السنن الكبرى للبيهقي
Sunan al-Kubra al-Bayhaqi
كتاب الإجارة
Book of Hiring
باب: كسب الرجل وعمله بيديه
A man's earnings and the work of his own hands
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أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَمْرٍو مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللهِ الْأَدِيبُ، أنبأ أَبُو بَكْرٍ الْإِسْمَاعِيلِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنِي أَبُو يَحْيَى الرُّويَانِيُّ، ثنا إِبْرَاهِيمُ هُوَ ابْنُ مُوسَى الْفَرَّاءُ، أنبأ عِيسَى هُوَ ابْنُ يُونُسَ، ثنا ثَوْرٌ، عَنْ خَالِدِ بْنِ مَعْدَانَ، عَنْ مِقْدَامِ بْنِ مَعْدِ يَكْرِبَ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَالَ: " مَا أَكَلَ أَحَدٌ مِنْ بَنِي آدَمَ طَعَامًا خَيْرًا لَهُ مِنْ أَنْ يَأْكُلَ مِنْ عَمَلِ يَدَيْهِ، إِنَّ نَبِيَّ اللهِ دَاوُدَ كَانَ يَأْكُلُ مِنْ كَسْبِ يَدَيْهِ " رَوَاهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي الصَّحِيحِ عَنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ بْنِ مُوسَى.
It is reported from Sayyiduna al-Miqdam bin Ma'dikarib (may Allah be pleased with him) that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "The best food a person eats is the food he eats from the earnings of his own hand, and the Prophet of Allah Dawud (peace be upon him) used to eat from the earnings of his own hand."
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو طَاهِرٍ الْفَقِيهُ، أنبأ أَبُو بَكْرٍ الْقَطَّانُ، ثنا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ يُوسُفُ السُّلَمِيُّ، ثنا عَبْدُ الرَّزَّاقِ، أنبأ مَعْمَرٌ، عَنْ هَمَّامِ بْنِ مُنَبِّهٍ قَالَ: هَذَا مَا حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو هُرَيْرَةَ قَالَ: وَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ: " خُفِّفَ عَلَى دَاوُدَ الْقُرْآنُ، فَكَانَ يَأْمُرُ بِدَوَابِّهِ تُسْرَجُ، فَكَانَ يَقْرَأُ الْقُرْآنَ مِنْ قَبْلِ أَنَ تُسْرَجَ دَابَّتُهُ، وَكَانَ لَا يَأْكُلُ إِلَّا مِنْ عَمَلِ يَدَيْهِ " رَوَاهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي الصَّحِيحِ عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ مُوسَى عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّزَّاقِ آخِرَ الْخَبَرِ. وَرُوِيَ عَنْ عَبْدِ اللهِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ وَإِسْحَاقَ بْنِ نَصْرٍ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّزَّاقِ أَوَّلَ الْخَبَرِ. وَقَدْ رُوِّينَا عَنْ عَائِشَةَ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهَا قَالَتْ: كَانَ أَصْحَابُ رَسُولِ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَوْمًا عُمَّالَ أَنْفُسِهِمْ، وَفِي رِوَايَةٍ: كَانُوا يُعَالِجُونَ أَرَضِيهِمْ بِأَيْدِيهِمْ وَرُوِّينَا عَنْ خَبَّابِ بْنِ الْأَرَتِّ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ قَالَ: كُنْتُ قَيْنًا وَرُوِّينَا عَنْ أَنَسِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ فِي قِصَّةِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ ابْنِ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ، أَنَّهُ دَفَعَهُ إِلَى أُمِّ سَيْفٍ، امْرَأَةِ قَيْنٍ بِالْمَدِينَةِ وَعَنْ سَهْلِ بْنِ سَعْدٍ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ فِي قِصَّةِ الْمِنْبَرِ، بَعَثَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ إِلَى امْرَأَةٍ: " أَنْ مُرِي غُلَامَكِ النَّجَّارَ يَعْمَلُ لِي أَعْوَادًا أَجْلِسُ عَلَيْهِنَّ " وَعَنْ سَهْلٍ فِي الْمَرْأَةِ الَّتِي جَاءَتْ بِبُرْدَةٍ إِلَى رَسُولِ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فَقَالَتْ: يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ، إِنِّي نَسَجْتُ هَذِهِ بِيَدِي أَكْسُوكَهَا وَعَنْ أَبِي مَسْعُودٍ: كَانَ رَجُلٌ مِنَ الْأَنْصَارِ يُقَالُ لَهُ: أَبُو شُعَيْبٍ، وَكَانَ لَهُ غُلَامٌ لَحَّامٌ، وَفِي رِوَايَةٍ: قَصَّابٌ، فَقَالَ: اصْنَعْ لِي طَعَامًا أَدْعُو رَسُولَ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ وَعَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُمَا فِي قِصَّةِ تَحْرِيمِ مَكَّةَ، قَالَ الْعَبَّاسُ: يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ، إِلَّا الْإِذْخَرَ؛ لِصَاغَتِنَا وَلِسُقُفِ بُيُوتِنَا، قَالَ: " إِلَّا الْإِذْخَرَ " وَعَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ: احْتَجَمَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ وَأَعْطَى الْحَجَّامَ أَجْرَهُ، وَلَوْ عَلِمَهُ خَبِيثًا لَمْ يُعْطِهِ وَفِي كُلِّ هَذَا دَلَالَةٌ عَلَى جَوَازِ الِاكْتِسَابِ بِهَذِهِ الْحِرَفِ وَمَا فِي مَعْنَاهَا، وَقَدْ مَرَّ فِي الْكِتَابِ إِسْنَادُ كُلِّ وَاحِدٍ مِنْهَا، أَوْ سَيَمُرُّ إِنْ شَاءَ اللهُ، وَفِي الْأَحَادِيثِ الثَّلَاثَةِ دَلَالَةٌ عَلَى أَنَّ الَّذِي:.
