السنن الكبرى للبيهقي
Sunan al-Kubra al-Bayhaqi
كتاب الفرائض
Book of Inheritance
باب: الأخوات مع البنات عصبة
Sisters become residuary heirs along with daughters
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أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ الْحَافِظُ، وَأَبُو سَعِيدِ بْنُ أَبِي عَمْرٍو، قَالَا: ثنا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ، ثنا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ مَرْزُوقٍ، ثنا وَهْبُ بْنُ جَرِيرٍ، ثنا شُعْبَةُ، عَنْ أَبِي قَيْسٍ، عَنْ هُزَيْلٍ قَالَ: أَتَى أَبَا مُوسَى رَجُلٌ يَسْأَلُهُ عَنِ امْرَأَةٍ تَرَكَتِ ابْنَتَهَا وَابْنَةَ ابْنِهَا وَأُخْتَهَا، فَقَالَ: لِابْنَتِهَا النِّصْفُ، وِلِأُخْتِهَا النِّصْفُ، وَلَيْسَ لَابْنَةِ ابْنِهَا شَيْءٌ، وَائْتِ عَبْدَ اللهِ بْنَ مَسْعُودٍ فَإِنَّهُ سَيَقُولُ لَكَ مِثْلَ الَّذِي قُلْتُ لَكَ، فَأَتَى عَبْدَ اللهِ فَسَأَلَهُ فَحَدَّثَهُ بِالَّذِي قَالَ أَبُو مُوسَى، قَالَ {قَدْ ضَلَلْتُ إِذًا وَمَا أَنَا مِنَ الْمُهْتَدِينَ}، لَا بَلْ أَقْضِي فِيهَا بِمَا قَضَى رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ: " لِابْنَتِهَا النِّصْفُ، وَلِابْنَةِ ابْنِهَا السُّدُسُ تَكْمِلَةَ الثُّلُثَيْنِ، وَمَا بَقِيَ لِأُخْتِهَا " فَرَجَعَ إِلَى أَبِي مُوسَى فَأَخْبَرَهُ، فَقَالَ: لَا تَسْأَلُونَا عَنْ شَيْءٍ مَا دَامَ هَذَا الْحَبْرُ بَيْنَ أَظْهُرِكُمْ رَوَاهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي الصَّحِيحِ عَنْ آدَمَ عَنْ شُعْبَةَ.
It is narrated from Huzayl (may Allah have mercy on him) that a man came to Sayyiduna Abu Musa (may Allah be pleased with him) and asked him about a woman who left a daughter, a son's daughter and a sister. Sayyiduna Abu Musa (may Allah be pleased with him) said: "Half is for the daughter, half is for the sister, and the son's daughter gets nothing. Go to Ibn Mas'ud (may Allah be pleased with him); he too will say the same as me." He came to Ibn Mas'ud (may Allah be pleased with him) and also mentioned what Sayyiduna Abu Musa (may Allah be pleased with him) had said. Sayyiduna Ibn Mas'ud (may Allah be pleased with him) said: "I would then have gone astray and would not be among the rightly guided. Rather, I will give the same judgement that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) gave: 'The daughter gets half, the son's daughter a sixth, and the remainder is for the sister.'" The man returned to Sayyiduna Abu Musa (may Allah be pleased with him) and told him, and Sayyiduna Abu Musa (may Allah be pleased with him) said: "As long as a scholar like (Ibn Mas'ud, may Allah be pleased with him) is among us, do not ask us."
