السنن الكبرى للبيهقي
Sunan al-Kubra al-Bayhaqi
كتاب قسم الفيء والغنيمة
Book of the Division of Fai and Spoils of War
باب: الوجه الثالث من النفل
The third form of extra shares
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أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ الْحَافِظُ، ثنا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ، ثنا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْجَبَّارِ، ثنا يُونُسُ بْنُ بُكَيْرٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ إِسْحَاقَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنِي عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ الْحَارِثِ، عَنْ سُلَيْمَانَ بْنِ مُوسَى، عَنْ مَكْحُولٍ، عَنْ أَبِي أُمَامَةَ الْبَاهِلِيِّ قَالَ: سَأَلْتُ عُبَادَةَ بْنَ الصَّامِتِ عَنِ الْأَنْفَالِ، فَقَالَ: فِينَا أَصْحَابَ بَدْرٍ نَزَلَتْ، وَذَلِكَ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ حِينَ الْتَقَى النَّاسُ بِبَدْرٍ " نَفَّلَ كُلَّ امْرِئٍ مَا أَصَابَ " ثُمَّ ذَكَرَ الْحَدِيثَ فِي نُزُولِ الْآيَةِ وَالْقِسْمَةَ بَيْنَهُمْ، وَقَدْ مَضَى ذَلِكَ فِي أَوَّلِ هَذَا الْكِتَابِ. قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: قَالَ بَعْضُ أَهْلِ الْعِلْمِ: إِذَا بَعَثَ الْإِمَامُ سَرِيَّةً وَجَيْشًا فَقَالَ لَهُمْ قَبْلَ اللِّقَاءِ: مَنْ غَنِمَ شَيْئًا فَهُوَ لَهُ بَعْدَ الْخُمُسِ، فَذَلِكَ لَهُمْ عَلَى بَعْضِ مَا شَرَطَ؛ لِأَنَّهُمْ عَلَى ذَلِكَ غَزَوْا وَبِهِ رَضُوا، وَذَهَبُوا فِي هَذَا إِلَى أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَالَ يَوْمَ بَدْرٍ: " مَنْ أَخَذَ شَيْئًا فَهُوَ لَهُ " وَذَلِكَ قَبْلَ نُزُولِ الْخُمُسِ، وَاللهُ أَعْلَمُ، وَلَمْ أَعْلَمْ شَيْئًا يَثْبُتُ عِنْدَنَا عَنْ رَسُولِ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ بِهَذَا قَالَ الشَّيْخُ: الَّذِي رُوِيَ فِي هَذَا مَا ذَكَرَهُ. وَقَدْ رُوِيَ عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ مَا يُخَالِفُهُ فِي لَفْظِهِ.
Abu Umamah al-Bahili (may Allah be pleased with him) said: I asked Ubadah bin al-Samit (may Allah be pleased with him) about the spoils (anfal), and he said: This verse was revealed concerning us, the people of Badr. When the people met the disbelievers, the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) gave each person whatever he had obtained in the battle. Then Ubadah (may Allah be pleased with him) mentioned the revelation of the verse and the division among them.
Imam al-Shafi'i (may Allah have mercy on him) said: Some of the people of knowledge said: When the imam sends out a detachment or an army and, before meeting the enemy, says to them: 'Whoever takes anything as spoils, it is his after the khumus,' then it is theirs according to what he stipulated, because they went out to fight on that condition and agreed to it. Their evidence is that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said on the day of Badr: "Whoever takes something, it is his," and that ruling was before the khumus was revealed, and Allah knows best. I do not know of anything on this matter that is established, in our view, from the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him).
The Shaykh (al-Bayhaqi) said: What has been narrated on this is what he mentioned, and something differing from it in wording has been narrated from Ibn Abbas (may Allah be pleased with them both).
Imam al-Shafi'i (may Allah have mercy on him) said: Some of the people of knowledge said: When the imam sends out a detachment or an army and, before meeting the enemy, says to them: 'Whoever takes anything as spoils, it is his after the khumus,' then it is theirs according to what he stipulated, because they went out to fight on that condition and agreed to it. Their evidence is that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said on the day of Badr: "Whoever takes something, it is his," and that ruling was before the khumus was revealed, and Allah knows best. I do not know of anything on this matter that is established, in our view, from the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him).
The Shaykh (al-Bayhaqi) said: What has been narrated on this is what he mentioned, and something differing from it in wording has been narrated from Ibn Abbas (may Allah be pleased with them both).
أَخْبَرَنَاهُ عَلِيُّ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ عَبْدَانَ، أنا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عُبَيْدٍ، ثنا إِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ، ثنا مُسَدَّدٌ، ثنا مُعْتَمِرٌ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ دَاوُدَ بْنَ أَبِي هِنْدَ يُحَدِّثُ، عَنْ عِكْرِمَةَ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ قَالَ: قَالَ نَبِيُّ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ يَعْنِي يَوْمَ بَدْرٍ: " مَنْ فَعَلَ كَذَا وَكَذَا، وَأَتَى مَكَانَ كَذَا وَكَذَا، فَلَهُ كَذَا وَكَذَا ". فَتَسَارَعَ إِلَيْهِ الشُّبَّانُ، وَثَبَتَ الشِّيُوخُ عِنْدَ الرَّايَاتِ، فَلَمَّا فُتِحَ لَهُمْ جَاءَ الشَّبَابُ يَطْلُبُونَ مَا جَعَلَ لَهُمْ، وَقَالَ الْأَشْيَاخُ: لَا تَذْهَبُوا بِهِ دُونَنَا؛ فَقَدْ كُنَّا رِدْءًا لَكُمْ، فَأَنْزَلَ اللهُ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ {يَسْأَلُونَكَ عَنِ الْأَنْفَالِ قُلِ الْأَنْفَالُ لِلَّهِ وَالرَّسُولِ فَاتَّقُوا اللهَ وَأَصْلِحُوا ذَاتَ بَيْنِكُمْ} [الأنفال: ١].
Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Abbas (may Allah be pleased with them both) said that on the day of Badr the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Whoever does such-and-such and reaches such-and-such a place, he shall have such-and-such." So the young men rushed forward to it, while the elders stayed by the banners. When victory was granted to them, the young men came demanding what had been set for them, and the elders said: Do not take it all without us, for we were your support behind you. So Allah Almighty revealed this verse: "They ask you about the spoils of war. Say: The spoils of war belong to Allah and the Messenger, so fear Allah and set things right between yourselves." [Surah al-Anfal: 1]
وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَلِيٍّ الرُّوذْبَارِيُّ، أنا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ بَكْرٍ، ثنا أَبُو دَاوُدَ، ثنا زِيَادُ بْنُ أَيُّوبَ، ثنا هُشَيْمٌ، أنا دَاوُدُ بْنُ أَبِي هِنْدَ، عَنْ عِكْرِمَةَ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَالَ يَوْمَ بَدْرٍ: " مَنْ قَتَلَ قَتِيلًا فَلَهُ كَذَا وَكَذَا، وَمَنْ أَسَرَ أَسِيرًا فَلَهُ كَذَا وَكَذَا " قَالَ: ثُمَّ سَاقَ الْحَدِيثَ، وَهَذَا بِخِلَافِ الْأَوَّلِ فِي كَيْفِيَّةِ الشَّرْطِيَّةِ، وَقَدْ رُوِّينَا فِي غَنِيمَةِ بَدْرٍ أَنَّهَا كَانَتْ قَبْلَ نُزُولِ الْخُمُسِ، ثُمَّ نَزَلَ قَوْلُهُ {وَاعْلَمُوا أَنَّمَا غَنِمْتُمْ مِنْ شَيْءٍ فَأَنَّ لِلَّهِ خُمُسَهُ} [الأنفال: ٤١] الْآيَةَ، فَصَارَ الْأَمْرُ إِلَيْهِ، وَبِاللهِ التَّوْفِيقُ.
It is narrated from Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Abbas (may Allah be pleased with them both) that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said on the day of Badr: "Whoever kills someone shall have such and such, and whoever takes a captive shall have such and such." And this was before (the ruling of) the khumus. Then Allah Almighty revealed this verse: "And know that whatever you take as spoils of war, one fifth of it is for Allah" [Surah al-Anfal: 41], so the matter was handed over to him (peace and blessings be upon him).
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ الْحَافِظُ، ثنا أَبُو الْوَلِيدِ حَسَّانُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ الْفَقِيهُ، ثنا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْجَبَّارِ، ثنا أَبُو دَاوُدَ سُلَيْمَانُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ الْمُبَارَكِيُّ، ثنا ابْنُ أَبِي زَائِدَةَ ح، وَأَخْبَرَنَا عَلِيُّ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ عَبْدَانَ، أنا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عُبَيْدٍ، ثنا إِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ الْفَضْلِ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنِي سَهْلُ بْنُ عُثْمَانَ الْعَسْكَرِيُّ، ثنا يَحْيَى بْنُ أَبِي زَائِدَةَ، ثنا مُجَالِدٌ، عَنْ زِيَادِ بْنِ عِلَاقَةَ، عَنْ سَعْدِ بْنِ أَبِي وَقَّاصٍ قَالَ: لَمَّا قَدِمَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ الْمَدِينَةَ بَعَثَنَا فِي رَكْبٍ، فَذَكَرَ الْحَدِيثَ، وَفِيهِ قَالَ: وَكَانَ الْفَيْءُ إِذْ ذَاكَ: " مَنْ أَخَذَ شَيْئًا فَهُوَ لَهُ " ثُمَّ ذَكَرَ الْحَدِيثَ فِي بَعْثِهِ عَلَيْهِمْ عَبْدَ اللهِ بْنَ جَحْشٍ الْأَسَدِيَّ، قَالَ: وَكَانَ أَوَّلَ أَمِيرٍ أُمِّرَ فِي الْإِسْلَامِ، وَفِي هَذَا دَلَالَةٌ عَلَى أَنَّ ذَلِكَ كَانَ قَبْلَ نُزُولِ الْآيَةِ فِي الْغَنِيمَةِ وَالْفَيْءِ.
Sayyiduna Sa'd bin Abi Waqqas (may Allah be pleased with him) said: When the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) came to Madinah, he (peace and blessings be upon him) sent us out with a party of riders. Sa'd (may Allah be pleased with him) narrated the hadith, and in it he said: "And (the rule for) wealth (then was): whoever takes anything, it is his." Then he narrated the hadith about the party of Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Jahsh (may Allah be pleased with him), and he was the first commander in Islam.
And this indicates that this was before the revelation of the verse concerning spoils (ghanimah) and fay'.
And this indicates that this was before the revelation of the verse concerning spoils (ghanimah) and fay'.
