السنن الكبرى للبيهقي
Sunan al-Kubra al-Bayhaqi
كتاب النكاح
Book of Marriage
باب: ما أمره الله تعالى به من أن يدفع بالتي هي أحسن السيئة، فقال: {ادفع بالتي هي أحسن}
What Allah the Exalted commanded him (peace and blessings be upon him) of repelling evil with what is better, saying: "Repel evil with that which is best"
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قَالَ بَعْضُ أَهْلِ التَّفْسِيرِ: وَذَلِكَ أَنَّ أَبَا جَهْلٍ لَعَنَهُ اللهُ كَانَ يُؤْذِي النَّبِيَّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ وَكَانَ النَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ لَهُ مُبْغِضًا يَكْرَهُهُ وَيَكْرَهُ رُؤْيَتَهُ فَأَمَرَهُ اللهُ تَعَالَى بِالْعَفْوِ وَالصَّفْحِ قَالَ الشَّيْخُ رَحِمَهُ اللهُ: وَهَذَا الَّذِي حَكَاهُ أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ عَنْ بَعْضِ أَهْلِ التَّفْسِيرِ.
Some of the scholars of tafsir said: "That was because Abu Jahl, may Allah curse him, used to harm the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him), and the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) detested him, disliked him and disliked even seeing him; so Allah Almighty commanded him (peace and blessings be upon him) to pardon and overlook."
The Shaykh (Imam al-Bayhaqi) (may Allah have mercy on him) said: "And this is what Abu al-Abbas reported from some of the scholars of tafsir."
The Shaykh (Imam al-Bayhaqi) (may Allah have mercy on him) said: "And this is what Abu al-Abbas reported from some of the scholars of tafsir."
أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو إِسْحَاقَ إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ الْإِمَامُ، أنبأ عَبْدُ الْخَالِقِ بْنُ الْحَسَنِ، ثنا عَبْدُ اللهِ بْنُ ثَابِتٍ، أَخْبَرَنِي أَبِي، عَنِ الْهُذَيْلِ، عَنْ مُقَاتِلِ بْنِ سُلَيْمَانَ، فِي قَوْلِهِ تَعَالَى: {وَلَا تَسْتَوِي الْحَسَنَةُ وَلَا السَّيِّئَةُ ادْفَعْ بِالَّتِي هِيَ أَحْسَنُ} [فصلت: ٣٤]، وَذَلِكَ أَنَّ أَبَا جَهْلٍ لَعَنَهُ اللهُ كَانَ يُؤْذِي النَّبِيَّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ، وَكَانَ النَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ لَهُ مُبْغِضًا يَكْرَهُ رُؤْيَتَهُ، فَأَمَرَهُ اللهُ تَعَالَى بِالْعَفْوِ وَالصَّفْحِ، يَقُولُ: فَإِذَا فَعَلْتَ ذَلِكَ فَإِذَا الَّذِي بَيْنَكَ وَبَيْنَهُ عَدَاوَةٌ يَعْنِي أَبَا جَهْلٍ كَأَنَّهُ وَلِيٌّ فِي الدُّنْيَا حَمِيمٌ لَكَ فِي النَّسَبِ الشَّفِيقُ عَلَيْكَ، وَقَالَ فِي قَوْلِهِ تَعَالَى: {ادْفَعْ بِالَّتِي هِيَ أَحْسَنُ السَّيِّئَةَ} [المؤمنون: ٩٦] نَزَلَتْ فِي النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ وَأَبِي جَهْلٍ حِينَ جَهِلَ عَلَى النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ ".
"Good and evil are not equal. Repel (evil) with that which is better." [Surah Fussilat: 34] Abu Jahl (may Allah Almighty curse him) used to harm the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him), and the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) disliked him, so Allah commanded His Prophet to be patient and overlook. He said: When you do this, then "the one between whom and you there is enmity", that is, Abu Jahl, will become your friend in this world and will be "hamim", that is, he will show you kindness out of regard for your kinship.
And he said, concerning the saying of Allah Almighty: "Repel evil with that which is better" [Surah al-Mu'minun: 96]: It was revealed about the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) and Abu Jahl, when he behaved ignorantly towards the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him).
And he said, concerning the saying of Allah Almighty: "Repel evil with that which is better" [Surah al-Mu'minun: 96]: It was revealed about the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) and Abu Jahl, when he behaved ignorantly towards the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him).
