السنن الكبرى للبيهقي
Sunan al-Kubra al-Bayhaqi
كتاب الضمان
Book of Guarantees
باب: ما جاء في الكفالة ببدن من عليه حق
Reports on guaranteeing the presence of one who owes a right
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أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ الْحَافِظُ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا بْنُ أَبِي إِسْحَاقَ، قَالَا: أنبأ أَبُو الْحَسَنِ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عُبْدُوسٍ، ثنا عُثْمَانُ بْنُ سَعِيدٍ، ثنا عَبْدُ اللهِ بْنُ صَالِحٍ، حَدَّثَنِي اللَّيْثُ بْنُ سَعْدٍ، ح وَأنبأ أَبُو عَمْرٍو الْأَدِيبُ، أنبأ أَبُو بَكْرٍ الْإِسْمَاعِيلِيُّ، أنبأ أَبُو بَكْرٍ الْمَرْوَزِيُّ، ثنا عَاصِمُ بْنُ عَلِيٍّ، ثنا اللَّيْثُ، حَدَّثَنِي جَعْفَرُ بْنُ رَبِيعَةَ، عَنِ الْأَعْرَجِ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، عَنْ رَسُولِ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ أَنَّهُ ذَكَرَ " أَنَّ رَجُلًا مِنْ بَنِي إِسْرَائِيلَ سَأَلَ بَعْضَ بَنِي إِسْرَائِيلَ أَنْ يُسْلِفَهُ أَلْفَ دِينَارٍ، قَالَ: ائْتِنِي بِالشُّهُودِ أُشْهِدْهُمْ عَلَيْكَ، قَالَ: كَفَى بِاللهِ شَهِيدًا، قَالَ: فَأْتِنِي بِكَفِيلٍ، قَالَ: كَفَى بِاللهِ كَفِيلًا، قَالَ: فَدَفَعَهَا إِلَيْهِ إِلَى أَجَلٍ مُسَمًّى، قَالَ: فَخَرَجَ فِي الْبَحْرِ وَقَضَى حَاجَتَهُ، ثُمَّ الْتَمَسَ مَرْكَبًا يَقْدَمُ عَلَيْهِ لِلْأَجَلِ الَّذِي أَجَّلَهُ، فَلَمْ يَجِدْ مَرْكَبًا، فَأَخَذَ خَشَبَةً فَنَقَرَهَا فَأَدْخَلَ فِيهَا الدَّنَانِيرَ، وَصَحِيفَةً مِنْهُ إِلَى صَاحِبِهَا، ثُمَّ سَدَّ مَوْضِعَهَا، ثُمَّ أَتَى بِهَا الْبَحْرَ فَقَالَ: اللهُمَّ إِنَّكَ تَعْلَمُ أَنِّي تَسَلَّفْتُ مِنْ فُلَانٍ أَلْفَ دِينَارٍ، وَسَأَلَنِي كَفِيلًا فَقُلْتُ: كَفَى بِاللهِ كَفِيلًا، فَرَضِيَ بِكَ، وَسَأَلَنِي شُهُودًا فَقُلْتُ: كَفَى بِاللهِ شَهِيدًا، فَرَضِيَ بِكَ، وَقَدْ جَهِدْتُ أَنْ أَجِدَ مَرْكَبًا أَبْعَثُ إِلَيْهِ الَّذِي لَهُ، فَلَمْ أَجِدْ مَرْكَبًا، وَإِنِّي أَسْتَوْدِعُكَهَا، فَرَمَى بِهَا فِي الْبَحْرِ حَتَّى وَلَجَتْ فِيهِ، ثُمَّ انْصَرَفَ وَهُوَ فِي ذَلِكَ يَطْلُبُ مَرْكَبًا يَخْرُجُ إِلَى بَلَدِهِ، فَخَرَجَ الرَّجُلُ الَّذِي كَانَ سَلَّفَهُ رَجَاءَ أَنْ يَكُونَ مَرْكَبٌ قَدْ جَاءَ بِمَالِهِ، وَإِذَا هُوَ بِالْخَشَبَةِ، فَأَخَذَهَا لِأَهْلِهِ حَطَبًا، فَلَمَّا كَسَرَهَا وَجَدَ الْمَالَ وَالصَّحِيفَةَ، ثُمَّ قَدِمَ الرَّجُلُ فَأَتَاهُ بِأَلْفِ دِينَارٍ، فَقَالَ: وَاللهِ مَا زِلْتُ جَاهِدًا فِي طَلَبِ مَرْكَبٍ لِآتِيَكَ بِمَالِكَ، فَمَا وَجَدْتُ مَرْكَبًا قَبْلَ الَّذِي أَتَيْتُ فِيهِ، فَقَالَ: هَلْ كُنْتَ بَعَثْتَ إِلِيَّ بِشَيْءٍ؟ قَالَ: نَعَمْ، فَإِنَّ اللهَ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ قَدْ أَدَّى عَنْكَ، فَانْصَرِفْ بِالْأَلْفِ دِينَارٍ رَاشِدًا " أَخْرَجَهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي الصَّحِيحِ فَقَالَ: وَقَالَ اللَّيْثُ.
