السنن الكبرى للبيهقي
Sunan al-Kubra al-Bayhaqi
كتاب اللقطة
Book of Lost Property
باب: الجعالة
Rewards for a task (ju'alah)
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أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ الْحَافِظُ، أنبأ أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ، ثنا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ أَيُّوبَ، ثنا مُسَدَّدٌ، ثنا أَبُو عَوَانَةَ، عَنْ أَبِي بِشْرٍ، عَنْ أَبِي الْمُتَوَكِّلِ، عَنْ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ أَنَّ رَهْطًا مِنَ أَصْحَابِ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ انْطَلَقُوا فِي سَفْرَةٍ سَافَرُوهَا، فَنَزَلُوا بِحَيٍّ مِنَ أَحْيَاءِ الْعَرَبِ فَاسْتَضَافُوهُمْ، فَأَبَوْا أَنْ يُضَيِّفُوهُمْ، قَالَ: فَلُدِغَ سَيِّدُ ذَلِكَ الْحِيِّ، فَسَعَوْا لَهُ بِكُلِّ شَيْءٍ، لَا يَنْفَعُهُ شَيْءٌ، قَالَ بَعْضُهُمْ: لَوْ أَتَيْتُمْ هَؤُلَاءِ الَّذِينَ نَزَلُوا بِكُمْ؛ لَعَلَّ يَكُونُ عِنْدَ بَعْضِهِمْ مَا يَنْفَعُ صَاحِبَكُمْ، فَقَالَ بَعْضُهُمْ: أَيُّهَا الرَّهْطُ، إِنَّ سَيِّدَنَا لَدِيغٌ فَسَعَيْنَا لَهُ بِكُلِّ شَيْءٍ، فَهَلْ عِنْدَ أَحَدٍ مِنْكُمْ مَا يَنْفَعُ صَاحِبَنَا؟ فَقَالَ رَجُلٌ مِنَ الْقَوْمِ: نَعَمْ، إِنِّي لَأَرْقِي، وَلَكِنِ اسْتَضَفْنَاكُمْ فَأَبَيْتُمْ أَنْ تُضَيِّفُونَا، وَمَا أَنَا بِرَاقٍ حَتَّى تَجْعَلُوا لِي جُعْلًا، فَجَعَلُوا لَهُ قَطِيعًا مِنَ الشَّاةِ، قَالَ: فَأَتَاهُ فَقَرَأَ عَلَيْهِ أُمَّ الْكِتَابِ وَيَتْفِلُ عَلَيْهِ، حَتَّى بَرَأَ كَأَنَّهُ نَشِطَ مِنْ عِقَالٍ، قَالَ: فَأَوْفَاهُمُ الَّذِي صَالَحُوهُ عَلَيْهِ، فَقَالَ: اقْسِمُوا، فَقَالَ الَّذِي رَقَى: لَا تَفْعَلُوا؛ نَأْتِي النَّبِيَّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فَنَسْتَأْمِرُهُ، فَغَدَوْا عَلَى رَسُولِ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فَذَكَرُوا لَهُ، فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ: " مِنْ أَيْنَ عَلِمْتَ أَنَّهَا رُقْيَةٌ؟ " وَقَالَ: " أَحْسَنْتُمْ، فَاقْتَسِمُوا وَاضْرِبُوا لِي مَعَكُمْ بِسَهْمٍ " رَوَاهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي الصَّحِيحِ عَنْ أَبِي النُّعْمَانِ عَنْ أَبِي عَوَانَةَ وَأَخْرَجَهُ مُسْلِمٌ مِنْ وَجْهٍ آخَرَ عَنْ أَبِي بِشْرٍ، وَهُوَ فِي هَذَا كَالدَّلَالَةِ عَلَى أَنَّ الْجُعَلَ إِنَّمَا يَكُونُ مُسْتَحَقًّا بِالشَّرْطِ.
It is narrated from Sayyiduna Abu Sa'id (may Allah be pleased with him) that a group of the Companions of the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) set out on a journey. They stopped at one of the tribes of the Arabs and asked them for hospitality, but they refused to host them. Their chief was stung by some harmful creature. They tried everything for him, but it did not benefit him. Some of them said: If you go to these people who have stopped here (the Companions, may Allah be pleased with them), perhaps one of them has something that can benefit the chief. So some of them said: "O people of the caravan! Our chief has been stung by some harmful creature; we have tried (everything) for him. Is there anyone among you who can relieve our chief?" A man among the group said: "Yes! I can perform ruqyah, but we asked you for hospitality and you refused, so I will not perform ruqyah until you fix a payment for me." They agreed on a portion of sheep as compensation. That Companion came to him, recited Surah al-Fatihah over him and spat (lightly) on him, until he recovered as if he had been freed from a rope. They paid them in full what had been agreed. One of them said: "Divide it (the payment)," but the one who had performed the ruqyah said: "Do not do so until we go to the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) and ask him about it." In the morning they came to the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) and related the story. The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "How did you know that it is a ruqyah?" And he said: "You did well; divide it, and keep a share for me along with you."