وَقَدْ أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو زَكَرِيَّا بْنُ أَبِي إِسْحَاقَ الْمُزَكِّي، أنبأ أَبُو الْحَسَنِ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَبْدُوسٍ، ثنا عُثْمَانُ بْنُ سَعِيدٍ الدَّارِمِيُّ، ثنا عَبْدُ اللهِ بْنُ صَالِحٍ، عَنْ مُعَاوِيَةَ بْنِ صَالِحٍ، عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ أَبِي طَلْحَةَ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ رَضِيَ اللهُ تَعَالَى عَنْهُمَا فِي قَوْلِهِ تَعَالَى: {ادْفَعْ بِالَّتِي هِيَ أَحْسَنُ} [فصلت: ٣٤] قَالَ: " أَمَرَ اللهُ سُبْحَانَهُ وَتَعَالَى الْمُؤْمِنِينَ بِالصَّبِرِ عِنْدَ ⦗٧٢⦘ الْغَضَبِ، وَالْحِلْمِ عِنْدَ الْجَهْلِ، وَالْعَفْوِ عِنْدَ الْإِسَاءَةِ، فَإِذَا فَعَلُوا ذَلِكَ عَصَمَهُمُ اللهُ مِنَ الشَّيْطَانِ، وَخَضَعَ لَهُمْ عَدُوُّهُمْ، كَأَنَّهُ وَلِيٌّ حَمِيمٌ " ذَكَرَ الْبُخَارِيُّ مَتْنَهُ فِي التَّرْجَمَةِ وَكَأَنَّ ابْنَ عَبَّاسٍ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُمَا ذَهَبَ إِلَى أَنَّهُ وَإِنْ خَاطَبَ بِهِ النَّبِيَّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فَالْمُرَادُ بِهِ هُوَ وَغَيْرُهُ وَاللهُ أَعْلَمُ.
It is reported from Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Abbas (may Allah be pleased with them both) concerning "Good and evil are not equal. Repel (evil) with that which is better" [Surah Fussilat: 34] that Allah Almighty has commanded the believers to be patient at the time of anger, forbearing in the face of ignorance, and forgiving when wronged. When they do this, Allah Almighty will protect them from Satan and humble their enemy, as though he were a devoted, warm friend.
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْحُسَيْنِ بْنُ الْفَضْلِ الْقَطَّانُ، بِبَغْدَادَ، أنبأ أَبُو سَهْلِ بْنُ زِيَادٍ الْقَطَّانُ، ثنا الْقَاسِمُ بْنُ نَصْرٍ الْبَزَّازُ دُرُسْتَ، ثنا سُرَيْجُ بْنُ النُّعْمَانِ، ثنا فُلَيْحٌ، عَنْ هِلَالِ بْنِ عَلِيٍّ، عَنْ عَطَاءِ بْنِ يَسَارٍ قَالَ: لَقِيتُ عَبْدَ اللهِ بْنَ عَمْرِو بْنِ الْعَاصِ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُمَا، فَقُلْتُ لَهُ: أَخْبِرْنِي عَنْ صِفَةِ رَسُولِ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فِي التَّوْرَاةِ، فَقَالَ: " أَجَلْ وَاللهِ إِنَّهُ لَمَوْصُوفٌ فِي التَّوْرَاةِ بِبَعْضِ صِفَتِهِ فِي الْفُرْقَانِ {يَا أَيُّهَا النَّبِيُّ إِنَّا أَرْسَلْنَاكَ شَاهِدًا وَمُبَشِّرًا وَنَذِيرًا} [الأحزاب: ٤٥]، وَحِرْزًا لِلْأُمِّيِّينَ أَنْتَ عَبْدِي وَرَسُولِي سَمَّيْتُكَ " الْمُتَوَكِّلَ لَيْسَ بِفَظٍّ، وَلَا غَلِيظٍ، وَلَا صَخَّابٍ بِالْأَسْوَاقِ، وَلَا يَدْفَعُ السَّيِّئَةَ بِالسَّيِّئَةِ، وَلَكِنْ يَعْفُو وَيَغْفِرُ، وَلَنْ أَقْبِضَهُ حَتَّى أُقِيمَ بِهِ الْمِلَّةَ الْعَوْجَاءَ، وَأَنْ يَقُولُوا لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللهُ، وَأَفْتَحَ بِهِ أَعْيُنًا عُمْيًا وَآذَانًا صُمًّا وَقُلُوبًا غُلْفًا " قَالَ عَطَاءُ بْنُ يَسَارٍ رَحِمَهُ اللهُ: ثُمَّ لَقِيتُ كَعْبَ الْحَبْرَ، فَسَأَلْتُهُ فَمَا اخْتَلَفَا فِي حَرْفٍ إِلَّا أَنَّ كَعْبًا يَقُولُ: أَعْيُنًا عَمَوِيًّا وَقُلُوبًا غُلُوفًا وَآذَانًا صُمُومًا " رَوَاهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ سِنَانٍ، عَنْ فُلَيْحِ بْنِ سَلْمَانَ.
