السنن الكبرى للبيهقي
Sunan al-Kubra al-Bayhaqi
كتاب الوقف
Book of Endowments
باب: من قال: لا حبس عن فرائض الله عز وجل
Those who said: There is no endowment that keeps from the shares Allah, the Mighty and Majestic, has prescribed
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أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو نَصْرِ بْنُ قَتَادَةَ، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ الْفَارِسِيُّ، قَالَا: أنبأ أَبُو عَمْرِو بْنُ مَطَرٍ، ثنا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ عَلِيٍّ، ثنا يَحْيَى بْنُ يَحْيَى، أنبأ عَبْدُ اللهِ بْنُ لَهِيعَةَ، عَمَّنْ سَمِعَ عِكْرِمَةَ يُحَدِّثُ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ أَنَّهُ قَالَ: لَمَّا أُنْزِلَتِ الْفَرَائِضُ فِي سُورَةِ النِّسَاءِ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ: " لَا حَبْسَ بَعْدَ سُورَةِ النِّسَاءِ ".
It is narrated from Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Abbas (may Allah be pleased with them both) that when the rulings on the shares of inheritance were revealed in Surah al-Nisa, the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "There is no withholding (of property) after Surah al-Nisa."
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ الْحَارِثِ الْأَصْبَهَانِيُّ، أنبأ عَلِيُّ بْنُ عُمَرَ الْحَافِظُ، ثنا عَبْدُ اللهِ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ، ثنا كَامِلُ بْنُ طَلْحَةَ، ثنا ابْنُ لَهِيعَةَ، ثنا عِيسَى بْنُ لَهِيعَةَ، عَنْ عِكْرِمَةَ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ ابْنَ عَبَّاسٍ يَقُولُ: سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ يَقُولُ بَعْدَمَا أُنْزِلَتْ سُورَةُ النِّسَاءِ وَفُرِضَ فِيهَا الْفَرَائِضُ، يَقُولُ: " لَا حَبْسَ بَعْدَ سُورَةِ النِّسَاءِ ".
Ikrimah says: I heard Ibn Abbas (may Allah be pleased with them both) say: I heard the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him), after Surah al-Nisa was revealed and the shares of inheritance were prescribed in it, say: "There is no withholding (of property) after Surah al-Nisa."
وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ الْحَارِثِ الْفَقِيهُ، أنبأ عَلِيُّ بْنُ عُمَرَ الْحَافِظُ، ثنا عُبَيْدُ اللهِ بْنُ عَبْدِ الصَّمَدِ بْنِ الْمُهْتَدِي بِاللهِ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنِي مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الرَّحِيمِ بْنِ مُوسَى ⦗٢٦٩⦘ الصَّدَفِيُّ بِمِصْرَ، ثنا عَمْرُو بْنُ خَالِدٍ، ثنا ابْنُ لَهِيعَةَ، عَنْ أَخِيهِ عِيسَى بْنِ لَهِيعَةَ، عَنْ عِكْرِمَةَ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ: " لَا حَبْسَ عَنْ فَرَائِضِ اللهِ " قَالَ عَلِيٌّ رَحِمَهُ اللهُ: لَمْ يُسْنِدْهُ غَيْرُ ابْنِ لَهِيعَةَ عَنْ أَخِيهِ، وَهُمَا ضَعِيفَانِ قَالَ الشَّيْخُ: وَهَذَا اللَّفْظُ إِنَّمَا يُعْرَفُ مِنْ قَوْلِ شُرَيْحٍ الْقَاضِي.
It is narrated from Sayyiduna Ibn Abbas (may Allah be pleased with them both) that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "There is no withholding (of property) from the shares of inheritance that Allah has prescribed."
No one but Ibn Lahi'ah, from his brother, narrated it with a connected chain, and both of them are da'if (weak). This wording is only known as the saying of Shurayh the judge.
No one but Ibn Lahi'ah, from his brother, narrated it with a connected chain, and both of them are da'if (weak). This wording is only known as the saying of Shurayh the judge.
