السنن الكبرى للبيهقي
Sunan al-Kubra al-Bayhaqi
كتاب البيوع
Book of Sales
باب: : الرجل يبيع الشيء إلى أجل ثم يشتريه بأقل
A man who sells something on deferment then buys it back for less
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أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ الْحَافِظُ، أنا خَلَفُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ الْكَرَابِيسِيُّ، ثنا صَالِحُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ، ثنا عَلِيُّ بْنُ الْجَعْدِ، ح وَأَخْبَرَنَا الشَّرِيفُ أَبُو الْفَتْحِ الْعُمَرِيُّ الْإِمَامُ، أنا أَبُو مُحَمَّدٍ عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ أَبِي شُرَيْحٍ الْأَنْصَارِيُّ، أنا أَبُو الْقَاسِمِ عَبْدُ اللهِ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ، ثنا عَلِيُّ بْنُ الْجَعْدِ، قَالَ: أنا شُعْبَةُ، عَنْ أَبِي إِسْحَاقَ، قَالَ: دَخَلَتِ امْرَأَتِي عَلَى عَائِشَةَ وَأُمِّ وَلَدٍ لِزَيْدِ بْنِ أَرْقَمَ فَقَالَتْ لَهَا أُمُّ وَلَدِ زَيْدٍ: إِنِّي بِعْتُ مِنْ زَيْدٍ عَبْدًا بِثَمَانِمِائَةٍ نَسِيئَةً وَاشْتَرَيْتُهُ مِنْهُ بِسِتِّمِائَةٍ نَقْدًا فَقَالَتْ عَائِشَةُ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهَا: " أَبْلِغِي زَيْدًا أَنْ قَدْ أَبْطَلْتَ جِهَادَكَ مَعَ رَسُولِ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ إِلَّا أَنْ تَتُوبَ، بِئْسَمَا شَرَيْتَ، وَبِئْسَ مَا اشْتَرَيْتَ " كَذَا جَاءَ بِهِ شُعْبَةُ، عَنْ طَرِيقِ الْإِرْسَالِ.
Abu Ishaq (may Allah have mercy on him) says that my wife and the umm walad of Zayd bin Arqam (may Allah be pleased with him) went to Sayyidah Aishah (may Allah be pleased with her), and the umm walad of Zayd bin Arqam said: I sold Zayd a slave for 800 dirhams on credit, then I bought him back from him for 600 dirhams in cash. Sayyidah Aishah (may Allah be pleased with her) said: Tell Zayd (may Allah be pleased with him) from me that you have nullified even the jihad you did with the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him), unless you repent. Evil is what you sold and evil is what you bought.
Shu'bah narrated it like this, by way of irsal (with a broken chain).
Shu'bah narrated it like this, by way of irsal (with a broken chain).
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو حَازِمٍ الْحَافِظُ، أنا أَبُو الْفَضْلِ بْنُ خُمَيْرَوَيْهِ، ثنا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ نَجْدَةَ، ثنا سَعِيدُ بْنُ مَنْصُورٍ، ثنا أَبُو الْأَحْوَصِ، عَنْ أَبِي إِسْحَاقَ، عَنِ الْعَالِيَةِ، قَالَتْ: كُنْتُ قَاعِدَةً عِنْدَ عَائِشَةَ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهَا فَأَتَتْهَا أُمُّ مَحَبَّةٍ فَقَالَتْ لَهَا: يَا أُمَّ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ أَكُنْتِ تَعْرِفِينَ زَيْدَ بْنَ أَرْقَمَ؟ قَالَتْ: نَعَمْ، قَالَتْ: فَإِنِّي بِعْتُهُ جَارِيَةً إِلَى عَطَائِهِ بِثَمَانِمِائَةٍ نَسِيئَةً وَإِنَّهُ أَرَادَ بَيْعَهَا فَاشْتَرَيْتُهَا مِنْهُ بِسِتِّمِائَةٍ نَقْدًا، فَقَالَتْ لَهَا: " بِئْسَ مَا اشْتَرَيْتِ وَبِئْسَ مَا اشْتَرَى أَبْلِغِي زَيْدًا أَنَّهُ قَدْ أَبْطَلَ جِهَادَهُ مَعَ رَسُولِ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ إِنْ لَمْ يَتُبْ ".