It is narrated from Sayyiduna Abu Hurayrah (may Allah be pleased with him) that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "The recitation of the Zabur was made easy for Dawud (peace be upon him). He would order his mount to be saddled and would finish reciting the whole Zabur before it was saddled, and he ate only from the earnings of his own hands."
Sayyidah Aishah (may Allah be pleased with her) said: The Companions of the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) were people who did their own work. In one narration: they used to work their lands with their own hands. Sayyiduna Khabbab bin al-Aratt (may Allah be pleased with him) said: "I was a blacksmith." Sayyiduna Anas bin Malik (may Allah be pleased with him) said, in the story of Ibrahim, the son of the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him), that he (peace and blessings be upon him) sent Ibrahim to Umm Sayf, the wife of a blacksmith in Madinah. Sayyiduna Sahl bin Sa'd (may Allah be pleased with him) said, in the story of the pulpit, that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) sent word to a woman that she should tell her carpenter slave to make a pulpit for him to sit on. It is reported from Sayyiduna Sahl (may Allah be pleased with him) that a woman brought a cloak for the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) and said: "O Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him)! I have made it with my own hand so that I may clothe you in it." Sayyiduna Abu Mas'ud (may Allah be pleased with him) said: There was a man from the Ansar named Abu Shu'ayb, who had a slave who dealt in meat; in one narration the word is butcher. He said: "Prepare food so that I may invite the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him)." It is reported from Sayyiduna Ibn Abbas (may Allah be pleased with them both), in the story of the sanctity of Makkah, that Sayyiduna al-Abbas (may Allah be pleased with him) said: "O Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him)! Except the idhkhir (a grass), for our goldsmiths and for our roofs." He (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Let the idhkhir be excepted." It is reported from Sayyiduna Ibn Abbas (may Allah be pleased with them both) that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) had cupping done and gave the cupper his wage; had it been something foul in his view, he would not have given it. All these reports indicate that earning (by such crafts) is permissible.
Sayyidah Aishah (may Allah be pleased with her) said: The Companions of the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) were people who did their own work. In one narration: they used to work their lands with their own hands. Sayyiduna Khabbab bin al-Aratt (may Allah be pleased with him) said: "I was a blacksmith." Sayyiduna Anas bin Malik (may Allah be pleased with him) said, in the story of Ibrahim, the son of the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him), that he (peace and blessings be upon him) sent Ibrahim to Umm Sayf, the wife of a blacksmith in Madinah. Sayyiduna Sahl bin Sa'd (may Allah be pleased with him) said, in the story of the pulpit, that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) sent word to a woman that she should tell her carpenter slave to make a pulpit for him to sit on. It is reported from Sayyiduna Sahl (may Allah be pleased with him) that a woman brought a cloak for the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) and said: "O Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him)! I have made it with my own hand so that I may clothe you in it." Sayyiduna Abu Mas'ud (may Allah be pleased with him) said: There was a man from the Ansar named Abu Shu'ayb, who had a slave who dealt in meat; in one narration the word is butcher. He said: "Prepare food so that I may invite the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him)." It is reported from Sayyiduna Ibn Abbas (may Allah be pleased with them both), in the story of the sanctity of Makkah, that Sayyiduna al-Abbas (may Allah be pleased with him) said: "O Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him)! Except the idhkhir (a grass), for our goldsmiths and for our roofs." He (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Let the idhkhir be excepted." It is reported from Sayyiduna Ibn Abbas (may Allah be pleased with them both) that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) had cupping done and gave the cupper his wage; had it been something foul in his view, he would not have given it. All these reports indicate that earning (by such crafts) is permissible.
