The ruler is liable and the teacher pays compensation for one who dies from the ruler's discretionary punishment or the teacher's discipline

Imam al-Shafi'i (may Allah have mercy on him) says: Ta'zir (discretionary punishment) is discipline; it is not one of the hadd punishments of Allah, and it is also permissible to leave it. Do you not see that some things were done in the time of the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) that were not hadd offences, such as misappropriating spoils in the path of Allah and other things, and he did not inflict beating for them; yet a hadd case was never brought to him that he pardoned. It has also been said that Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) sent for a woman concerning something he had heard about her, and she miscarried. Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) sought counsel about it, and one man said: You are a mu'addib (one who disciplines). Sayyiduna Ali (may Allah be pleased with him) said to him: If he said this from ijtihad, he erred; and if he did not exercise ijtihad, he has deceived you. The blood money (diyah) is upon you. He (Umar) said: I adjure you not to sit until you distribute it among your people. And Sayyiduna Ali (may Allah be pleased with him) said: No one dies under a hadd punishment about whom I feel anything in my heart; the truth killed him, except one who dies under the hadd of wine, for that is something we arrived at after the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him). Whoever dies under it, his blood money is, he said, either upon the public treasury (bayt al-mal), or, he said, upon the 'aqilah (paternal kin) of the imam.

Al-Hasan (may Allah have mercy on him) says that it reached Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) that men used to visit an immoral woman. Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) sent a man to her, and the man said: Answer the summons of the Commander of the Believers. She was struck with such terror that the fright reached her womb and her child moved; she went out, labour pains seized her, and she miscarried a male fetus. This was brought to Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him); he sent for the Muhajirun, related the matter to them and asked their opinion. They said: O Commander of the Believers, we do not see anything due from you; you are only a teacher and one who disciplines. Sayyiduna Ali (may Allah be pleased with him) was among the people, and he was silent. Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) said: O Abu al-Hasan, what do you say about this? He said: If they leaned toward your inclination, they have sinned; and if this was the best of their judgement (ijtihad), they have erred. O Commander of the Believers, I hold that the blood money (diyah) is due from you. Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) said: You have spoken the truth. Go and distribute it among your people.

Sayyiduna Ali (may Allah be pleased with him) says: There is no one on whom a hadd punishment is carried out about whom I feel anything in my heart, except the wine drinker: if he dies, I would pay his blood money, because the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) did not lay it down as a sunnah.
By 'lam yasunnahu' (he did not lay it down) is meant that he did not lay down what is beyond forty up to eighty, which is what they added to its hadd by way of ta'zir (discretionary punishment). As for forty (strokes) with palm branches, sandals and the ends of garments, that is a hadd established from the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him).

Ata (may Allah have mercy on him) was asked about a teacher who beats a boy for discipline and harms him, and he said: He is liable.