السنن الكبرى للبيهقي
Sunan al-Kubra al-Bayhaqi
كتاب الصيام
Book of Fasting
باب: جواز الفطر في السفر القاصد دون القصير
Breaking the fast is permitted on a long journey, not a short one
Toggle above to switch between keyword search and direct hadith lookup
قَالَ اللهُ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ {فَمَنْ كَانَ مِنْكُمْ مَرِيضًا أَوْ عَلَى سَفَرٍ فَعِدَّةٌ مِنْ أَيَّامٍ أُخَرَ} [البقرة: 184].
Allah, the Mighty and Majestic, says: "So whoever among you is ill or on a journey, then (let him fast) an equal number of other days." [Surah al-Baqarah: 184]
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو زَكَرِيَّا بْنُ أَبِي إِسْحَاقَ الْمُزَكِّي، فِي آخَرِينَ، قَالُوا: ثنا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ ⦗٤٠٥⦘ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ، أنبأ الرَّبِيعُ بْنُ سُلَيْمَانَ، أنبأ الشَّافِعِيُّ، أنبأ مَالِكٌ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، ح وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ الْحَافِظُ، أنبأ أَبُو الْحَسَنِ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَبْدُوسٍ، ثنا عُثْمَانُ بْنُ سَعِيدٍ، ثنا الْقَعْنَبِيُّ، فِيمَا قَرَأَ عَلَى مَالِكٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ، عَنْ عُبَيْدِ اللهِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللهِ بْنِ عُتْبَةَ بْنِ مَسْعُودٍ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللهِ بْنِ عَبَّاسٍ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ خَرَجَ إِلَى مَكَّةَ عَامَ الْفَتْحِ فِي رَمَضَانَ، فَصَامَ حَتَّى بَلَغَ الْكَدِيدَ، ثُمَّ أَفْطَرَ وَأَفْطَرَ النَّاسُ مَعَهُ، وَكَانُوا يَأْخُذُونَ بِالْأَحْدَثِ فَالْأَحْدَثِ مِنْ أَمْرِ رَسُولِ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ رَوَاهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي الصَّحِيحِ عَنْ عَبْدِ اللهِ بْنِ يُوسُفَ عَنْ مَالِكٍ، وَأَخْرَجَاهُ مِنْ حَدِيثِ سُفْيَانَ بْنِ عُيَيْنَةَ عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ.
Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Abbas (may Allah be pleased with them both) narrated that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) set out for Makkah in Ramadan in the year of the Conquest, fasting; when he (peace and blessings be upon him) reached al-Kadid, he broke his fast, and the people broke their fast with him. And they used to take the most recent, then the next most recent, of the commands of the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him).
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ الْحَافِظُ، أنبأ أَبُو الْفَضْلِ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، ثنا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ سَلَمَةَ، ثنا إِسْحَاقُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، وَمُحَمَّدُ بْنُ رَافِعٍ، وَمُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى، قَالَ إِسْحَاقُ: أنبأ، وَقَالَا: ثنا عَبْدُ الرَّزَّاقِ، أنبأ مَعْمَرٌ، قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ الزُّهْرِيَّ، يَقُولُ: أَخْبَرَنِي عُبَيْدُ اللهِ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللهِ بْنِ عُتْبَةَ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ خَرَجَ فِي رَمَضَانَ مِنَ الْمَدِينَةِ وَمَعَهُ عَشَرَةُ آلَافٍ مِنَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ وَذَلِكَ عَلَى رَأْسِ ثَمَانِ سِنِينَ وَنِصْفٍ مِنْ مَقْدَمِهِ الْمَدِينَةَ، فَسَارَ بِمَنْ مَعَهُ مِنَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ إِلَى مَكَّةَ يَصُومُ وَيَصُومُونَ حَتَّى بَلَغَ الْكَدِيدَ وَهُوَ بَيْنَ عُسْفَانَ وَقُدَيْدٍ فَأَفْطَرَ وَأَفْطَرَ الْمُسْلِمُونَ مَعَهُ فَلَمْ يَصُومُوا بَقِيَّةَ رَمَضَانَ شَيْئًا قَالَ الزُّهْرِيُّ: فَكَانَ الْفِطْرُ آخِرَ الْأَمْرَيْنِ، وَإِنَّمَا يُؤْخَذُ مِنْ أَمْرِ رَسُولِ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ الْآخِرُ فَالْآخِرُ، قَالَ الزُّهْرِيُّ: فَصَبَّحَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ مَكَّةَ لِثَلَاثَ عَشْرَةَ لَيْلَةً خَلَتْ مِنْ رَمَضَانَ. رَوَاهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي الصَّحِيحِ عَنْ مَحْمُودِ بْنِ غَيْلَانَ عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّزَّاقِ، وَرَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ رَافِعٍ.