Abu Ishaq narrates from al-Aliyah that she said: I was sitting with Sayyidah Aishah (may Allah be pleased with her) when Umm Muhabbah came and said: O Mother of the Believers! Do you know Sayyiduna Zayd bin Arqam (may Allah be pleased with him)? Sayyidah Aishah (may Allah be pleased with her) said: Yes. (She said:) I sold him my slave-girl for 800 dirhams on credit, until his stipend comes, and he wanted to sell her, so I bought her from him for 600 dirhams in cash. Sayyidah Aishah (may Allah be pleased with her) said to Umm Muhabbah: Evil is what you bought and evil is what he bought. Convey my word to Zayd: if he does not repent, he has nullified even his jihad done with the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him).
وَرَوَاهُ سُفْيَانُ الثَّوْرِيُّ، عَنْ أَبِي إِسْحَاقَ، عَنِ امْرَأَتِهِ الْعَالِيَةِ أَنَّ امْرَأَةَ أَبِي السَّفَرِ بَاعَتْ جَارِيَةً لَهَا إِلَى الْعَطَاءِ مِنْ زَيْدِ بْنِ أَرْقَمَ بِثَمَانِمِائَةِ دِرْهَمٍ فَذَكَرَهُ، إِلَّا أَنَّهُ قَالَ: " بِئْسَ مَا شَرَيْتِ وَبِئْسَ مَا اشْتَرَيْتِ " وَزَادَ، قَالَتْ: أَرَأَيْتِ إِنْ لَمْ آخُذْ إِلَّا رَأْسَ مَالِي، قَالَتْ: " فَمَنْ جَاءَهُ مَوْعِظَةٌ مِنْ رَبِّهِ فَانْتَهَى فَلَهُ مَا سَلَفَ " أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو بَكْرٍ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ الْأَرْدَسْتَانِيُّ الْحَافِظُ، أنا أَبُو نَصْرٍ الْعِرَاقِيُّ، أنا سُفْيَانُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ، ثنا عَلِيُّ بْنُ الْحَسَنِ، ثنا عَبْدُ اللهِ بْنُ الْوَلِيدِ، ثنا سُفْيَانُ، فَذَكَرَهُ. كَذَا رَوَاهُ يُونُسُ بْنُ أَبِي إِسْحَاقَ، عَنْ أُمِّهِ الْعَالِيَةِ بِنْتِ أَيْفَعَ، قَالَتْ: خَرَجْتُ أَنَا وَأُمُّ مَحَبَّةَ إِلَى مَكَّةَ فَدَخَلْنَا عَلَى عَائِشَةَ فَذَكَرَهُ..
Abu Ishaq narrates from his wife al-Aliyah that the wife of Abu al-Safar sold a slave-girl to Sayyiduna Zayd bin Arqam (may Allah be pleased with him) for 800 dirhams. He mentioned (the report, saying) that she (Sayyidah Aishah, may Allah be pleased with her) said: "You have sold badly and bought badly." He added that she said: What do you think if I take my capital? Sayyidah Aishah (may Allah be pleased with her) said: "Whoever receives an admonition from his Lord and desists, then for him is what has passed" [Surah al-Baqarah: 275].
(b) Yunus bin Abi Ishaq narrates from his mother al-Aliyah bint Ayfa' that she said: Umm Muhabbah and I went to Makkah and came to Sayyidah Aishah (may Allah be pleased with her).
(b) Yunus bin Abi Ishaq narrates from his mother al-Aliyah bint Ayfa' that she said: Umm Muhabbah and I went to Makkah and came to Sayyidah Aishah (may Allah be pleased with her).