Sayyiduna Abu Hurayrah (may Allah be pleased with him) narrates from the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) that he (peace and blessings be upon him) mentioned a man from the Children of Israel: "He asked another man of the Children of Israel to lend him a thousand dinars. He said: Bring witnesses whom I can rely on. The one asking for the loan said: Allah is sufficient as a witness. Then he said: Bring a guarantor. He said: Allah is sufficient as a guarantor too. So he lent it to him for a fixed term. Taking the loan, he set out on a sea voyage. He began searching for a vessel by which he could cross the sea and reach the lender by the fixed term that had been agreed with him, but he found no vessel. Finally he took a piece of wood, made a hole in it, placed a thousand dinars and a letter in it, sealed its opening and brought it to the sea. Then he said: O Allah, You know that I borrowed a thousand dinars from so-and-so. He asked me for a guarantor and I said: My guarantor is Allah, and he was pleased with You. He asked me for witnesses and I gave the same answer, and he was pleased with You. I have tried hard to find a vessel by which I could send his debt to him, but I could not find one, so I now entrust it to You. So he cast that wood into the sea. Now it was in the sea, and he went back, still anxious to find a ship so that he could go to his town. Meanwhile, the man who had given the loan came out looking, hoping that some ship might have brought his money, but there he found a piece of wood, and he took it as firewood for his household. When he split it open, the dinars came out of it, along with a letter. Then the borrower came to his house, gave him a thousand dinars and said: By Allah, I kept trying to find a vessel to return your money to you, but I found no vessel before the one in which I have arrived. Then the man asked: Had you sent anything to me earlier? The debtor answered: Yes. Then he said: Allah has paid off on your behalf the debt that you sent in the wood. So he went back with his thousand dinars."
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعْدٍ الْمَالِينِيُّ، أنبأ أَبُو أَحْمَدَ بْنُ عَدِيٍّ، ثنا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ حَفْصٍ، ثنا أَبُو مَعْمَرٍ إِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، ثنا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ خُثَيْمِ بْنِ عِرَاكِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ جَدِّهِ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ " حَبَسَ رَجُلًا فِي تُهْمَةٍ، وَقَالَ مَرَّةً أُخْرَى: أَخَذَ مِنْ مُتَّهَمٍ كَفِيلًا تَثَبُّتًا وَاحْتِيَاطًا " إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ خُثَيْمٍ ضَعِيفٌ.
It is narrated from Sayyiduna Abu Hurayrah (may Allah be pleased with him) that the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) detained a man on suspicion, and on another occasion took a guarantee from a suspect as a precaution.
Ibrahim bin Khuthaym is da'if (weak).
Ibrahim bin Khuthaym is da'if (weak).
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو صَالِحِ بْنُ أَبِي طَاهِرٍ، أنبأ جَدِّي يَحْيَى بْنُ مَنْصُورٍ، ثنا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ إِسْمَاعِيلَ، ثنا يَحْيَى بْنُ دُرُسْتَ بْنِ زِيَادٍ، ثنا أَبُو عَوَانَةَ، عَنْ أَبِي إِسْحَاقَ، عَنْ حَارِثَةَ بْنِ مُضَرِّبٍ قَالَ: " صَلَّيْتُ الْغَدَاةَ مَعَ عَبْدِ اللهِ بْنِ مَسْعُودٍ، فَذَكَرَ قِصَّةَ ابْنِ النَّوَّاحَةِ وَأَصْحَابِهِ وَشَهَادَتِهِمْ لمُسَيْلِمَةَ الْكَذَّابِ بِالرِّسَالَةِ، وَإِنَّ عَبْدَ اللهِ بْنَ مَسْعُودٍ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ أَمَرَ بِقَتْلِ ابْنِ النَّوَّاحَةِ، ثُمَّ إِنَّهُ اسْتَشَارَ النَّاسَ فِي أُولَئِكَ النَّفَرِ، فَقَامَ جَرِيرٌ وَالْأَشْعَثُ فَقَالَا: اسْتَتِبْهُمْ وَكَفِّلْهُمْ عَشَائِرَهُمْ، فَاسْتَتَابَهُمْ فَتَابُوا، فَكفَّلَهُمْ عَشَائِرَهُمْ " ذَكَرَهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي التَّرْجَمَةِ بِلَا إِسْنَادٍ، قَالَ الْبُخَارِيُّ: وَقَالَ أَبُو الزِّنَادِ: عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ حَمْزَةَ بْنِ عَمْرٍو الْأَسْلَمِيِّ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، أَنَّ عُمَرَ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ بَعَثَهُ مُصَدِّقًا، فَوَقَعَ رَجُلٌ عَلَى جَارِيَةِ امْرَأَتِهِ، فَأَخَذَ حَمْزَةُ مِنَ الرَّجُلِ كُفَلَاءَ حَتَّى قَدِمَ عَلَى عُمَرَ، وَكَانَ عُمَرُ قَدْ جَلَدَهُ مِائَةً، فَصَدَّقَهُمْ وَعَذَرَهُ بِالْجَهَالَةِ.