Ata' bin Yasar (may Allah have mercy on him) said: I met Abdullah bin Amr bin al-As (may Allah be pleased with them both) and said to him: Tell me about the qualities of the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) mentioned in the Torah. He said: Yes; some of his (peace and blessings be upon him) qualities that are in the Qur'an are also mentioned in the Torah, namely: "O Prophet, indeed We have sent you as a witness, a bringer of good tidings and a warner" [Surah al-Ahzab: 45], and (sent) as a refuge for the unlettered: "You (peace and blessings be upon him) are My servant and My Messenger. I have named you 'al-Mutawakkil' (the one who relies on Allah). You (peace and blessings be upon him) are neither ill-mannered nor harsh, nor one who shouts in the marketplaces, nor do you repay evil with evil; rather you (peace and blessings be upon him) overlook and forgive. I will not take you (in death) until the crooked (religion) is set straight and they say 'La ilaha illallah' (there is no god but Allah), and through you I will give sight to the blind, hearing to the deaf, and (understanding) hearts to the heedless."
Ata' (may Allah have mercy on him) said: After that I met Ka'b, the scholar (may Allah have mercy on him), and asked him the same question, and he gave the same answer without a difference of a single letter, except for these words: 'a'yunan 'umyan, wa quluban ghulfan, wa adhanan summan' (blind eyes, veiled hearts and stopped ears).
Ata' (may Allah have mercy on him) said: After that I met Ka'b, the scholar (may Allah have mercy on him), and asked him the same question, and he gave the same answer without a difference of a single letter, except for these words: 'a'yunan 'umyan, wa quluban ghulfan, wa adhanan summan' (blind eyes, veiled hearts and stopped ears).
أَخْبَرَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْحُسَيْنِ بْنِ الْفَضْلِ، أنبأ عَبْدُ اللهِ بْنُ جَعْفَرِ بْنِ دُرُسْتَوَيْهِ، ثنا يَعْقُوبُ بْنُ سُفْيَانَ، ثنا أَبُو عُمَرَ حَفْصُ بْنُ عُمَرَ، ثنا شُعْبَةُ قَالَ: أَنْبَأَنِي أَبُو إِسْحَاقَ، عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللهِ الْجَدَلِيِّ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهَا قَالَتْ: " لَمْ يَكُنْ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ بِفَاحِشٍ، وَلَا مُتَفَحِّشٍ وَلَا سَخَّابٍ فِي الْأَسْوَاقِ، وَلَا يَجْزِي بِالسَّيِّئَةِ مِثْلَهَا وَلَكِنْ يَعْفُو وَيَصْفَحُ ".
Sayyidah Aishah (may Allah be pleased with her) said: The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) was not one who spoke obscenely, nor did he like it, nor did he shout in the marketplaces, nor did he repay evil with evil; rather he (peace and blessings be upon him) would pardon and overlook.
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْحُسَيْنِ بْنُ الْفَضْلِ، أنبأ عَبْدُ اللهِ بْنُ جَعْفَرٍ، ثنا يَعْقُوبُ بْنُ سُفْيَانَ، ثنا عَبْدُ اللهِ بْنُ عُثْمَانَ، أنبأ عَبْدُ اللهِ هُوَ ابْنُ الْمُبَارَكِ، أنبأ هِشَامُ بْنُ عُرْوَةَ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ رَضِيَ اللهُ تَعَالَى عَنْهَا قَالَتْ: " مَا ضَرَبَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ أَحَدًا مِنْ نِسَائِهِ قَطُّ، وَلَا ضَرَبَ خَادِمًا قَطُّ، وَلَا ضَرَبَ شَيْئًا بِيَمِينِهِ قَطُّ، إِلَّا أَنْ يُجَاهِدَ فِي سَبِيلِ اللهِ، وَمَا نِيلَ مِنْهُ شَيْءٌ قَطُّ، فَانْتَقَمَ لِنَفْسِهِ إِلَّا أَنْ تُنْتَهَكَ مَحَارِمُ اللهِ فَيَنْتَقِمُ لَهَا، وَمَا خُيِّرَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ بَيْنَ أَمْرَيْنِ قَطُّ أَحَدُهُمَا أَيْسَرُ مِنَ الآخَرِ إِلَّا اخْتَارَ أَيْسَرَهُمَا، إِلَّا أَنْ يَكُونَ إِثْمًا، فَإِذَا كَانَ إِثْمًا كَانَ أَبْعَدَ النَّاسِ مِنْهُ " أَخْرَجَهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ مِنْ وَجْهٍ آخَرَ عَنْ هِشَامٍ.
Sayyidah Aishah (may Allah be pleased with her) said: The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) never struck any of his wives, nor his servants, nor did he strike anything with his right hand, except in jihad in the path of Allah. Nor was there ever anything for which he (peace and blessings be upon him) took revenge for his own sake, except when the sacred limits of Allah were violated; then he (peace and blessings be upon him) would take revenge for them. And whenever he (peace and blessings be upon him) was given a choice between two things, he (peace and blessings be upon him) always preferred the easier, as long as there was no wrong in it. If there was wrong in it, he (peace and blessings be upon him) was the farthest of people from it.
