السنن الكبرى للبيهقي
Sunan al-Kubra al-Bayhaqi
كتاب النكاح
Book of Marriage
باب: ما أبيح له من النكاح بغير ولي وبغير شاهدين استدلالا بجواز الموهوبة
Marriage without a guardian and without two witnesses being permitted to him (peace and blessings be upon him), inferred from the permissibility of the woman who offered herself
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وَبِمَا أَخْبَرَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللهِ الْحَافِظُ، ثنا أَبُو الْحَسَنِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَلِيِّ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ سَخْتَوَيْهِ، ثنا مُوسَى بْنُ الْحَسَنِ، وَمُحَمَّدُ بْنُ غَالِبٍ، وَمُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَلِيِّ بْنِ بُطْحَا، قَالُوا: ثنا عَفَّانُ، ثنا حَمَّادُ بْنُ سَلَمَةَ، ثنا ثَابِتٌ، عَنْ أَنَسِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ قَالَ: وَقَعَ فِي سَهْمِ دِحْيَةَ جَارِيَةٌ، فَقِيلَ: يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ إِنَّهُ وَقَعَتْ فِي سَهْمِ دِحْيَةَ جَارِيَةٌ جَمِيلَةٌ قَالَ: فَاشْتَرَاهَا رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ بِتِسْعَةِ أَرْؤُسٍ، ثُمَّ دَفَعَهَا إِلَى أُمِّ سُلَيْمٍ تَصْنَعُهَا وَتُهَيِّئُهَا قَالَ: وَأَحْسَبُهُ قَالَ: تَعْتَدُّ فِي بَيْتِهَا وَهِيَ صَفِيَّةُ بِنْتُ حُيَيٍّ، فَجَعَلَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ وَلِيمَتَهَا التَّمْرَ وَالْأَقِطَ وَالسَّمْنَ قَالَ: فُحِصَتِ الْأَرْضُ أَفَاحِيصَ وَجِيءَ بِالْأَنْطَاعِ، فَوُضِعَتْ فِيهَا، ثُمَّ جِيءَ بِالْأَقِطِ وَالسَّمْنِ، فَشَبِعَ النَّاسُ قَالَ: وَقَدْ قَالَ النَّاسُ: لَا نَدْرِي أَتَزَوَّجَهَا أَمِ اتَّخَذَهَا أُمَّ وَلَدٍ قَالَ: فَقَالُوا: إِنْ حَجَبَهَا فَهِيَ امْرَأَتُهُ، وَإِنْ لَمْ يَحْجُبْهَا، فَهِيَ أُمُّ وَلَدٍ، فَلَمَّا أَرَادَ أَنْ يُرْكِبَهَا حَجَبَهَا حَتَّى قَعَدَتْ عَلَى عَجُزِ الْبَعِيرِ فَعَرَفُوا أَنَّهُ قَدْ تَزَوَّجَهَا " رَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، عَنْ أَبِي بَكْرِ بْنِ أَبِي شَيْبَةَ عَنْ عَفَّانَ.
Sayyiduna Anas bin Malik (may Allah be pleased with him) said: A slave girl fell to the share of Sayyiduna Dihyah (may Allah be pleased with him). The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) was told: "O Prophet of Allah, a beautiful slave girl has fallen to Dihyah's share." So the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) bought her for nine heads (captives). Then he sent her to Sayyidah Umm Sulaym (may Allah be pleased with her) so that she could prepare her. The narrator said: I think she was observing her waiting period ('iddah) in her house. She was Sayyidah Safiyyah bint Huyayy (may Allah be pleased with her). He (peace and blessings be upon him) gave the wedding feast (walimah) with dates, cheese and ghee. The ground was dug and levelled, then leather mats were brought and spread out. Then dates, cheese and ghee were brought, and the people ate their fill. The narrator said: The people said: "We do not know whether she is a slave girl or a wife." The narrator said: They said: "If she is veiled, she is his (peace and blessings be upon him) wife; if she is not veiled, she will be a slave girl." When she was about to mount, she was veiled, until she sat on the back of the camel, and they knew that he (peace and blessings be upon him) had married her.
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو طَاهِرٍ الْفَقِيهُ، وَأَبُو سَعِيدِ بْنُ أَبِي عَمْرٍو قَالَا: ثنا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ، ثنا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ، أنبأ ابْنُ الْأَصْبَهَانِيِّ، ثنا شَرِيكٌ، عَنْ أَبِي هَارُونَ، عَنْ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ قَالَا: " لَا نِكَاحَ إِلَّا بِوَلِيٍّ وَشُهُودٍ وَمَهْرٍ، إِلَّا مَا كَانَ مِنَ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ ".
It is narrated from Sayyiduna Abu Sa'id (may Allah be pleased with him): "There is no marriage without a guardian, witnesses and a dowry (mahr), except what was for the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him)."