Harithah bin Mudarrib said that he prayed the morning prayer with Ibn Mas'ud (may Allah be pleased with him). He related the story of Ibn al-Nawwahah and his companions and their testifying to the messengership of Musaylimah the Liar, and that Ibn Mas'ud (may Allah be pleased with him) ordered Ibn al-Nawwahah to be killed. Then he consulted the people about that group. Jarir and al-Ash'ath (may Allah be pleased with them both) stood up and both said: Ask them to repent, and seek a guarantee for them from their clans. Then they repented, and their clans stood guarantee for them.
(b) Al-Bukhari said: Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) sent Hamzah (may Allah be pleased with him) to collect the zakah. There, a man had relations with his wife's slave girl. Hamzah (may Allah be pleased with him) took guarantors from the man until he came to Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him). Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) had already given him 100 lashes; so he accepted their word and excused him on account of ignorance.
(b) Al-Bukhari said: Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) sent Hamzah (may Allah be pleased with him) to collect the zakah. There, a man had relations with his wife's slave girl. Hamzah (may Allah be pleased with him) took guarantors from the man until he came to Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him). Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) had already given him 100 lashes; so he accepted their word and excused him on account of ignorance.
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ الْحَافِظُ، ثنا أَبُو الْوَلِيدِ الْفَقِيهُ، ثنا السَّرَّاجُ، ثنا يَعْقُوبُ الدَّوْرَقِيُّ، عَنْ هُشَيْمٍ، عَنْ مُطَرِّفٍ، عَنِ الشَّعْبِيِّ قَالَ: " لَا تَجُوزُ شَهَادَةُ الرَّجُلِ عَلَى شَهَادَةِ الرَّجُلِ فِي حَدٍّ، وَلَا كَفَالَةَ فِي حَدٍّ " وَرُوِّينَاهُ أَيْضًا عَنْ شُرَيْحٍ وَمَسْرُوقٍ وَإِبْرَاهِيمَ، وَرُوِيَ فِيهِ حَدِيثٌ بِإِسْنَادٍ ضَعِيفٍ.
It is narrated from al-Sha'bi (may Allah have mercy on him) that in a hadd (prescribed punishment) the testimony of a man upon the testimony of another man is not valid, nor is a guarantee valid in a hadd.
A hadith has also been narrated on this with a weak chain.
A hadith has also been narrated on this with a weak chain.
