Sayyiduna Qabisah bin Mukhariq (may Allah be pleased with him) says: I came to the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) to ask him about my debt. He (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Asking is unlawful except for three people: one is the person on whom there is the burden of a debt; it is lawful for him to ask until he pays off his debt, then he should refrain from asking. The second is the man struck by some calamity that destroys all his wealth; it is also lawful for him to ask until he reaches a comfortable state, then he should refrain from asking. The third is the man who is afflicted by some need or struck by poverty, and three reliable men of his people testify (to it); then it is also permissible for him to ask. Asking apart from this is unlawful."
Hadith Referenceالسنن الكبرى للبيهقي / كتاب قسم الصدقات / 13193
Sayyiduna Qabisah bin Mukhariq al-Hilali (may Allah be pleased with him) says: I took upon myself a debt (to settle a dispute), so I came to the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) to ask him about it. He said: "Stay, O Qabisah, until the charity comes to us, and we will order it for you." Then the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "O Qabisah! Asking is not lawful except for one of three: a man who has taken upon himself a debt (to settle a dispute), so asking is lawful for him until he obtains it, then he refrains; a man struck by a calamity that destroys his wealth, so asking is lawful for him until he obtains what will support his living (or he said: what will meet his needs); and a man struck by poverty, until three men of sound judgement from his people say: So-and-so has been struck by poverty; then charity is lawful for him until he obtains what will support his living or meet his needs. Apart from these, O Qabisah, asking is unlawful (suht), and the one who does it consumes it as unlawful wealth."
Hadith Referenceالسنن الكبرى للبيهقي / كتاب قسم الصدقات / 13194
It is narrated from Sayyiduna Mu'awiyah (may Allah be pleased with him) that I said: O Messenger of Allah! We are a people from whom many ask, so he (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Let one of you ask at a time of need, or at a time of fighting in order to make peace among his people by means of that wealth. When the matter is over, or close to being over, let him stop."
Abu Ubayd (may Allah have mercy on him) says: "al-fatq" means war, in which two groups are killed and wounded, so that man asks in order to make peace; "istaghna aw karuba" means coming close (to it).
Hadith Referenceالسنن الكبرى للبيهقي / كتاب قسم الصدقات / 13195
Sayyiduna Abu Sa'id al-Khudri (may Allah be pleased with him) says that the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Charity is not lawful for a wealthy person, apart from five wealthy people: (1) the one who collects the charity (the collector), (2) a man who bought the charity item with his own wealth, (3) a man burdened with a debt, (4) the warrior who fights in the path of Allah, and (5) the wealthy man to whom a poor man, who had been given charity, gave it as a gift."
Hadith Referenceالسنن الكبرى للبيهقي / كتاب قسم الصدقات / 13196
Sayyiduna Aishah (may Allah be pleased with her) says that the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Whoever of my Ummah leaves a debt and has striven to pay it, but dies before paying it, then I am his guardian (that is, the one who will pay it)."
Hadith Referenceالسنن الكبرى للبيهقي / كتاب قسم الصدقات / 13197