السنن الكبرى للبيهقي
Sunan al-Kubra al-Bayhaqi
كتاب قسم الفيء والغنيمة
Book of the Division of Fai and Spoils of War
باب: ما لم يوجف عليه بخيل ولا ركاب، ومن اختار أن يكون وقفا للمسلمين كما فعل عمر بن الخطاب رضي الله عنه بأرض العراق وغيرها، إما بأن كانت فيئا فتركها وقفا، وإما بأن كانت غنيمة فاستطاب أنفس من كان ظهر عليها كما استطاب رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم أنفس أهل
Wealth obtained without horses or camels being spurred against it, and those who preferred making it an endowment for the Muslims as Umar bin al-Khattab (may Allah be pleased with him) did with the land of Iraq and elsewhere, either because it was fay and he left it as an endowment, or because it was spoils and he obtained the consent of those who had conquered it, as the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) obtained the consent of some people
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بَ كَمَا فَعَلَ عُمَرُ بْنُ الْخَطَّابِ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ بِأَرْضِ الْعِرَاقِ وَغَيْرِهَا، إِمَّا بِأَنْ كَانَتْ فَيْئًا فَتَرَكَهَا وَقْفًا، وَإِمَّا بِأَنْ كَانَتْ غَنِيمَةً فَاسْتَطَابَ أَنْفُسَ مَنْ كَانَ ظَهَرَ عَلَيْهَا كَمَا اسْتَطَابَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ أَنْفُسَ أَهْلِ سَبْيِ هَوْازِنَ حَتَّى تَرَكُوا حُقُوقَهُمْ.
Just as Sayyiduna Umar bin al-Khattab (may Allah be pleased with him) did with the land of Iraq and elsewhere: either because it was fay', so he left it as an endowment (waqf, for the Muslims), or because it was spoils of war, so he obtained the consent of those who had conquered it, just as the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) obtained the consent of (those who had taken) the captives of the tribe of Hawazin, until they gave up their rights.
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدِ بْنُ أَبِي عَمْرٍو، ثنا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ، ثنا الْحَسَنُ بْنُ عَلِيِّ بْنِ عَفَّانَ، ثنا يَحْيَى بْنُ آدَمَ، ثنا ابْنُ الْمُبَارَكِ، عَنْ إِسْمَاعِيلَ بْنِ أَبِي خَالِدٍ، عَنْ قَيْسِ بْنِ أَبِي حَازِمٍ، أَنَّ عُمَرَ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ أَعْطَى بَجِيلَةَ رُبْعَ السَّوَادِ، فَأَخَذُوهُ سِنِينَ، ثُمَّ وَفَدَ جَرِيرٌ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ إِلَى عُمَرَ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ فَقَالَ: " لَوْلَا أَنِّي قَاسِمٌ مَسْؤُولٌ لَكُنْتُمْ عَلَى مَا قُسِمَ لَكُمْ، فَأَرَى أَنْ تَرُدَّهُ "، فَرَدَّهُ وَأَجَازَهُ بِثَمَانِينَ دِينَارًا.
It is narrated from Qays bin Abi Hazim that Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) gave the tribe of Bajilah a quarter of the Sawad (the cultivated land of Iraq), and they held it for some years. Then Jarir (may Allah be pleased with him) came as a delegate to Umar (may Allah be pleased with him), and he said: Were it not that I am a distributor who will be held accountable, you would have kept what was allotted to you; but I think that you should return it. So he returned it, and he rewarded him with eighty dinars.
