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السنن الكبرى للبيهقي
Sunan al-Kubra al-Bayhaqi
كتاب النكاح
Book of Marriage
باب: الدليل على أنه صلى الله عليه وسلم لا يقتدى به فيما خص به ويقتدى به فيما سواه
Chapter: Evidence that the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) is not to be followed in what was particular to him, and is to be followed in everything else
Bayhaqi 13441 — Evidence that the Prophet ﷺ is not to be followed
اُردوEn
قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ، أنبأ ابْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ، عَنْ أَبِي النَّضْرِ، عَنْ عُبَيْدِ اللهِ بْنِ أَبِي رَافِعٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَالَ: " لَا أُلْفِيَنَّ أَحَدَكُمْ مُتَّكِئًا عَلَى أَرِيكَتِهِ يَأْتِيهِ الْأَمْرُ مِمَّا أَمَرْتُ بِهِ أَوْ نَهَيْتُ عَنْهُ، فَيَقُولُ: لَا أَدْرِي مَا وَجَدْنَا فِي كِتَابِ اللهِ اتَّبَعْنَاهُ " قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ رَحِمَهُ اللهُ: فَقَدْ أَمَرَ بِاتِّبَاعِ مَا أَمَرَ بِهِ، وَاجْتِنَابِ مَا نَهَى عَنْهُ، وَفَرَضَ اللهُ ذَلِكَ فِي كِتَابِهِ عَلَى خَلْقِهِ، وَمَا فِي أَيْدِي النَّاسِ مِنْ هَذَا، إِلَّا مَا تُمْسِكُوا بِهِ عَنِ اللهِ، ثُمَّ عَنِ الرَّسُولِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ، ثُمَّ عَنْ دِلَالَتِهِ، وَلَكِنْ قَوْلُهُ: إِنْ كَانَ قَالَهُ لَا يُمْسِكَنَّ النَّاسُ عَلَيَّ بِشَيْءٍ يَدُلُّ عَلَى أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ إِذَا كَانَ بِمَوْضِعِ الْقُدْوَةِ، فَقَدْ كَانَتْ لَهُ خَوَاصُّ أُبِيحَ لَهُ فِيهَا، مَا لَمْ يُبَحْ لِلنَّاسِ، وَحُرِّمَ عَلَيْهِ فِيهَا، مَا لَمْ يُحَرَّمْ عَلَى النَّاسِ، فَقَالَ: لَا يُمْسِكَنَّ النَّاسُ عَلَيَّ بِشَيْءٍ مِنَ الَّذِي لِي، أَوْ عَلَيَّ دُونَهُمْ، فَإِنْ كَانَ مِمَّا عَلَيَّ وَلِي دُونَهُمْ فَلَا يُمْسِكَنَّ بِهِ، وَذَلِكَ مِثْلُ أَنَّ اللهَ جَلَّ ثَنَاؤُهُ أَحَلَّ لَهُ مِنْ عَدَدِ النِّسَاءِ مَا شَاءَ، وَأَنْ يَسْتَنْكِحَ الْمَرْأَةَ إِذَا وَهَبَتْ نَفْسَهَا لَهُ، وَقَالَ اللهُ تَعَالَى: {خَالِصَةً لَكَ مِنْ دُونِ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ} [الأحزاب: ٥٠]، فَلَمْ يَكُنْ لِأَحَدٍ أَنْ يَقُولَ: قَدْ جَمَعَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ بَيْنَ أَكْثَرَ مِنْ أَرْبَعٍ، وَنَكَحَ امْرَأَةً بِغَيْرِ مَهْرٍ، وَأَخَذَ صَفِيًّا مِنَ الْمَغْنَمِ، وَكَانَ لَهُ خُمْسُ الْخُمُسِ، فَلَا يَكُونُ ذَلِكَ لِلْمُؤْمِنِينَ بَعْدَهُ وَلَا لِوُلَاتِهِمْ كَمَا يَكُونُ لَهُ؛ لِأَنَّ اللهَ قَدْ بَيَّنَ فِي كِتَابِهِ وَعَلَى لِسَانِ رَسُولِهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ ⦗١٢١⦘ أَنَّ ذَلِكَ لَهُ دُونَهُمْ، وَفَرَضَ اللهُ أَنْ يُخَيِّرَ أَزْوَاجَهُ فِي الْمُقَامِ مَعَهُ وَالْفِرَاقِ فَلَمْ يَكُنْ لِأَحَدٍ أَنْ يَقُولَ: عَلَيَّ أَنْ أُخَيِّرَ امْرَأَتِي عَلَى مَا فَرَضَ اللهُ عَلَى رَسُولِهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ، وَهَذَا مَعْنَى قَوْلِ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ إِنْ كَانَ قَالَهُ: " لَا يُمْسِكَنَّ عَلَيَّ النَّاسُ بِشَيْءٍ " قَالَ الشَّيْخُ: وَإِنَّمَا تَوَقَّفَ الشَّافِعِيُّ رَحِمَهُ اللهُ فِي صِحَّةِ الْخَبَرِ، فَقَالَ: إِنْ كَانَ قَالَهُ لِأَنَّ الْحَدِيثَ مُرْسَلٌ وَلَيْسَ مَعَهُ مَا يُؤَكِّدُهُ إِلَّا أَنْ كَانَ مَحْمُولًا عَلَى مَا قَالَهُ الشَّافِعِيُّ رَحِمَهُ اللهُ، فَيَكُونُ وَاضِحًا وَلِلْأُصُولِ مُوَافِقًا.