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو مَنْصُورٍ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عَلِيٍّ الدَّامَغَانِيُّ، وَأَبُو الْحَسَنِ عَلِيُّ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللهِ الْخُسْرَوْجِرْدِيُّ، قَالَا: أنبأ أَبُو بَكْرٍ الْإِسْمَاعِيلِيُّ، أنبأ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ الصَّفَّارُ بِبَغْدَادَ، ثنا أَبُو هَمَّامٍ الْوَلِيدُ بْنُ شُجَاعٍ، ثنا بَقِيَّةُ، حَدَّثَنِي أَبُو أَحْمَدَ الْكَلَاعِيُّ، ح وَأنبأ أَبُو سَعْدٍ الْمَالِينِيُّ، أنبأ أَبُو أَحْمَدَ بْنُ عَدِيٍّ، ثنا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَنْبَسَةَ الْحِمْصِيُّ، ثنا كَثِيرُ بْنُ عُبَيْدٍ، ثنا بَقِيَّةُ، عَنْ عُمَرَ الدِّمَشْقِيِّ، حَدَّثَنِي عَمْرُو بْنُ شُعَيْبٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ جَدِّهِ، أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَالَ: " لَا كَفَالَةَ فِي حَدٍّ " ⦗١٢٨⦘ قَالَ أَبُو أَحْمَدَ: عُمَرُ بْنُ أَبِي عُمَرَ الدِّمَشْقِيُّ مُنْكَرُ الْحَدِيثِ عَنِ الثِّقَاتِ قَالَ الشَّيْخُ: تَفَرَّدَ بِهِ بَقِيَّةُ عَنْ أَبِي مُحَمَّدٍ عُمَرَ بْنِ أَبِي عُمَرَ الْكَلَاعِيِّ، وَهُوَ مِنْ مَشَايِخِ بَقِيَّةَ الْمَجْهُولِينَ، وَرِوَايَاتُهُ مُنْكَرَةٌ وَاللهُ أَعْلَمُ.
Amr bin Shu'ayb narrates from his father, and he from his grandfather (may Allah be pleased with him), that the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "There is no guarantee in a hadd (prescribed punishment)."
Abu Ahmad (Ibn Adi) said: Umar bin Abi Umar al-Dimashqi is munkar al-hadith (his narrations are rejected) from trustworthy narrators. Baqiyyah alone narrated it from Abu Muhammad Umar bin Abi Umar al-Kala'i, who is one of Baqiyyah's majhul (unknown) teachers, and his narrations are munkar (rejected).
Abu Ahmad (Ibn Adi) said: Umar bin Abi Umar al-Dimashqi is munkar al-hadith (his narrations are rejected) from trustworthy narrators. Baqiyyah alone narrated it from Abu Muhammad Umar bin Abi Umar al-Kala'i, who is one of Baqiyyah's majhul (unknown) teachers, and his narrations are munkar (rejected).
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ الْحَافِظُ، أنبأ أَبُو الْحَسَنِ الطَّرَائِفِيُّ، ثنا عُثْمَانُ بْنُ سَعِيدٍ، ثنا نُعَيْمُ بْنُ حَمَّادٍ، ثنا ابْنُ الْمُبَارَكِ، ثنا شُعْبَةُ، عَنْ سُلَيْمَانَ الشَّيْبَانِيِّ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ حَبِيبًا الَّذِي كَانَ يُقَدِّمُ الْخُصُومَ إِلَى شُرَيْحٍ قَالَ: خَاصَمَ رَجُلٌ ابْنًا لِشُرَيْحٍ إِلَى شُرَيْحٍ كَفَلَ لَهُ بِرَجُلٍ عَلَيْهِ دَيْنٌ، فَحَبَسَهُ شُرَيْحٌ، فَلَمَّا كَانَ اللَّيْلُ قَالَ: " اذْهَبْ إِلَى عَبْدِ اللهِ بِفِرَاشٍ وَطَعَامٍ " وَكَانَ ابْنُهُ يُسَمَّى عَبْدَ اللهِ.
Sulayman al-Shaybani (may Allah have mercy on him) said: I heard Habib, who used to bring the litigants before Shurayh (may Allah have mercy on him). He said: A man brought a case against a son of Shurayh before Shurayh (may Allah have mercy on him); (the son) had stood guarantor to him for a man who owed a debt. Shurayh (may Allah have mercy on him) detained him (his own son). When night came, he said: "Take bedding and food to Abdullah." And his son was named Abdullah.
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْحُسَيْنِ بْنُ بِشْرَانَ، أنبأ إِسْمَاعِيلُ الصَّفَّارُ، ثنا سَعْدَانُ، ثنا مُعَاذٌ، عَنْ شُعْبَةَ بْنِ الْحَجَّاجِ، عَنِ الْحَكَمِ، وَحَمَّادٍ، أَنَّهُمَا قَالَا فِي رَجُلٍ تَكَفَّلَ بِنَفْسِ رَجُلٍ فَمَاتَ الرَّجُلُ، قَالَ أَحَدُهُمَا: " يَضْمَنُ الدَّرَاهِمَ "، وَقَالَ الْآخَرُ: " لَيْسَ عَلَيْهِ شَيْءٌ ".
Shu'bah bin al-Hajjaj (may Allah have mercy on him) narrates from al-Hakam and Hammad (may Allah have mercy on them both) that they both said, concerning a man who stood guarantor for the person of another man and then that man died: one of them said: He is liable for the dirhams; and the other said: Nothing is due from him.
