السنن الكبرى للبيهقي
Sunan al-Kubra al-Bayhaqi
كتاب النكاح
Book of Marriage
باب: ما أبيح له بتزويج الله وإذا جاز ذلك جاز أن يعقد على امرأة بغير استئمارها
What was permitted to him (peace and blessings be upon him) through Allah giving him in marriage, and if that was permissible then it was permissible for him to marry a woman without consulting her
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أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ الْحَافِظُ، ثنا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ، ثنا السَّرِيُّ بْنُ خُزَيْمَةَ، ثنا مُوسَى بْنُ إِسْمَاعِيلَ، ثنا سُلَيْمَانُ بْنُ الْمُغِيرَةِ، ثنا ثَابِتٌ، عَنْ أَنَسٍ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ قَالَ: لَمَّا انْقَضَتْ عِدَّةُ زَيْنَبَ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهَا قَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ لِزَيْدٍ: " اذْهَبْ إِلَيْهَا فَاذْكُرْهَا عَلَيَّ " قَالَ زَيْدٌ: فَانْطَلَقْتُ، فَلَمَّا رَأَيْتُهَا وَجَدْتُهَا تُخَمِّرُ عَجِينَهَا، فَلَمْ أَسْتَطِعْ أَنْ أَنْظُرَ إِلَيْهَا مِنْ عِظَمِهَا فِي صَدْرِي حِينَ عَرَفْتُ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ يَذْكُرُهَا، فَقُلْتُ: إِنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ ⦗٩١⦘ يَذْكُرُكِ قَالَتْ: مَا أَنَا بِصَانِعَةٍ شَيْئًا حَتَّى أُؤَامِرَ رَبِّي، فَقَامَتْ إِلَى مَسْجِدِهَا وَنَزَلَ الْقُرْآنُ وَجَاءَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ حَتَّى دَخَلَ عَلَيْهَا بِغَيْرِ إِذْنٍ قَالَ أَنَسٌ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ: فَلَقَدْ رَأَيْتُنَا أَطْعَمْنَا عَلَيْهَا الْخُبْزَ وَاللَّحْمَ حَتَّى اشْتَدَّ النَّهَارُ، فَخَرَجَ النَّاسُ وَبَقِيَ رِجَالٌ يَتَحَدَّثُونَ فِي الْبَيْتِ بَعْدَ الطَّعَامِ قَالَ أَنَسٌ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ فَخَرَجَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ، وَاتَّبَعْتُهُ فَجَعَلَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ يَتْبَعُ حُجَرَ نِسَائِهِ وَيُسَلِّمُ عَلَيْهِنَّ فَيَقُلْنَ: يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ كَيْفَ وَجَدْتَ أَهْلَكَ؟ قَالَ: فَمَا أَدْرِي أَنَا أَخْبَرْتُهُ أَنَّ الْقَوْمَ قَدْ خَرَجُوا أَوْ أُخْبِرَ، فَانْطَلَقَ حَتَّى أَتَى الْبَيْتَ فَدَخَلَ، فَذَهَبْتُ أَدْخُلُ مَعَهُ فَأَلْقَى السِّتْرَ بَيْنِي وَبَيْنَهُ وَنَزَلَ الْحِجَابُ وَوَعَظَ الْقَوْمَ بِمَا وُعِظُوا، فَقَالَ: {يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا لَا تَدْخُلُوا بُيُوتَ النَّبِيِّ إِلَّا أَنْ يُؤْذَنَ لَكُمْ} [الأحزاب: ٥٣] حَتَّى بَلَغَ {إِنَّ ذَلِكُمْ كَانَ عِنْدَ اللهِ عَظِيمًا} [الأحزاب: ٥٣] " أَخْرَجَهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ مِنْ وَجْهَيْنِ آخَرَيْنِ عَنْ سُلَيْمَانَ بْنِ الْمُغِيرَةِ.
Sayyiduna Anas (may Allah be pleased with him) said: When the waiting period ('iddah) of Sayyidah Zaynab (may Allah be pleased with her) was completed, the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said to Zayd (may Allah be pleased with him): "Go to her and mention me to her (as a suitor)." Zayd (may Allah be pleased with him) said: I set out, and when I saw her, I found her leavening her dough. I could not bring myself to look at her because of how great she had become in my heart when I knew that the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) had mentioned her. So I said: "The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) has mentioned you." She said: "I will not do anything until I consult my Lord." She stood up and went to her place of prayer, and the Qur'an was revealed, and the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) came and entered upon her without permission. Sayyiduna Anas (may Allah be pleased with him) said: We were fed bread and meat at her (wedding feast) until the day was well advanced. The people left, but some men stayed behind in the house talking after the meal. Sayyiduna Anas (may Allah be pleased with him) said: The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) went out and I followed him. The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) began going round the apartments of his wives and greeting them with salam, and they would say: O Messenger of Allah, how did you find your wife? He said: I do not know whether I told him that the people had left or whether he was told. He went on until he came to the house and entered it. I was about to enter with him, but he let the curtain fall between me and him, and the (command of) hijab was revealed, and the people were admonished with what they were admonished with. (Allah) said: "O you who believe, do not enter the houses of the Prophet unless permission is given to you" [Surah al-Ahzab: 53] until He reached: "Indeed, that would be grave in the sight of Allah" [Surah al-Ahzab: 53].