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْحُسَيْنِ بْنُ الْفَضْلِ الْقَطَّانُ، بِبَغْدَادَ، أنبأ عَبْدُ اللهِ بْنُ جَعْفَرِ بْنِ دَرَسْتَوَيْهِ، ثنا يَعْقُوبُ بْنُ سُفْيَانَ، ثنا أَبُو بَكْرٍ الْحُمَيْدِيُّ، ثنا سُفْيَانُ، ثنا عَطَاءُ بْنُ السَّائِبِ قَالَ: أَتَيْتُ شُرَيْحًا فِي زَمَنِ بِشْرِ بْنِ مَرْوَانَ، وَهُوَ يَوْمَئِذٍ قَاضٍ، فَقُلْتُ: يَا أَبَا أُمَيَّةَ أَفْتِنِي، فَقَالَ: يَا ابْنَ أَخِي، إِنَّمَا أَنَا قَاضٍ وَلَسْتُ بِمُفْتٍ، قَالَ: فَقُلْتُ: إِنِّي وَاللهِ مَا جِئْتُ أُرِيدُ خُصُومَةً، إِنَّ رَجُلًا مِنَ الْحِيِّ جَعَلَ دَارَهُ حَبْسًا، قَالَ عَطَاءٌ: فَدَخَلَ مِنَ الْبَابِ الَّذِي فِي الْمَسْجِدِ فِي الْمَقْصُورَةِ، فَسَمِعْتُهُ حِينَ دَخَلَ وَتَبِعْتُهُ وَهُوَ يَقُولُهُ لِحَبِيبٍ الَّذِي يُقَدِّمُ الْخُصُومَ إِلَيْهِ: " أَخْبِرِ الرَّجُلَ أَنَّهُ لَا حَبْسَ عَنْ فَرَائِضِ اللهِ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ ".
Ata' bin al-Sa'ib says: I came to Shurayh in the time of Bishr bin Marwan, and he was the judge in those days. I said: O Abu Umayyah! Give me a fatwa. He said: O my nephew! I am a judge, not a mufti. I said: I have not come with the intention of a dispute; a man of the tribe has withheld (endowed) his house. Ata' said: He entered by the door that is in the mosque, and I heard him when he entered and followed him; he was saying to Habib, who brought the dispute: Tell the man: There is no withholding (of property) from the shares of inheritance that Allah has prescribed.
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو زَكَرِيَّا يَحْيَى بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ الْمُزَكِّي، ثنا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ، ثنا أَبُو أَحْمَدَ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْوَهَّابِ، أنبأ جَعْفَرُ بْنُ عَوْنٍ، أنبأ مِسْعَرٌ، عَنْ أَبِي عَوْنٍ، عَنْ شُرَيْحٍ قَالَ: " جَاءَ مُحَمَّدٌ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ بِمَنْعِ الْحَبْسِ ".
Shurayh (may Allah have mercy on him) said: Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him) came with the prohibition of withholding (property as hubs).
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ الْحَافِظُ، وَأَبُو طَاهِرٍ الْفَقِيهُ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا بْنُ أَبِي إِسْحَاقَ، أَبُو سَعِيدِ بْنُ أَبِي عَمْرٍو، قَالُوا: ثنا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ مُحَمَّدَ بْنَ عَبْدِ اللهِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْحَكَمِ يَقُولُ: سَمِعْتُ الشَّافِعِيَّ يَقُولُ: قَالَ مَالِكٌ: " الْحَبْسُ الَّذِي جَاءَ مُحَمَّدٌ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ بِإِطْلَاقِهِ هُوَ الَّذِي فِي كِتَابِ اللهِ {مَا جَعَلَ اللهُ مِنْ بَحِيرَةٍ وَلَا سَائِبَةٍ وَلَا وَصِيلَةٍ وَلَا حَامٍ} [المائدة: ١٠٣] " قَالَ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللهِ: كَلَّمَ بِهِ مَالِكٌ أَبَا يُوسُفَ عِنْدَ أَمِيرِ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ.
Imam Malik (may Allah have mercy on him) said: The hubs (withholding) that Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him) came to abolish is the one that is in the Book of Allah: "Allah has not appointed any bahirah (a she-camel whose ear was slit), nor sa'ibah (an animal let loose when it grew old), nor wasilah (a female that bore young in succession), nor ham (a stallion camel which, on reaching a particular state, was neither ridden nor loaded)." [Surah al-Ma'idah: 103] Imam Malik (may Allah have mercy on him) discussed this with Imam Abu Yusuf (may Allah have mercy on him) in the presence of the Commander of the Believers.
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ الْحَافِظُ، أَخْبَرَنِي الْحُسَيْنُ بْنُ عَلِيٍّ التَّمِيمِيُّ، ثنا عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ أَبِي حَاتِمٍ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ مُحَمَّدَ بْنَ عَبْدِ اللهِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْحَكَمِ يَقُولُ: سَمِعْتُ الشَّافِعِيَّ يَقُولُ: اجْتَمَعَ مَالِكٌ وَأَبُو يُوسُفَ عِنْدَ أَمِيرِ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ فَتَكَلَّمَا فِي الْوُقُوفِ وَمَا يَحْبِسُهُ النَّاسُ، فَقَالَ يَعْقُوبُ: هَذَا بَاطِلٌ، قَالَ شُرَيْحٌ: جَاءَ مُحَمَّدٌ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ بِإِطْلَاقِ الْحَبْسِ، فَقَالَ مَالِكٌ: إِنَّمَا جَاءَ مُحَمَّدٌ صَلَّى الله عَلَيْهِ وآله وَسَلَّمَ بِإِطْلَاقِ مَا كَانُوا يَحْبِسُونَهُ لِآلِهَتِهِمْ مِنَ الْبَحِيرَةِ وَالسَّائِبَةِ، فَأَمَّا الْوُقُوفُ فَهَذَا وَقْفُ عُمَرَ بْنِ الْخَطَّابِ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ حَيْثُ اسْتَأْذَنَ النَّبِيَّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فَقَالَ: " احْبِسْ أَصْلَهَا وَسَبِّلْ ثَمَرَتَهَا " وَهَذَا وَقْفُ الزُّبَيْرِ. فَأَعْجَبَ الْخَلِيفَةَ ذَلِكَ مِنْهُ، وَبَقِيَ يَعْقُوبُ.