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدِ بْنُ أَبِي عَمْرٍو، ثنا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ الْأَصَمُّ، أَنَا الرَّبِيعُ بْنُ سُلَيْمَانَ، قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: قَدْ تَكُونُ عَائِشَةُ لَوْ كَانَ هَذَا ثَابِتًا عَنْهَا عَابَتْ عَلَيْهَا بَيْعًا إِلَى الْعَطَاءِ؛ لِأَنَّهُ أَجَلٌ غَيْرُ مَعْلُومٍ وَهَذَا مَا لَا نُجِيزُهُ، لَا أَنَّهَا عَابَتْ عَلَيْهَا مَا اشْتَرَتْ بِنَقْدٍ وَقَدْ بَاعَتْهُ إِلَى أَجَلٍ وَلَوِ اخْتَلَفَ بَعْضُ أَصْحَابِ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فِي شَيْءٍ، فَقَالَ بَعْضُهُمْ فِيهِ شَيْئًا، وَقَالَ غَيْرُهُ خِلَافَهُ كَانَ أَصْلُ مَا نَذْهَبُ إِلَيْهِ أَنَّا نَأْخُذُ بِقَوْلِ الَّذِي مَعَهُ الْقِيَاسُ وَالَّذِي مَعَهُ الْقِيَاسُ قَوْلُ زَيْدِ بْنِ أَرْقَمَ، قَالَ: وَجُمْلَةُ هَذَا أَنَّا لَا نُثْبِتُ مِثْلَهُ عَلَى عَائِشَةَ مَعَ أَنَّ زَيْدَ بْنَ أَرْقَمَ لَا يَبِيعُ إِلَّا مَا ⦗٥٤١⦘ يَرَاهُ حَلَالًا، وَلَا يَبْتَاعُ إِلَّا مِثْلَهُ وَلَوْ أَنَّ رَجُلًا بَاعَ شَيْئًا أَوِ ابْتَاعَهُ نَرَاهُ نَحْنُ مُحَرَّمًا وَهُوَ يَرَاهُ حَلَالًا لَمْ نَزْعُمُ أَنَّ اللهَ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ يَحْبِطُ بِهِ مِنْ عَمَلِهِ شَيْئًا.
Imam al-Shafi'i (may Allah have mercy on him) says: If this were established from Sayyidah Aishah (may Allah be pleased with her), she may have found fault with the sale (payable) at the stipend, because its term is not known, and this is something we do not permit; not that she found fault with her buying for cash what she had sold on credit. And if some of the Companions of the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) differ on a matter, our principle is that we take the view of the one who has analogy (qiyas) on his side, and the one with analogy on his side is Zayd bin Arqam (may Allah be pleased with him). In sum, we do not establish something like this against Sayyidah Aishah (may Allah be pleased with her); moreover, Zayd bin Arqam (may Allah be pleased with him) would only sell and buy what he considered lawful, and if a man sells or buys something that we consider forbidden while he considers it lawful, we do not claim that Allah, the Mighty and Majestic, nullifies any of his deeds because of it. [Sahih. Al-Shafi'i mentioned it in al-Umm: 3/95]
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ الْأَرْدَسْتَانِيُّ، ثنا أَبُو نَصْرٍ الْعِرَاقِيُّ، ثنا سُفْيَانُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ، ثنا عَلِيُّ بْنُ الْحَسَنِ، ثنا عَبْدُ اللهِ بْنُ الْوَلِيدِ، ثنا سُفْيَانُ، ثنا اللَّيْثُ، عَنْ مُجَاهِدٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ أَنَّ رَجُلًا بَاعَ مِنْ رَجُلٍ سَرْجًا وَلَمْ يَنْقُدْ ثَمَنَهُ، فَأَرَادَ صَاحِبُ السَّرْجِ الَّذِي اشْتَرَاهُ أَنْ يَبِيعَهُ فَأَرَادَ الَّذِي بَاعَهُ أَنْ يَأْخُذَهُ بِدُونِ مَا بَاعَهُ مِنْهُ، فَسَأَلَ عَنْ ذَلِكَ ابْنَ عُمَرَ فَلَمْ يَرَ بِهِ بَأْسًا وَقَالَ ابْنُ عُمَرَ: " فَلَعَلَّهُ لَوْ بَاعَهُ مِنْ غَيْرِهِ بَاعَهُ بِذَلِكَ الثَّمَنِ أَوْ أَنْقَصَ ".
Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Umar (may Allah be pleased with them both) says that a man sold a saddle to someone, and he did not pay its price in cash. Then the one who had bought the saddle wanted to sell it, and the one who had sold it wanted to take it back for less than what he had sold it to him for. Sayyiduna Ibn Umar (may Allah be pleased with them both) was asked about that, and he saw no harm in it, and he said: Perhaps if he sold it to someone else, he would sell it for that price or less.
