السنن الكبرى للبيهقي
Sunan al-Kubra al-Bayhaqi
كتاب الفرائض
Book of Inheritance
باب: الاختلاف في مسألة الخرقاء
The disagreement on the case of al-Kharqa
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أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ الْحَافِظُ، أنا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ سَلْمَانَ الْفَقِيهُ، ثنا هِلَالُ بْنُ الْعَلَاءِ الرَّقِّيُّ، ثنا عَبْدُ اللهِ بْنُ جَعْفَرٍ، ثنا عِيسَى بْنُ يُونُسَ، ثنا عَبَّادُ بْنُ مُوسَى، ثنا الشَّعْبِيُّ، ح وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْحُسَيْنِ بْنُ الْفَضْلِ الْقَطَّانُ بِبَغْدَادَ، ثنا عَبْدُ اللهِ بْنُ جَعْفَرِ بْنِ دَرَسْتَوَيْهِ، ثنا يَعْقُوبُ بْنُ سُفْيَانَ، ثنا عَبْدُ اللهِ بْنُ يُوسُفَ، ثنا عِيسَى بْنُ يُونُسَ، عَنْ عَبَّادِ بْنِ مُوسَى، عَنِ الشَّعْبِيِّ أَنَّهُ أَتَى بِهِ الْحَجَّاجُ مُوثَقًا، فَلَمَّا انْتَهَى إِلَى بَابِ الْقَصْرِ قَالَ: لَقِيَنِي يَزِيدُ بْنُ أَبِي مُسْلِمٍ فَقَالَ: إِنَّا لِلَّهِ يَا شَعْبِيُّ لِمَا بَيْنَ دَفَّتَيْكَ مِنَ الْعِلْمِ، وَلَيْسَ بِيَوْمِ شَفَاعَةٍ بُؤْ لِلْأَمِيرِ بِالشِّرْكِ وَالنِّفَاقِ ⦗٤١٣⦘ عَلَى نَفْسِكَ، فَبِالْحَرِيِّ أَنْ تَنْجُوَ ثُمَّ لَقِيَنِي مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْحَجَّاجِ فَقَالَ لِي مِثْلَ مَقَالَةِ يَزِيدَ، فَلَمَّا دَخَلْتُ عَلَى الْحَجَّاجِ قَالَ: وَأَنْتَ يَا شَعْبِيُّ مِمَّنْ خَرَجَ عَلَيْنَا وَكَثُرَ، فَقُلْتُ: " أَصْلَحَ اللهُ الْأَمِيرَ، أَحْزَنَ بِنَا الْمَنْزِلُ، وَأَجْدَبَ الْجَنَابُ، وَضَاقَ الْمَسْلَكُ، وَاكْتَحَلْنَا السَّهَرَ، وَاسْتَحْلَسْنَا الْخَوْفَ، وَوَقَعْنَا فِي خِزْيَةٍ، لَمْ نَكُنْ فِيهَا بَرَرَةً أَتْقِيَاءَ، وَلَا فَجَرَةً أَقْوِيَاءَ "، قَالَ: صَدَقْتَ وَاللهِ، مَا بَرُّوا بِخُرُوجِهِمْ عَلَيْنَا، وَلَا قَوَوْا عَلَيْنَا حَيْثُ فَجَرُوا، أَطْلَقْنَا عَنْهُ. ثُمَّ احْتَاجَ إِلِيَّ فِي فَرِيضَةٍ فَأَتَيْتُهُ، فَقَالَ: مَا تَقُولُ فِي أُمٍّ وَأُخْتٍ وَجَدٍّ؟ فَقُلْتُ: " قَدِ اخْتَلَفَ فِيهَا خَمْسَةٌ مِنْ أَصْحَابِ رَسُولِ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ: عَبْدُ اللهِ بْنُ عَبَّاسٍ، وَزَيْدٌ، وَعُثْمَانُ، وَعَلِيٌّ، وَعَبْدُ اللهِ بْنُ مَسْعُودٍ، قَالَ: مَا قَالَ فِيهَا ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ، إِنْ كَانَ لَمُتْقِنًا؟ وَفِي رِوَايَةِ الرَّقِّيِّ: إِنْ كَانَ لَمُنَقِّبًا، قُلْتُ: " جَعَلَ الْجَدَّ أَبًا، وَلَمْ يُعْطِ الْأُخْتَ شَيْئًا، وَأَعْطَى الْأُمَّ الثُّلُثَ "، قَالَ: فَمَا قَالَ فِيهَا زَيْدٌ؟ قُلْتُ: " جَعَلَهَا مِنْ تِسْعَةٍ؛ أَعْطَى الْأُمَّ ثَلَاثَةً، وَأَعْطَى الْجَدَّ أَرْبَعَةً، وَأَعْطَى الْأُخْتَ سَهْمَيْنِ "، قَالَ: فَمَا قَالَ فِيهَا أَمِيرُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ؟ يَعْنِي عُثْمَانَ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ، قُلْتُ: " جَعَلَهَا أَثْلَاثًا "، قَالَ: فَمَا قَالَ فِيهَا ابْنُ مَسْعُودٍ؟ قُلْتُ: " جَعَلَهَا مِنْ سِتَّةٍ، أَعْطَى الْأُخْتَ ثَلَاثَةً، وَالْجَدَّ سَهْمَيْنِ، وَالْأُمَّ سَهْمًا "، قَالَ: فَمَا قَالَ فِيهَا أَبُو تُرَابٍ؟ يَعْنِي عَلِيًّا رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ، قُلْتُ: " جَعَلَهَا مِنْ سِتَّةِ أَسْهُمٍ، فَأَعْطَى الْأُخْتَ ثَلَاثَةً، وَأَعْطَى الْأُمَّ سَهْمَيْنِ، وَأَعْطَى الْجَدَّ سَهْمًا "، وَذَكَرَ الْحَدِيثَ بِطُولِهِ..