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَمْرٍو الْأَدِيبُ، أنا أَبُو بَكْرٍ الْإِسْمَاعِيلِيُّ، ثنا الْقَاسِمُ بْنُ زَكَرِيَّا، ثنا بِشْرٌ هُوَ ابْنُ خَالِدٍ، ثنا مُحَمَّدٌ هُوَ ابْنُ جَعْفَرٍ، ثنا شُعْبَةُ، عَنْ سُلَيْمَانَ، عَنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، عَنِ الْأَسْوَدِ قَالَ: قَضَى فِينَا مُعَاذُ بْنُ جَبَلٍ عَلَى عَهْدِ رَسُولِ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فِي امْرَأَةٍ تَرَكَتِ ابْنَتَهَا وَأُخْتَهَا: " النِّصْفُ لِلِابْنَةِ، وَالنِّصْفُ لِلْأُخْتِ " قَالَ سُلَيْمَانُ بَعْدُ: قَضَى فِينَا، وَلَمْ يَذْكُرْ عَلَى عَهْدِ رَسُولِ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ. رَوَاهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي الصَّحِيحِ عَنْ بِشْرِ بْنِ خَالِدٍ الْعَسْكَرِيِّ.
Al-Aswad said: Sayyiduna Mu'adh bin Jabal (may Allah be pleased with him) gave a judgement among us in the time of the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) concerning a woman who leaves a daughter and a sister: that the daughter gets half and the sister also gets half.
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ الْحَافِظُ، وَأَبُو سَعِيدِ بْنُ أَبِي عَمْرٍو، قَالَا: ثنا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ، ثنا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ مَرْزُوقٍ، ثنا أَبُو دَاوُدَ، ثنا شُعْبَةُ، عَنِ الْأَشْعَثِ بْنِ أَبِي الشَّعْثَاءِ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ الْأَسْوَدَ بْنَ يَزِيدَ يَقُولُ: " قَضَى فِينَا مُعَاذٌ بِالْيَمَنِ فِي رَجُلٍ تَرَكَ ابْنَتَهُ وَأُخْتَهُ، فَأَعْطَى الِابْنَةَ النِّصْفَ، وَأَعْطَى الْأُخْتَ النِّصْفَ ".
Ash'ath bin Abi al-Sha'tha' (may Allah have mercy on him) said: I heard al-Aswad bin Yazid (may Allah have mercy on him) saying: Sayyiduna Mu'adh (may Allah be pleased with him) gave a judgement among us in Yemen concerning a man who had left a daughter and a sister: the daughter gets half, and he gave the sister half as well.
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ الْحَافِظُ، ثنا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ، ثنا يَحْيَى بْنُ أَبِي طَالِبٍ، أنا يَزِيدُ بْنُ هَارُونَ، ثنا سُفْيَانُ، عَنْ أَشْعَثَ بْنِ أَبِي الشَّعْثَاءِ، عَنِ الْأَسْوَدِ بْنِ يَزِيدَ قَالَ: " قَضَى ابْنُ الزُّبَيْرِ فِي ابْنَةٍ وَأُخْتٍ فَأَعْطَى الِابْنَةَ النِّصْفَ، وَأَعْطَى الْعَصَبَةَ سَائِرَ الْمَالِ "، فَقُلْتُ لَهُ: إِنَّ مُعَاذًا قَضَى فِيهَا بِالْيَمَنِ فَأَعْطَى الِابْنَةَ النِّصْفَ، وَأَعْطَى الْأُخْتَ النِّصْفَ، فَقَالَ عَبْدُ اللهِ بْنُ الزُّبَيْرِ: فَأَنْتَ رَسُولِي إِلَى عَبْدِ اللهِ بْنِ عُتْبَةَ فَتُحَدِّثُهُ بِهَذَا الْحَدِيثِ، وَكَانَ قَاضِيًا عَلَى الْكُوفَةِ.
Al-Aswad bin Yazid (may Allah have mercy on him) said that Ibn al-Zubayr (may Allah be pleased with him) gave a judgement concerning a daughter and a sister: he gave the daughter half and gave the rest of the wealth to the agnatic heirs ('asabah). I said: "Sayyiduna Mu'adh (may Allah be pleased with him) gave a judgement in Yemen and gave the daughter half and gave the sister half as well." So Ibn al-Zubayr (may Allah be pleased with him) said: "Then go as my messenger to Abdullah bin Utbah (may Allah have mercy on him) and narrate this hadith to him." He was the judge of Kufah.
أَخْبَرَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللهِ الْحَافِظُ، أَخْبَرَنِي الْإِمَامُ أَبُو الْوَلِيدِ، ثنا الْحَسَنُ بْنُ سُفْيَانَ، ثنا إِسْحَاقُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، وَفَيَّاضُ بْنُ زُهَيْرٍ، قَالَا: ثنا عَبْدُ الرَّزَّاقِ، أنا مَعْمَرٌ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، عَنْ أَبِي سَلَمَةَ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ قَالَ: جَاءَ ابْنَ عَبَّاسٍ رَجُلٌ فَقَالَ: رَجُلٌ تُوُفِّيَ وَتَرَكَ ابْنَتَهُ وَأُخْتَهُ لِأَبِيهِ وَأُمِّهِ، فَقَالَ: " لِلِابْنَةِ النِّصْفُ، وَلَيْسَ لِلْأُخْتِ شَيْءٌ، مَا بَقِيَ فَهُوَ لِعَصَبَتِهِ "، فَقَالَ لَهُ رَجُلٌ: فَإِنَّ عُمَرَ بْنَ الْخَطَّابِ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ قَدْ قَضَى بِغَيْرِ ذَلِكَ، جَعَلَ لِلِابْنَةِ النِّصْفَ وَلِلْأُخْتِ النِّصْفَ، قَالَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ: " أَنْتُمْ أَعْلَمُ أَمِ اللهُ؟ " قَالَ مَعْمَرٌ: فَلَمْ أَدْرِ مَا وَجْهُ ذَلِكَ، حَتَّى لَقِيتُ ابْنَ طَاوُسٍ فَذَكَرْتُ لَهُ حَدِيثَ الزُّهْرِيِّ، فَقَالَ: أَخْبَرَنِي أَبِي أَنَّهُ سَمِعَ ابْنَ عَبَّاسٍ يَقُولُ: قَالَ اللهُ تَبَارَكَ وَتَعَالَى {إِنِ امْرُؤٌ هَلَكَ لَيْسَ لَهُ وَلَدٌ وَلَهُ أُخْتٌ فَلَهَا نِصْفُ مَا تَرَكَ} [النساء: ١٧٦]، قَالَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ: فَقُلْتُمْ أَنْتُمْ لَهَا نِصْفٌ، وَإِنْ كَانَ لَهُ وَلَدٌ قَالَ الشَّيْخُ: الْمُرَادُ بِالْوَلَدِ هَا هُنَا الِابْنُ بِدَلِيلِ مَا مَضَى عَنِ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ ثُمَّ عَمَّنْ بَعْدَهُ.
It is narrated from Abu Salamah bin Abd al-Rahman (may Allah have mercy on him) that a man came to Ibn Abbas (may Allah be pleased with him) and said: "A man has died and left a daughter and a full sister." Ibn Abbas (may Allah be pleased with him) said: "The daughter gets half and the sister gets nothing; the remainder is for the agnatic heirs ('asabah)." The man said: "Sayyiduna Umar bin al-Khattab (may Allah be pleased with him) judged otherwise; he gave half to the daughter and half to the sister as well." Ibn Abbas (may Allah be pleased with him) said: "Do you know better than Allah?" Ma'mar said: I did not understand the reason for this, until I met Ibn Tawus and mentioned to him this hadith from al-Zuhri. Ibn Tawus said: My father informed me that he heard Ibn Abbas (may Allah be pleased with him) saying that Allah Almighty says: "If a man dies having no child and he has a sister, she will have half of what he left." [Surah al-Nisa: 176] Ibn Abbas (may Allah be pleased with him) said: "Yet you say that she gets half even if he has a child."
The Shaykh said: Here "child" means a son, the evidence for which is what has already been reported from the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) and also from those after him.
The Shaykh said: Here "child" means a son, the evidence for which is what has already been reported from the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) and also from those after him.
