السنن الكبرى للبيهقي
Sunan al-Kubra al-Bayhaqi
كتاب قسم الفيء والغنيمة
Book of the Division of Fai and Spoils of War
باب: ما جاء في سهم البراذين والمقاريف والهجين
Reports on the share of non-Arab, inferior and mixed-breed horses
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قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي الْقَدِيمِ: أَمَرَ اللهُ تَعَالَى أَنْ يَعُدُّوا لِعَدُوِّهِمْ مَا اسْتَطَاعُوا مِنْ قُوَّةٍ وَمِنْ رِبَاطِ الْخَيْلِ، فَلَمْ يَخُصَّ عَرَبِيًّا دُونَ هَجِينٍ، وَأَذِنَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فِي لُحُومِ الْخَيْلِ، وَكَانَ ذَلِكَ عَلَى الْهَجِينِ وَالْعَرَبِيِّ، وَقَالَ: " تَجَاوَزْنَا لَكُمْ عَنْ صَدَقَةِ الْخَيْلِ وَالرَّقِيقِ "، وَقَالَ: " لَيْسَ عَلَى الْمُسْلِمِ فِي فَرَسِهِ، وَلَا فِي غُلَامِهِ، صَدَقَةٌ " فَجَعَلَ الْفَرَسَ مِنَ الْخَيْلِ قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ رَحِمَهُ اللهُ: وَقَدْ ذُكِرَ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ أَنَّهُ فَضَّلَ الْعَرَبِيَّ عَلَى الْهَجِينِ، وَأَنَّ عُمَرَ فَعَلَ ذَلِكَ ⦗533⦘ قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَلَمْ يَرْوِ ذَلِكَ إِلَّا مَكْحُولٌ مُرْسَلًا، وَالْمُرْسَلُ لَا تَقُومُ بِمِثْلِهِ عِنْدَنَا حُجَّةٌ، وَكَذَلِكَ حَدِيثُ عُمَرَ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ وَهُوَ عَنْ كُلْثُومِ بْنِ الْأَقْمَرِ مُرْسَلٌ. قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: أنا حَمَّادُ بْنُ خَالِدٍ، عَنْ مُعَاوِيَةَ بْنِ صَالِحٍ، عَنْ أَبِي بِشْرٍ، عَنْ مَكْحُولٍ أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ عَرَّبَ الْعَرَبِيَّ، وَهَجَّنَ الْهَجِينَ.
Imam al-Shafi'i (may Allah have mercy on him) said in his old (opinion): "Allah Almighty commanded that they prepare against their enemy whatever strength they can and tethered horses, and Allah Almighty did not single out the Arab (pure-bred) horse to the exclusion of the hybrid horse. The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) permitted (eating) the meat of horses, and this (permission) covered (both) the hybrid and the Arab. He (peace and blessings be upon him) said: 'We have exempted you from the zakah on horses and slaves.' And he said: 'There is no zakah due from a Muslim on his horse or his slave.' So he (peace and blessings be upon him) counted the faras (a single horse) as part of the khayl (the genus of horses)."
Imam al-Shafi'i (may Allah have mercy on him) said: "It has been mentioned about the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) that he (peace and blessings be upon him) gave the Arab horse preference over the hybrid (in the spoils), and that Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) also did so."
Imam al-Shafi'i (may Allah have mercy on him) said: "No one narrated this except Makhul, as mursal, and in our view no proof is established by a mursal report like it. Likewise, the report of Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) is also mursal from Kulthum bin al-Aqmar."
Imam al-Shafi'i (may Allah have mercy on him) said: "Hammad bin Khalid informed us from Mu'awiyah bin Salih, from Abu Bishr, from Makhul, that the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) declared the Arab horse to be Arab and the hybrid to be hybrid (that is, he distinguished between the shares of the two)."
Imam al-Shafi'i (may Allah have mercy on him) said: "It has been mentioned about the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) that he (peace and blessings be upon him) gave the Arab horse preference over the hybrid (in the spoils), and that Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) also did so."
Imam al-Shafi'i (may Allah have mercy on him) said: "No one narrated this except Makhul, as mursal, and in our view no proof is established by a mursal report like it. Likewise, the report of Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) is also mursal from Kulthum bin al-Aqmar."
Imam al-Shafi'i (may Allah have mercy on him) said: "Hammad bin Khalid informed us from Mu'awiyah bin Salih, from Abu Bishr, from Makhul, that the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) declared the Arab horse to be Arab and the hybrid to be hybrid (that is, he distinguished between the shares of the two)."
أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو سَعْدٍ الْمَالِينِيُّ، أنا أَبُو أَحْمَدَ بْنُ عَدِيٍّ، ثنا أَبُو عَقِيلٍ أَنَسُ بْنُ مُسْلِمٍ، ثنا أَسَدُ بْنُ الْحَارِثِ الْحَرَّانِيُّ، ثنا حَمَّادُ بْنُ خَالِدٍ، ثنا مُعَاوِيَةُ بْنُ صَالِحٍ، عَنِ الْعَلَاءِ بْنِ الْحَارِثِ، عَنْ مَكْحُولٍ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَالَ يَوْمَ خَيْبَرَ: " عَرِّبُوا الْعَرَبِيَّ، وَهَجِّنُوا الْهَجِينَ " هَذَا هُوَ الْمَحْفُوظُ مُرْسَلٌ، وَقَدْ رَوَاهُ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ الْجُرْجَانِيُّ، سَكَنَ حِمْصَ، عَنْ حَمَّادِ بْنِ خَالِدٍ، عَنْ مُعَاوِيَةَ بْنِ صَالِحٍ، عَنِ الْعَلَاءِ بْنِ الْحَارِثِ، عَنْ مَكْحُولٍ، عَنْ زِيَادِ بْنِ جَارِيَةَ، عَنْ حَبِيبِ بْنِ مَسْلَمَةَ مَوْصُولًا.