It is narrated from Sayyiduna al-Sha'bi (may Allah have mercy on him) that he was brought to al-Hajjaj bin Yusuf bound in fetters. When he reached the gate of the palace, he said: Yazid bin Abi Muslim met me and said: 'Inna lillah' (Indeed we belong to Allah), O Sha'bi, for the knowledge you carry! Today is not a day for intercession; confess before the Amir to polytheism and hypocrisy against yourself, and you are likely to be saved. Then Muhammad bin al-Hajjaj met me and said the same as Yazid bin Abi Muslim. When I came in to al-Hajjaj, he said: And you, O Sha'bi, are among those who rose up against us and made much of it! I said: May Allah set the Amir right. The place we were in became rough for us, the land around us became barren, the way became narrow, we took sleeplessness as our kohl and fear as our constant companion, and we fell into a disgrace in which we were neither righteous and God-fearing nor powerful wrongdoers. Al-Hajjaj said: You have spoken the truth, by Allah. They were not righteous in rising against us, nor did they gain strength over us when they did wrong. Release him. Later he needed me for a question of inheritance, so I came to him. He said: What do you say about a mother, a sister and a grandfather? I said: Five of the Companions of the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) differed about it: Abdullah bin Abbas (may Allah be pleased with them both), Zayd (may Allah be pleased with him), Uthman (may Allah be pleased with him), Ali (may Allah be pleased with him) and Abdullah bin Mas'ud (may Allah be pleased with him). He said: What did Ibn Abbas say about it? He was indeed precise. I said: He treated the grandfather as a father, gave the sister nothing and gave the mother a third. He said: What did Zayd say about it? I said: He made it from nine: he gave the mother three, the grandfather four and the sister two shares. He said: What did the Commander of the Believers Uthman (may Allah be pleased with him) say? I said: He divided it in thirds. He said: What did Ibn Mas'ud say about it? I said: He made it from six: the sister three, the grandfather two and the mother one share. He said: What is the position of Abu Turab, Sayyiduna Ali (may Allah be pleased with him), on this question? I said: He made it from six shares: he gave the sister three, the mother two and the grandfather one share. It is a long hadith.
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ الْحَافِظُ، أنا أَبُو إِسْحَاقَ إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ يَحْيَى، ثنا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ الثَّقَفِيُّ، حَدَّثَنِي مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبَّادِ بْنِ مُوسَى الْعُكْلِيُّ، حَدَّثَنِي أَبِي عَبَّادُ بْنُ مُوسَى قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنِي أَبُو بَكْرٍ الْهُذَلِيُّ قَالَ: قَالَ لِي الشَّعْبِيُّ، فَذَكَرَ هَذَا الْحَدِيثَ..
It is like the previous hadith.
وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عَلِيٍّ الْحَافِظُ، أنا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللهِ، أنا إِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، ثنا الْحَسَنُ بْنُ عِيسَى، ثنا جَرِيرٌ، عَنِ الْمُغِيرَةِ، عَنْ أَصْحَابِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ وَالشَّعْبِيِّ، وَإِبْرَاهِيمَ وَالشَّعْبِيِّ: أُمٌّ، وَأُخْتٌ لِأَبٍ وَأُمٍّ، وَجَدٌّ، فَذَكَرَ أَقْوَالَهُمْ بِنَحْوِ مَا ذَكَرَهُ الشَّعْبِيُّ وَحْدَهُ.
Ibrahim (may Allah have mercy on him) and al-Sha'bi (may Allah have mercy on him) said regarding a mother, a full sister and a grandfather (jadd); and he gathered all of their views.
وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ الْحَافِظُ، ثنا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ، ثنا يَحْيَى بْنُ أَبِي طَالِبٍ، أنا يَزِيدُ بْنُ هَارُونَ، أنا سُفْيَانُ، عَنْ مَنْصُورٍ، عَنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ قَالَ: قَالَ عُمَرُ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ فِي أُمٍّ وَأُخْتٍ وَجَدٍّ: " لِلْأُخْتِ النِّصْفُ، وَلِلْأُمِّ ثُلُثُ مَا بَقِيَ، وَلِلْجَدِّ مَا بَقِيَ ".
Ibrahim (may Allah have mercy on him) said: Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) said regarding a mother, a sister and a grandfather (jadd): The sister gets a half, the mother a third of the remainder and the grandfather the rest.
قَالَ: وَثنا سُفْيَانُ، عَنِ الْأَعْمَشِ، عَنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ قَالَ: كَانَ عُمَرُ وَعَبْدُ اللهِ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُمَا " لَا يُفَضِّلَانِ أُمًّا عَلَى جَدٍّ ".
Ibrahim said that Umar and Abdullah (may Allah be pleased with them both) did not give a mother preference over a grandfather.