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو نَصْرٍ عُمَرُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ بْنِ عُمَرَ بْنِ قَتَادَةَ، أنبأ عَبْدُ اللهِ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ سَعْدٍ الْحَافِظُ، ثنا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ الْبُوشَنْجِيُّ، ح وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْحَسَنِ عَلِيُّ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ الْمُقْرِئُ، أنبأ الْحَسَنُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ إِسْحَاقَ، أنبأ يُوسُفُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ الْقَاضِي قَالَا: ثنا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ أَبِي بَكْرٍ الْمُقَدَّمِيُّ، ثنا حَمَّادُ بْنُ زَيْدٍ، عَنْ ثَابِتٍ، عَنْ أَنَسِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ قَالَ: جَاءَ زَيْدُ بْنُ حَارِثَةَ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ يَشْكُو زَيْنَبَ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهَا، فَجَعَلَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ يَقُولُ: " اتَّقِ اللهَ وَأَمْسِكْ عَلَيْكَ زَوْجَكَ " قَالَ أَنَسٌ: فَلَوْ كَانَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ كَاتِمًا شَيْئًا لَكَتَمَ هَذِهِ قَالَ: فَكَانَتْ تَفْتَخِرُ عَلَى أَزْوَاجِ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ تَقُولُ: زَوَّجَكُنَّ أَهَالِيكُنَّ وَزَوَّجَنِيَ اللهُ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ مِنْ فَوْقِ سَبْعِ سَمَاوَاتٍ " رَوَاهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي الصَّحِيحِ عَنْ أَحْمَدَ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ أَبِي بَكْرٍ.
Sayyiduna Anas bin Malik (may Allah be pleased with him) said: Sayyiduna Zayd bin Harithah (may Allah be pleased with him) came to the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) complaining about Sayyidah Zaynab (may Allah be pleased with her), and the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) was saying to him: "'Keep your wife to yourself and fear Allah' [Surah al-Ahzab: 37]: fear Allah and keep her as your wife." Sayyiduna Anas (may Allah be pleased with him) said: If the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) had been one to conceal anything, it would have been this. And Sayyidah Zaynab (may Allah be pleased with her) used to boast over the other wives, saying: "Your families married you off, while Allah married me off from above the seven heavens."
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ الْحَافِظُ، أنبأ أَبُو سَهْلٍ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللهِ بْنِ زِيَادٍ الْقَطَّانُ، ثنا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ زُهَيْرِ بْنِ حَرْبٍ، ثنا أَبُو نُعَيْمٍ، ثنا عِيسَى بْنُ طَهْمَانَ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ أَنَسًا رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ يَقُولُ: كَانَتْ زَيْنَبُ بِنْتُ جَحْشٍ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهَا تَفْتَخِرُ عَلَى أَزْوَاجِ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ تَقُولُ: إِنَّ اللهَ أَنْكَحَنِي مِنَ السَّمَاءِ، وَفِيهَا نَزَلَتْ آيَةُ الْحِجَابِ قَالَ: فَقَعَدَ الْقَوْمُ فِي بَيْتِ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ، ثُمَّ جَاءَ فَخَرَجَ، فَجَاءَ وَالْقَوْمُ كَمَا هُمْ، فَرُئِيَ ذَلِكَ فِي وَجْهِهِ، فَنَزَلَتْ آيَةُ الْحِجَابِ {يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا لَا تَدْخُلُوا بُيُوتَ النَّبِيِّ إِلَّا أَنْ يُؤْذَنَ لَكُمْ} [الأحزاب: ٥٣] رَوَاهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، عَنْ خَلَّادِ بْنِ يَحْيَى، عَنْ عِيسَى بْنِ طَهْمَانَ.
Sayyiduna Anas (may Allah be pleased with him) said: Sayyidah Zaynab bint Jahsh (may Allah be pleased with her) used to boast over the other wives, saying that Allah Almighty had arranged her marriage in the heavens, and the verse of hijab was revealed concerning her. The narrator said: People were sitting in the house of the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him); he went out, then came back, then went out again, and the people were still sitting. Signs of displeasure were seen on his (peace and blessings be upon him) face, and (because of this) the verse of hijab was revealed: "O you who believe, do not enter the houses of the Prophet unless permission is given to you" [Surah al-Ahzab: 53].