It is narrated from Makhul (may Allah have mercy on him) that on the day of Khaybar the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Treat the Arab horse as Arab and treat the hybrid horse as hybrid."
This is the preserved (mahfuz) version, and it is mursal.
This is the preserved (mahfuz) version, and it is mursal.
أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو سَعْدٍ، أنا أَبُو أَحْمَدَ، ثنا إِسْحَاقُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ بْنِ يُونُسَ، ثنا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَوْفٍ، ثنا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ الْجُرْجَانِيُّ، ثنا حَمَّادُ بْنُ خَالِدٍ، فَذَكَرَهُ. وَزَادَ فِي مَتْنِهِ: " لِلْفَرَسِ سَهْمَانِ، وَلِلْهَجِينِ سَهْمٌ " قَالَ أَبُو أَحْمَدَ: هَذَا لَا يُوَصِّلُهُ غَيْرُ أَحْمَدَ، وَأَحَادِيثُهُ لَيْسَتْ بِمُسْتَقِيمَةٍ كَأَنَّهُ يَغْلَطُ فِيهَا.
"The horse has two shares and the hybrid horse has one share."
Abu Ahmad (Ibn Adi) said: No one but Ahmad (al-Jurjani) narrates this as connected, and his hadiths are not sound; it is as if he makes mistakes in them.
Abu Ahmad (Ibn Adi) said: No one but Ahmad (al-Jurjani) narrates this as connected, and his hadiths are not sound; it is as if he makes mistakes in them.
وَرَوَى أَبُو دَاوُدَ فِي الْمَرَاسِيلِ، عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ حَنْبَلٍ، عَنْ وَكِيعٍ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللهِ الشُّعَيْثِيِّ، عَنْ خَالِدِ بْنِ مَعْدَانَ: " أَسْهَمَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ لِلْعِرَابِ سَهْمَيْنِ، وَلِلْهَجِينِ سَهْمًا " أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو بَكْرٍ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ، أنا أَبُو الْحُسَيْنِ الْفَسَوِيُّ، ثنا أَبُو عَلِيٍّ اللُّؤْلُؤِيُّ، ثنا أَبُو دَاوُدَ فَذَكَرَهُ. وَهُوَ مُنْقَطِعٌ لَا تَقُومُ بِهِ حُجَّةٌ.
Khalid bin Ma'dan (may Allah have mercy on him) says: The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) "assigned shares: two shares for Arab horses and one share for the hybrid."
It is munqati' (broken chain); no proof is established by it.
It is munqati' (broken chain); no proof is established by it.
وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ الْحَافِظُ، ثنا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ، أنا الرَّبِيعُ بْنُ سُلَيْمَانَ، أنا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أنا سُفْيَانُ بْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ، عَنِ الْأَسْوَدِ بْنِ قَيْسٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ الْأَقْمَرِ قَالَ: أَغَارَتِ الْخَيْلُ بِالشَّامِ، فَأَدْرَكَتِ الْخَيْلُ مِنْ يَوْمِهَا، وَأَدْرَكَتِ الْكَوَادِنُ ضُحًى، وَعَلَى الْخَيْلِ الْمُنْذِرُ بْنُ أَبِي حِمَّصَةَ الْهَمْدَانِيُّ، فَفَضَّلَ الْخَيْلَ عَلَى الْكَوَادِنِ وَقَالَ: لَا أَجْعَلُ مَا أَدْرَكَ كَمَا لَمْ يُدْرِكْ. فَبَلَغَ ذَلِكَ عُمَرَ بْنَ الْخَطَّابِ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ، فَقَالَ: " هَبِلَتِ الْوَادِعِيَّ أُمُّهُ؛ لَقَدْ أَذْكَرَتْ بِهِ، أَمْضُوهَا عَلَى مَا قَالَ " ⦗٥٣٤⦘ قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَلَوْ كُنَّا نُثْبِتُ مِثْلَ هَذَا مَا خَالَفْنَاهُ، وَقَالَ فِي الْقَدِيمِ: هَذَانِ خَبَرَانِ مُرْسَلَانِ، لَيْسَ وَاحِدٌ مِنْهُمَا شَهِدَ مَا حَدَّثَ بِهِ.
It is narrated from Ibn al-Aqmar that the cavalry made a raid in Syria (al-Sham). The (Arab) horses caught up (with the enemy) the same day, and the kawadin (heavy non-Arab horses) caught up at forenoon. In command of the cavalry was al-Mundhir bin Abi Himmasah al-Hamdani. He gave the (Arab) horses preference over the kawadin and said: I will not treat what caught up the same as what did not catch up. This reached Sayyiduna Umar bin al-Khattab (may Allah be pleased with him), and he said: "May his mother be bereft of al-Wadi'i! She has indeed borne a true man. Carry it out as he said."
