between staying with him and separating, so no one may say: It is obligatory upon me to give my wife a choice, according to what Allah made obligatory upon His Messenger (peace and blessings be upon him). This is the meaning of the saying of the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him), if he said it: "Let people not hold me to anything."
The Shaykh (al-Bayhaqi) said: Al-Shafi'i (may Allah have mercy on him) only hesitated about the authenticity of the report, saying "if he said it", because the hadith is mursal and there is nothing with it to support it; but if it is understood as al-Shafi'i (may Allah have mercy on him) explained, it is clear and in agreement with the principles.
Imam al-Shafi'i (may Allah have mercy on him) said: So he commanded following what he commanded and avoiding what he forbade, and Allah made that obligatory upon His creation in His Book. What people have of this is only what they hold to from Allah, then from the Messenger (peace and blessings be upon him), then from what his guidance indicates. But his saying, if he said it, "Let people not hold me to anything," indicates that the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him), since he was in the position of the one to be followed, had particular matters in which things were permitted to him that were not permitted to people, and things were forbidden to him that were not forbidden to people. So he said: Let people not hold me to anything of what is for me or upon me to the exclusion of them; if it is among what is upon me and for me to the exclusion of them, let them not hold to it. That is, for example, that Allah, exalted be His praise, made lawful for him whatever number of women he wished, and that he may marry a woman who gives herself to him, and Allah Almighty said: "exclusively for you, not for the (rest of the) believers" [Surah al-Ahzab: 50]. So no one may say: The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) combined more than four (wives), married a woman without a dowry, took a chosen share (safi) from the spoils, and had a fifth of the fifth, so this is for the believers after him, or for their rulers, as it was for him; because Allah has made clear in His Book and on the tongue of His Messenger (peace and blessings be upon him) that this was for him to the exclusion of them. And Allah made it obligatory upon him to give his wives the choice between staying with him and separating, so no one may say: It is obligatory upon me to give my wife a choice, according to what Allah made obligatory upon His Messenger (peace and blessings be upon him). This is the meaning of the saying of the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him), if he said it: "Let people not hold me to anything."
The Shaykh (al-Bayhaqi) said: Al-Shafi'i (may Allah have mercy on him) only hesitated about the authenticity of the report, saying "if he said it", because the hadith is mursal and there is nothing with it to support it; but if it is understood as al-Shafi'i (may Allah have mercy on him) explained, it is clear and in agreement with the principles.
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ الْحَافِظُ، أنبأ أَبُو الْحَسَنِ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَبْدُوسٍ، ثنا عُثْمَانُ بْنُ سَعِيدٍ، ثنا عَبْدُ اللهِ بْنُ صَالِحٍ أَنَّ مُعَاوِيَةَ بْنَ صَالِحٍ، أَخْبَرَهُ قَالَ: ثنا الْحَسَنُ بْنُ جَابِرٍ، أَنَّهُ سَمِعَ الْمِقْدَامَ بْنَ مَعْدِي كَرِبَ الْكِنْدِيَّ صَاحِبَ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ يَقُولُ: حَرَّمَ النَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ أَشْيَاءَ يَوْمَ خَيْبَرَ مِنْهَا الْحِمَارُ الْأَهْلِيُّ وَغَيْرُهُ، فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صلَّى الله عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ: " يُوشِكُ أَنْ يَقْعُدَ الرَّجُلُ مِنْكُمْ عَلَى أَرِيكَتِهِ يُحَدِّثُ بِحَدِيثِي، فَيَقُولُ: بَيْنِي وَبَيْنَكُمْ كِتَابُ اللهِ، فَمَا وَجَدْنَا فِيهِ حَلَالًا اسْتَحْلَلْنَاهُ، وَمَا وَجَدْنَا فِيهِ حَرَامًا حَرَّمْنَاهُ، وَإِنَّ مَا حَرَّمَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ كَمَا حَرَّمَ اللهُ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ " وَكَذَلِكَ رَوَاهُ عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ مَهْدِيٍّ عَنْ مُعَاوِيَةَ بْنِ صَالِحٍ.
On the day of Khaybar the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) declared certain things unlawful, among them the domestic donkey and other things. He (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Soon a man will sit on his couch, while my hadith is narrated, and he will say: Between me and you is the Book of Allah (and it is sufficient); whatever we find in the Book of Allah, what it makes lawful we will regard as lawful, and what it calls unlawful we will regard as unlawful. And the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) too has made things unlawful just as Allah Most Pure has made them unlawful."
وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدِ بْنُ أَبِي عَمْرٍو، ثنا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ، أنبأ الرَّبِيعُ، أنبأ الشَّافِعِيُّ، أنبأ عَبْدُ الْعَزِيزِ الدَّرَاوَرْدِيُّ، عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ أَبِي عَمْرٍو، عَنِ الْمُطَّلِبِ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَالَ: " مَا تَرَكْتُ شَيْئًا مِمَّا أَمَرَكُمُ اللهُ بِهِ، إِلَّا وَقَدْ أَمَرْتُكُمْ بِهِ، وَلَا تَرَكْتُ شَيْئًا مِمَّا نَهَاكُمُ اللهُ عَنْهُ، إِلَّا وَقَدْ نَهَيْتُكُمْ عَنْهُ " قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ رَحِمَهُ اللهُ: فَمَا لَمْ يَكُنْ فِيهِ وَحْيٌ فَقَدْ فَرَضَ اللهُ فِي الْوَحْيِ اتِّبَاعَ سُنَّتِهِ فَمَنْ قَبِلَ عَنْهُ فَإِنَّمَا قَبِلَ بِفَرْضِ اللهِ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ وَاللهُ سُبْحَانَهُ وَتَعَالَى أَعْلَمُ.
The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "I have not left anything that Allah commanded you except that I have commanded you with it, and I have not left anything that Allah Almighty forbade you except that I have forbidden it to you."
Imam al-Shafi'i (may Allah have mercy on him) said: So in whatever had no revelation, Allah has made it obligatory in the revelation to follow his Sunnah; so whoever accepts from him accepts only by the obligation laid down by Allah, the Mighty and Majestic. And Allah, Glorified and Exalted, knows best.
Imam al-Shafi'i (may Allah have mercy on him) said: So in whatever had no revelation, Allah has made it obligatory in the revelation to follow his Sunnah; so whoever accepts from him accepts only by the obligation laid down by Allah, the Mighty and Majestic. And Allah, Glorified and Exalted, knows best.