Sayyiduna Ibn Abbas (may Allah be pleased with them both) said that the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) set out from Madinah in Ramadan with ten thousand Muslims, and that was at the completion of eight and a half years after his arrival in Madinah. He (peace and blessings be upon him) and the Muslims with him travelled while fasting, and when they reached the place called al-Kadid, which is between Usfan and Qudayd, he (peace and blessings be upon him) broke his fast and the Muslims broke their fast too. Then they did not fast for the rest of Ramadan.
Imam al-Zuhri (may Allah have mercy on him) said: Breaking the fast was the last of the two commands, and it was the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) who commanded it, and it is the last that is acted upon. Imam al-Zuhri (may Allah have mercy on him) said: Then the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) reached Makkah in the morning, when thirteen nights of Ramadan had passed.
Imam al-Zuhri (may Allah have mercy on him) said: Breaking the fast was the last of the two commands, and it was the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) who commanded it, and it is the last that is acted upon. Imam al-Zuhri (may Allah have mercy on him) said: Then the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) reached Makkah in the morning, when thirteen nights of Ramadan had passed.
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَلِيٍّ الرُّوذْبَارِيُّ، أنبأ أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ دَاسَةَ، ثنا أَبُو دَاوُدَ، ثنا عَبْدُ اللهِ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ النُّفَيْلِيُّ، ح وَأنبأ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ الْحَافِظُ، أنبأ أَبُو سَعِيدٍ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ الثَّقَفِيُّ، ثنا أَبُو شُعَيْبٍ عَبْدُ اللهِ بْنُ الْحَسَنِ الْحَرَّانِيُّ، ثنا عَبْدُ اللهِ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ النُّفَيْلِيُّ، ثنا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْحَمِيدِ الْمَدَنِيُّ، قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ حَمْزَةَ بْنَ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ حَمْزَةَ بْنِ عَمْرٍو الْأَسْلَمِيَّ، يَذْكُرُ أَنَّ أَبَاهُ أَخْبَرَهُ، عَنْ جَدِّهِ حَمْزَةَ بْنِ عَمْرٍو، قَالَ: قُلْتُ: يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ، إِنِّي صَاحِبُ ظَهْرٍ أُعَالِجُهُ، أُسَافِرُ عَلَيْهِ وَأُكْرِيهِ، وَأَنَّهُ رُبَّمَا صَادَفَنِي هَذَا الشَّهْرُ، يَعْنِي شَهْرَ رَمَضَانَ، وَأَنَا أَجِدُ الْقُوَّةَ وَأَنَا شَابٌّ، وَأَجِدُنِي أَنْ أَصُومَ يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ، أَهْوَنُ عَلَيَّ مِنْ أَنْ أُؤَخِّرَهُ فَيَكُونَ دَيْنًا، أَفَأَصُومُ يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ أَعْظَمَ لِأَجْرِي أَوْ أُفْطِرُ؟ قَالَ: " أِيَّ ذَلِكَ شِئْتَ يَا حَمْزَةُ " ⦗٤٠٦⦘ لَفْظُ حَدِيثِ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللهِ، وَفِي رِوَايَةِ الرُّوذْبَارِيِّ: " أِيَّ ذَلِكَ شِئْتَ يَا حَمْزَةُ " وَفِي هَذَا دَلَالَةٌ عَلَى جَوَازِ الْفِطْرِ فِي السَّفَرِ الْمُبَاحِ.
Sayyiduna Hamzah bin Amr (may Allah be pleased with him) said: I said: O Messenger of Allah, I am an owner of riding animals; I look after them, travel on them and hire them out. Sometimes this month comes upon me, and I have strength and I am young. O Messenger of Allah, fasting is easier for me than delaying it so that it remains a debt upon me. O Messenger of Allah, shall I fast, which is greater for my reward, or shall I break the fast? He (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "O Hamzah, whichever of those you wish."