Muhammad bin Abdullah bin Abd al-Hakam says: I heard Imam al-Shafi'i (may Allah have mercy on him) say: Imam Malik and Imam Abu Yusuf gathered in the presence of the Commander of the Believers. The two of them began to discuss endowments and what people withhold. Ya'qub said: This is invalid; Shurayh said: Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him) came to break (abolish) the hubs. Malik said: Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him) came to break (abolish) the bahirah and sa'ibah that people used to withhold. As for endowing, this is the endowment of Umar bin al-Khattab (may Allah be pleased with him): he asked the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) for permission, and he (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Retain the original property and dedicate its fruit in the path of Allah." And this is the endowment of al-Zubayr. The caliph was impressed, and Ya'qub was left (without a reply).
حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ الْحَافِظُ إِمْلَاءً، ثنا عَلِيُّ بْنُ حَمْشَاذٍ الْعَدْلُ، ثنا بِشْرُ بْنُ مُوسَى، ثنا الْحُمَيْدِيُّ، ثنا سُفْيَانُ، عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ دِينَارٍ، وَعَبْدِ اللهِ بْنِ أَبِي بَكْرِ بْنِ عَمْرِو بْنِ ⦗٢٧٠⦘ حَزْمٍ، عَنْ أَبِي بَكْرِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَمْرِو بْنِ حَزْمٍ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللهِ بْنِ زَيْدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ رَبِّهِ الَّذِي أُرِيَ النِّدَاءَ، أَنَّهُ أَتَى رَسُولَ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فَقَالَ: يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ، حَائِطِي هَذَا صَدَقَةٌ، وَهُوَ إِلَى اللهِ وَرَسُولِهِ، فَجَاءَ أَبَوَاهُ فَقَالَا: يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ، كَانَ قِوَامَ عَيْشِنَا، " فَرَدَّهُ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ إِلَيْهِمَا، ثُمَّ مَاتَا فَوَرِثَهُمَا ابْنُهُمَا بَعْدُ " هَذَا مُرْسَلٌ، أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ حَزْمٍ لَمْ يُدْرِكْ عَبْدَ اللهِ بْنَ زَيْدٍ، وَرُوِيَ مِنْ أَوْجُهٍ أُخَرَ عَنْ عَبْدِ اللهِ بْنِ زَيْدٍ، كُلُّهُنَّ مَرَاسِيلُ، وَالْحَدِيثُ وَارِدٌ فِي الصَّدَقَةِ الْمُنْقَطِعَةِ، وَكَأَنَّهُ تَصَدَّقَ بِهِ صَدَقَةَ تَطَوُّعٍ، وَجَعَلَ مَصْرَفَهَا إِلَى اخْتِيَارِ رَسُولِ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ، فَتَصَدَّقَ بِهَا رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ عَلَى أَبَوَيْهِ.
Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Zayd (may Allah be pleased with him), who was shown the call to prayer (adhan) in a dream, came to the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) and said: O Messenger of Allah! This garden of mine is charity; it is for Allah and His Messenger (peace and blessings be upon him). Then his parents came and said: O Messenger of Allah! It was the means of our livelihood. So he (peace and blessings be upon him) returned it to them. Then they both died, and after that their son inherited from them.
This is mursal; Abu Bakr bin Hazm did not meet Abdullah bin Zayd. It has also been narrated through other routes from Abdullah bin Zayd, all of them mursal. The hadith concerns a charity that is not perpetual; it is as if he gave it as a voluntary charity and left its disbursement to the choice of the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him), and the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) gave it in charity to his parents.
This is mursal; Abu Bakr bin Hazm did not meet Abdullah bin Zayd. It has also been narrated through other routes from Abdullah bin Zayd, all of them mursal. The hadith concerns a charity that is not perpetual; it is as if he gave it as a voluntary charity and left its disbursement to the choice of the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him), and the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) gave it in charity to his parents.