This indicates that one becomes entitled to a payment through a stipulation.
This indicates that one becomes entitled to a payment through a stipulation.
فَأَمَّا الَّذِي أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ بْنِ مَحْمُودٍ الْأَصْبَهَانِيُّ، أنبأ أَبُو الْحَسَنِ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ بْنِ أَحْمَدَ الشَّاهِدُ، ثنا إِسْحَاقُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ أَبِي ثَابِتٍ الْعَطَّارُ الدِّمَشْقِيُّ، ثنا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ بَكْرٍ الْبَالِسِيُّ، ثنا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ كَثِيرٍ، ثنا خُصَيْفٌ، عَنْ مَعْمَرٍ، عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ دِينَارٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ قَالَ: " قَضَى رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فِي الْعَبْدِ الْآبِقِ يُوجَدُ فِي الْحَرَمِ بِعَشَرَةِ دَرَاهِمَ " فَهَذَا ضَعِيفٌ، وَالْمَحْفُوظُ حَدِيثُ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي مُلَيْكَةَ وَعَمْرِو بْنِ دِينَارٍ، قَالَا: جَعَلَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فِي الْآبِقِ يُوجَدُ خَارِجًا مِنَ الْحَرَمِ عَشَرَةَ دَرَاهِمَ. وَذَلِكَ مُنْقَطِعٌ.
It is narrated from Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Umar (may Allah be pleased with them both) that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) "ruled ten dirhams" for a runaway slave who is found in the Haram.
Ibn Abi Mulaykah and Amr bin Dinar (may Allah have mercy on them both) said that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) "fixed ten dirhams" for a runaway slave who is found outside the Haram.
The first report is weak; what is preserved (mahfuz) is the second, and it is munqati' (its chain is broken).
Ibn Abi Mulaykah and Amr bin Dinar (may Allah have mercy on them both) said that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) "fixed ten dirhams" for a runaway slave who is found outside the Haram.
The first report is weak; what is preserved (mahfuz) is the second, and it is munqati' (its chain is broken).
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْحُسَيْنِ بْنُ بِشْرَانَ الْعَدْلُ بِبَغْدَادَ، أنبأ إِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ الصَّفَّارُ، ثنا سَعْدَانُ بْنُ نَصْرٍ، ثنا مَعْمَرٌ، عَنِ الْحَجَّاجِ، عَنِ الشَّعْبِيِّ، عَنِ الْحَارِثِ، عَنْ عَلِيٍّ: " فِي جُعْلِ الْآبِقِ دِينَارٌ، قَرِيبًا أُخِذَ أَوْ بَعِيدًا " وَعَنِ الْحَجَّاجِ، عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ شُعَيْبٍ، أَنَّ سَعِيدَ بْنَ الْمُسَيِّبِ كَانَ يَقُولُ ذَلِكَ.
Sayyiduna Ali (may Allah be pleased with him) fixed one dinar (as the reward) for a runaway slave, whether he is found near or far.
And it is narrated from Amr bin Shu'ayb that Sa'id bin al-Musayyib (may Allah have mercy on him) used to say the same.
And it is narrated from Amr bin Shu'ayb that Sa'id bin al-Musayyib (may Allah have mercy on him) used to say the same.
وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ الْحَافِظُ، ثنا أَبُو نَصْرٍ الْعِرَاقِيُّ، أنبأ سُفْيَانُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ الْجَوْهَرِيُّ، ثنا عَلِيُّ بْنُ الْحَسَنِ الْهِلَالِيُّ، ثنا عَبْدُ اللهِ بْنُ الْوَلِيدِ، ثنا سُفْيَانُ، عَنْ أَبِي رَبَاحٍ، عَنْ أَبِي عَمْرٍو الشَّيْبَانِيِّ قَالَ: أَصَبْتُ غِلْمَانًا أُبَّاقًا بِالْعَيْنِ، فَأَتَيْتُ عَبْدَ اللهِ بْنَ مَسْعُودٍ فَذَكَرْتُ ذَلِكَ لَهُ، فَقَالَ: " الْأَجْرُ وَالْغَنِيمَةُ "، قُلْتُ: هَذَا الْأَجْرُ، فَمَا الْغَنِيمَةُ؟ قَالَ: " أَرْبَعُونَ دِرْهَمًا مِنْ كُلِّ رَأْسٍ " وَهَذَا أَمْثَلُ مَا رُوِيَ فِي هَذَا الْبَابِ، وَيُحْتَمَلُ أَنْ يَكُونَ عَبْدُ اللهِ عَرَفَ شَرْطَ مَالِكِهِمْ لِمَنْ رَدَّهُمْ، عَنْ كُلِّ رَأْسٍ أَرْبَعِينَ دِرْهَمًا، فَأَخْبَرَهُ بِذَلِكَ، وَاللهُ أَعْلَمُ.
Abu Amr al-Shaybani (may Allah have mercy on him) said: I found some runaway slaves. I came to Abdullah bin Mas'ud (may Allah be pleased with him) and told him, and he said: There is reward and gain. I said: The reward is there, but how is there gain? He said: Forty dirhams for each one.
This is the soundest of what has been narrated on this topic.
This is the soundest of what has been narrated on this topic.
أَخْبَرَنَا الْفَقِيهُ أَبُو الْفَتْحِ الْعُمَرِيُّ، أنبأ أَبُو الْحَسَنِ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ الْعَبْقَسِيُّ، ثنا أَبُو مُحَمَّدٍ عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللهِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللهِ بْنِ يَزِيدَ الْمُقْرِئُ، ثنا جَدِّي، ثنا سُفْيَانُ، عَنْ عَمَّارِ بْنِ رُزَيْقٍ، وَعُمَرَ بْنِ سَعِيدٍ، عَنْ رَجُلٍ مِنْ خَثْعَمٍ يُقَالُ لَهُ حَزْنٌ، عَنْ رَجُلٍ مِنْهُمْ قَالَ: جِئْتُ بِعَبْدٍ آبِقٍ مِنَ السَّوَادِ، فَانْفَلَتَ مِنِّي، فَخَاصَمُونِي إِلَى شُرَيْحٍ، فَضَمَّنَنِيهُ، قَالَ: فَرُفِعَ ذَلِكَ إِلَى عَلِيٍّ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ، فَقَالَ: " كَذَبَ شُرَيْحٌ وَأَخْطَأَ الْقَضَاءَ، يَحْلِفُ الْعَبْدُ الْأَسْوَدُ لِلْعَبْدِ الْأَحْمَرِ لَانْفَلَتَ مِنْهُ انْفِلَاتًا، ثُمَّ لَا شَيْءَ عَلَيْهِ ".
Umar bin Sa'id (may Allah have mercy on him) narrates from a man of Khath'am called Hazn that he said: I brought a runaway slave from the army, but he escaped from me as well. They brought me before Shurayh, and Shurayh held me liable. This reached Sayyiduna Ali (may Allah be pleased with him), and he said: Shurayh has spoken wrongly and erred in his judgement. The black slave will be made to swear to the red slave: if he really escaped from him, then nothing is due from him.
وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ بْنِ أَحْمَدَ الْفَارِسِيُّ، أنبأ أَبُو إِسْحَاقَ الْأَصْفَهَانِيُّ، ثنا أَبُو أَحْمَدَ بْنُ فَارِسٍ، ثنا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْمَاعِيلَ قَالَ: قَالَ لَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يُوسُفَ، عَنْ سُفْيَانَ، عَنْ حَرَمِ بْنِ بِشْرٍ، عَنْ رَجَاءِ بْنِ الْحَارِثِ، عَنْ عَلِيٍّ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ " فِي الرَّجُلِ يَجِدُ الْآبِقَ فَيَأْبَقُ مِنْهُ: لَا يَضْمَنُهُ " وَضَمَّنَهُ شُرَيْحٌ، وَنَحْنُ نَقُولُ بِقَوْلِ عَلِيٍّ إِنْ كَانَ الْآبِقُ أَبِقَ مِنْ دُونِ تَعَدِّيهِ، وَاللهُ أَعْلَمُ.
It is reported from Sayyiduna Ali (may Allah be pleased with him) concerning a man who finds a runaway slave, and then the slave runs away from him as well, that Sayyiduna Ali (may Allah be pleased with him) did not hold him liable, whereas Shurayh (may Allah have mercy on him) held him liable.