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ الْحَافِظُ، أنا أَبُو الْحَسَنِ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عُبْدُوسٍ الْعَنَزِيُّ، ثنا عُثْمَانُ بْنُ سَعِيدٍ الدَّارِمِيُّ، ثنا يَحْيَى بْنُ بُكَيْرٍ، وَعَبْدُ اللهِ بْنُ صَالِحٍ الْمِصْرِيَّانِ أَنَّ لَيْثَ بْنَ سَعْدٍ حَدَّثَهُمَا قَالَ: حَدَّثَنِي عُقَيْلٌ، عَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ قَالَ: زَعَمَ عُرْوَةُ أَنَّ مَرْوَانَ بْنَ الْحَكَمِ وَالْمِسْوَرَ بْنَ مَخْرَمَةَ أَخْبَرَاهُ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَامَ حِينَ جَاءَهُ وَفْدُ هَوَازِنَ مُسْلِمِينَ فَسَأَلُوهُ أَنْ يَرُدَّ إِلَيْهِمْ أَمْوَالَهُمْ وَنِسَائَهَمْ، فَقَالَ لَهُمْ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ: " مَعِي مَنْ تَرَوْنَ، وَأَحَبُّ الْحَدِيثِ إِلِيَّ أَصْدَقُهُ، فَاخْتَارُوا إِحْدَى الطَّائِفَتَيْنِ: إِمَّا السَّبْيَ، وَإِمَّا الْمَالَ، وَقَدْ كُنْتُ اسْتَأْنَيْتُ بِهِمْ "، وَكَانَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ انْتَظَرَهُمْ بِضْعَ عَشْرَةَ لَيْلَةً حِينَ قَفَلَ مِنَ الطَّائِفِ، فَلَمَّا تَبَيَّنَ لَهُمْ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ غَيْرُ رَادٍّ إِلَيْهِمْ إِلَّا إِحْدَى الطَّائِفَتَيْنِ قَالُوا: فَإِنَّا نَخْتَارُ سَبْيَنَا، فَقَامَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فِي الْمُسْلِمِينَ فَأَثْنَى عَلَى اللهِ بِمَا هُوَ أَهْلُهُ ثُمَّ قَالَ: " أَمَّا بَعْدُ، فَإِنَّ إِخْوَانَكُمْ هَؤُلَاءِ قَدْ جَاءُونَا تَائِبِينَ، وَإِنِّي قَدْ رَأَيْتُ أَنَّ أَرُدَّ إِلَيْهِمْ سَبْيَهُمْ، فَمَنْ أَحَبَّ أَنْ يُطَيِّبَ ذَلِكَ فَلْيَفْعَلْ، وَمَنْ أَحَبَّ مِنْكُمْ أَنْ يَكُونَ عَلَى حَظِّهِ حَتَّى نُعْطِيَهُ إِيَّاهُ مِنْ أَوَّلِ مَا يَفِيءُ اللهُ عَلَيْنَا فَلْيَفْعَلْ "، فَقَالَ النَّاسُ: قَدْ طَيَّبْنَا ذَلِكَ يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ لَهُمْ، فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ: " إِنَّا لَا نَدْرِي مَنْ أَذِنَ مِنْكُمْ فِي ذَلِكَ مِمَنْ لَمْ يَأْذَنْ، فَارْجِعُوا حَتَّى يَرْفَعَ إِلَيْنَا عُرَفَاؤُكُمْ أَمْرَكُمْ " فَرَجَعَ النَّاسُ، فَكَلَّمَهُمْ عُرَفَاؤُهُمْ، ثُمَّ رَجَعُوا إِلَى رَسُولِ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فَأَخْبَرُوهُ بِأَنَّهُمْ قَدْ طَيَّبُوا وَأَذِنُوا. فَهَذَا الَّذِي بَلَغَنَا عَنْ سَبْيِ هَوَازِنَ. رَوَاهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي الصَّحِيحِ عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ بُكَيْرٍ.
It is narrated from Ibn Shihab (may Allah have mercy on him) that Urwah (may Allah have mercy on him) stated that Marwan bin al-Hakam and Miswar bin Makhramah (may Allah be pleased with them both) informed him that when the delegation of Hawazin came to the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him), he (peace and blessings be upon him) stood up. They asked that their wealth and their women be returned to them. The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said to them: "As you can see, there are others with me, and the truthful word is most beloved to me, so choose one thing: either the wealth or the captives. I delayed (the distribution) for your sake." The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) had waited for them for more than ten nights after returning from Ta'if. When it became clear to them that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) would return only one of the two to them, they said: We want our captives back. So the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) addressed the Muslims, praised Allah, and then said: "Amma ba'd (To proceed): Your brothers have come to us repentant, as Muslims, and my view is that their captives should be returned to them. So whoever wishes to return (them) willingly, let him return them; that is better. And whoever does not wish to give up his share, his right will remain; let him do it this way: from the first spoils that Allah grants us after this, we will compensate him, and he should return their captives." All the Companions (may Allah be pleased with them) said: "O Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him)! We willingly wish to return them." But the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "This way we will not know who has returned them willingly and who has not. So let everyone go back, and let your leaders bring your decision to us." So all of them went back, and their leaders spoke with them. Then they came to the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) and said: "Everyone has gladly given permission." This is the hadith that has reached us concerning the captives of the tribe of Hawazin.