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْحَسَنِ عَلِيُّ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ عَبْدَانَ، ثنا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عُبَيْدٍ، ثنا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عِيسَى الْوَاسِطِيُّ، ثنا ابْنُ عَائِشَةَ، ثنا حَمَّادُ بْنُ سَلَمَةَ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ إِسْحَاقَ، عَنِ الْعَلَاءِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ، عَنْ أَبِي مَاجِدَةَ قَالَ: قَاتَلْتُ غُلَامًا فَجَدَعْتُ أُذُنَهُ، أَوْ جَدَعَ أُذُنِي، ⦗٢١١⦘ قَالَ: فَقَدِمَ عَلَيْنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ الصِّدِّيقُ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ، فَرُفِعْنَا إِلَيْهِ وَهُوَ خَارِجٌ، فَاخْتَصَمْنَا إِلَيْهِ، فَرَفَعَنَا إِلَى عُمَرَ بْنِ الْخَطَّابِ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ، فَقَالَ: قَدْ بَلَغَ الْقِصَاصُ، ادْعُوا لِي حَجَّامًا يَقْتَصُّ مِنْهُ مَرَّتَيْنِ أَوْ ثَلَاثًا؛ سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ يَقُولُ: " إِنِّي وَهَبْتُ لِخَالَتِي غُلَامًا أَرْجُو أَنْ يُبَارَكَ لَهَا فِيهِ، وَقُلْتُ لَهَا: لَا تُسَلِّمِيهِ حَجَّامًا وَلَا قَصَّابًا وَلَا صَائِغًا ".
It is reported from Abu Majidah (may Allah have mercy on him): I fought with a boy, and I cut off his ear, or he cut off my ear. Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him) came to us, and we were brought before him; we presented our dispute to him, and he sent us to Umar (may Allah be pleased with him). He said: This matter has reached (the level of) retaliation; call a cupper to cut (in retaliation) from him. He said two or three times: I heard the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) say: "I gave my maternal aunt a slave boy as a gift, hoping that she would be blessed in him, and I said to her: Do not hand him over to a cupper, a butcher or a goldsmith."
وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَلِيٍّ الرُّوذْبَارِيُّ، أنبأ أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ دَاسَةَ، ثنا أَبُو دَاوُدَ، ثنا مُوسَى بْنُ إِسْمَاعِيلَ، ثنا حَمَّادٌ، ثنا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ، فَذَكَرَهُ بِمَعْنَاهُ أَوْ جُزْءٍ مِنْهُ. قَالَ وَثنا أَبُو دَاوُدَ، ثنا الْفَضْلُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ، ثنا عَبْدُ الْأَعْلَى، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ إِسْحَاقَ، حَدَّثَنِي الْعَلَاءُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ الْحُرَقِيُّ، عَنْ أَبِي مَاجِدَةَ، رَجُلٌ مِنْ بَنِي سَهْمٍ، عَنْ عُمَرَ بْنِ الْخَطَّابِ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ النَّبِيَّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ يَقُولُ بِمَعْنَاهُ، مَحْمُولٌ عَلَى التَّنْزِيهِ لَا عَلَى التَّحْرِيمِ. وَأَمَّا كَسْبُ الْحَجَّامِ فَالْكَلَامُ فِيهِ مَذْكُورٌ فِي الْمُخْتَصَرِ فِي الرُّبُعِ الْأَخِيرِ، وَبِاللهِ التَّوْفِيقُ.
This is to be understood as a prohibition of tanzih (discouragement), not of tahrim (unlawfulness), and there is discussion regarding the earnings of the cupper.
أَخْبَرَنَا عَلِيُّ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ عَبْدَانَ، ثنا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عُبَيْدٍ الصَّفَّارُ، ثنا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ السَّرَّاجُ، ثنا يَحْيَى بْنُ يَحْيَى، أنبأ عَبَّادُ بْنُ كَثِيرٍ، عَنْ سُفْيَانَ الثَّوْرِيِّ، عَنْ مَنْصُورٍ، عَنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، عَنْ عَلْقَمَةَ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللهِ قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ: " طَلَبُ كَسْبِ الْحَلَالِ فَرِيضَةٌ بَعْدَ الْفَرِيضَةِ " تَفَرَّدَ بِهِ عَبَّادُ بْنُ كَثِيرٍ الرَّمْلِيُّ، وَهُوَ ضَعِيفٌ أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: قَرَأْتُ بِخَطِّ أَبِي عَمْرٍو الْمُسْتَمْلِي، سَمِعْتُ أَبَا أَحْمَدَ الْفَرَّاءَ يَقُولُ: سَمِعْتُ يَحْيَى بْنَ يَحْيَى يُسْأَلُ عَنْ حَدِيثِ عَبَّادِ بْنِ كَثِيرٍ فِي كَسْبِ الْحَلَالِ قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ، قَالَ: إِنْ كَانَ قَالَهُ.
It is reported from Sayyiduna Abdullah (may Allah be pleased with him) that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Seeking lawful earnings is an obligation after the obligation."
Only Abbad bin Kathir al-Ramli narrated it, and he is da'if (weak). When Yahya bin Yahya (may Allah have mercy on him) was asked about the hadith of Abbad bin Kathir on lawful earnings, "The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said", he said: If he (really) said it.
Only Abbad bin Kathir al-Ramli narrated it, and he is da'if (weak). When Yahya bin Yahya (may Allah have mercy on him) was asked about the hadith of Abbad bin Kathir on lawful earnings, "The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said", he said: If he (really) said it.