The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "I should certainly not find any of you reclining on his couch when a matter of mine comes to him, something I have commanded or something I have forbidden, and he says: I will only follow what we have found in the Book of Allah."
Imam al-Shafi'i (may Allah have mercy on him) said: So he commanded following what he commanded and avoiding what he forbade, and Allah made that obligatory upon His creation in His Book. What people have of this is only what they hold to from Allah, then from the Messenger (peace and blessings be upon him), then from what his guidance indicates. But his saying, if he said it, "Let people not hold me to anything," indicates that the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him), since he was in the position of the one to be followed, had particular matters in which things were permitted to him that were not permitted to people, and things were forbidden to him that were not forbidden to people. So he said: Let people not hold me to anything of what is for me or upon me to the exclusion of them; if it is among what is upon me and for me to the exclusion of them, let them not hold to it. That is, for example, that Allah, exalted be His praise, made lawful for him whatever number of women he wished, and that he may marry a woman who gives herself to him, and Allah Almighty said: "exclusively for you, not for the (rest of the) believers" [Surah al-Ahzab: 50]. So no one may say: The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) combined more than four (wives), married a woman without a dowry, took a chosen share (safi) from the spoils, and had a fifth of the fifth, so this is for the believers after him, or for their rulers, as it was for him; because Allah has made clear in His Book and on the tongue of His Messenger (peace and blessings be upon him) that this was for him to the exclusion of them. And Allah made it obligatory upon him to give his wives the choice between staying with him and separating, so no one may say: It is obligatory upon me to give my wife a choice, according to what Allah made obligatory upon His Messenger (peace and blessings be upon him). This is the meaning of the saying of the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him), if he said it: "Let people not hold me to anything."
The Shaykh (al-Bayhaqi) said: Al-Shafi'i (may Allah have mercy on him) only hesitated about the authenticity of the report, saying "if he said it", because the hadith is mursal and there is nothing with it to support it; but if it is understood as al-Shafi'i (may Allah have mercy on him) explained, it is clear and in agreement with the principles.
Imam al-Shafi'i (may Allah have mercy on him) said: So he commanded following what he commanded and avoiding what he forbade, and Allah made that obligatory upon His creation in His Book. What people have of this is only what they hold to from Allah, then from the Messenger (peace and blessings be upon him), then from what his guidance indicates. But his saying, if he said it, "Let people not hold me to anything," indicates that the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him), since he was in the position of the one to be followed, had particular matters in which things were permitted to him that were not permitted to people, and things were forbidden to him that were not forbidden to people. So he said: Let people not hold me to anything of what is for me or upon me to the exclusion of them; if it is among what is upon me and for me to the exclusion of them, let them not hold to it. That is, for example, that Allah, exalted be His praise, made lawful for him whatever number of women he wished, and that he may marry a woman who gives herself to him, and Allah Almighty said: "exclusively for you, not for the (rest of the) believers" [Surah al-Ahzab: 50]. So no one may say: The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) combined more than four (wives), married a woman without a dowry, took a chosen share (safi) from the spoils, and had a fifth of the fifth, so this is for the believers after him, or for their rulers, as it was for him; because Allah has made clear in His Book and on the tongue of His Messenger (peace and blessings be upon him) that this was for him to the exclusion of them. And Allah made it obligatory upon him to give his wives the choice between staying with him and separating, so no one may say: It is obligatory upon me to give my wife a choice, according to what Allah made obligatory upon His Messenger (peace and blessings be upon him). This is the meaning of the saying of the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him), if he said it: "Let people not hold me to anything."
The Shaykh (al-Bayhaqi) said: Al-Shafi'i (may Allah have mercy on him) only hesitated about the authenticity of the report, saying "if he said it", because the hadith is mursal and there is nothing with it to support it; but if it is understood as al-Shafi'i (may Allah have mercy on him) explained, it is clear and in agreement with the principles.