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو نَصْرٍ عُمَرُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ بْنِ عُمَرَ بْنِ قَتَادَةَ، أنبأ أَبُو عَمْرِو بْنُ مَطَرٍ، أنبأ أَبُو عِمْرَانَ مُوسَى بْنُ سَهْلٍ الْجَوْنِيُّ، ثنا ابْنُ زُغْبَةَ يَعْنِي عِيسَى بْنَ حَمَّادِ بْنِ زُغْبَةَ، ثنا اللَّيْثُ، عَنْ يَزِيدَ بْنِ أَبِي حَبِيبٍ، عَنْ أَبِي الْخَيْرِ، عَنْ مَنْصُورٍ الْكَلْبِيِّ، أَنَّ دِحْيَةَ بْنَ خَلِيفَةَ خَرَجَ مِنْ قَرْيَةٍ بِدِمَشْقَ إِلَى قَدْرِ قَرْيَةِ عُقْبَةَ مِنَ الْفُسْطَاطِ، وَذَلِكَ ثَلَاثَةُ أَمْيَالٍ فِي رَمَضَانَ، ثُمَّ إِنَّهُ أَفْطَرَ وَأَفْطَرَ مَعَهُ أُنَاسٌ، فَكَرِهَ ذَلِكَ آخَرُونَ، فَلَمَّا رَجَعَ إِلَى قَرْيَتِهِ قَالَ: وَاللهِ، لَقَدْ رَأَيْتُ أَمْرًا مَا كُنْتُ أَظُنُّ أَنِّي أَرَاهُ، أَنَّ قَوْمًا رَغِبُوا عَنْ هَدْيِ رَسُولِ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ وَأَصْحَابِهِ، يَقُولُ ذَلِكَ لِلَّذِينَ صَامُوا، ثُمَّ قَالَ عِنْدَ ذَلِكَ: اللهُمَّ اقْبِضْنِي إِلَيْكَ قَالَ اللَّيْثُ: الْأَمْرُ الَّذِي اجْتَمَعَ النَّاسُ عَلَيْهِ أَنْ لَا يَقْصُرُوا الصَّلَاةَ وَلَا يُفْطِرُوا إِلَّا فِي مَسِيرَةِ أَرْبَعَةِ بُرُدٍ، فِي كُلِّ بَرِيدٍ اثْنَا عَشَرَ مِيلًا قَالَ الشَّيْخُ: قَدْ رُوِّينَا فِي كِتَابِ الصَّلَاةِ مَا دَلَّ عَلَى هَذَا عَنْ عَبْدِ اللهِ بْنِ عَبَّاسٍ وَعَبْدِ اللهِ بْنِ عُمَرَ، وَالَّذِي رُوِّينَا عَنْ دِحْيَةَ الْكَلْبِيِّ إِنْ صَحَّ ذَلِكَ فَكَأَنَّهُ ذَهَبَ فِيهِ إِلَى ظَاهِرِ الْآيَةِ فِي الرُّخْصَةِ فِي السَّفَرِ، وَأَرَادَ بِقَوْلِهِ: رَغِبُوا عَنْ هَدْيِ رَسُولِ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ وَأَصْحَابِهِ، أَيْ فِي قَبُولِ الرُّخْصَةِ، لَا فِي تَقْدِيرِ السَّفَرِ الَّذِي أَفْطَرَ فِيهِ، وَاللهُ أَعْلَمُ.
Mansur al-Kalbi said that Dihyah bin Khalifah (may Allah be pleased with him) set out from his village in Damascus, and that was three miles away; this journey was in Ramadan. Then he broke his fast and people broke their fast with him, while some others disliked it. When he returned to his village he said: "By Allah, I have seen a matter I never thought I would see: I have seen people turning away from the way of the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him), and from the way of his Companions as well." He said this about those who had fasted. Then he said: "O Allah, take me to Yourself." Al-Layth said: What people have agreed upon is that they do not shorten the prayer nor break the fast except on a journey of four burud; in each barid there are twelve miles.
The Shaykh said: We have narrated in the Book of Prayer, from Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Abbas and Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Umar (may Allah be pleased with them), what indicates this. As for what is narrated from Dihyah al-Kalbi, if it is authentic, then it is as though he followed the apparent meaning of the verse granting the concession on a journey, and by his saying 'they turned away from the way of the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) and his Companions' he meant in accepting the concession, not in the estimation of the journey in which he broke his fast. And Allah knows best.
The Shaykh said: We have narrated in the Book of Prayer, from Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Abbas and Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Umar (may Allah be pleased with them), what indicates this. As for what is narrated from Dihyah al-Kalbi, if it is authentic, then it is as though he followed the apparent meaning of the verse granting the concession on a journey, and by his saying 'they turned away from the way of the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) and his Companions' he meant in accepting the concession, not in the estimation of the journey in which he broke his fast. And Allah knows best.
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَلِيٍّ الرُّوذْبَارِيُّ، أنبأ أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ دَاسَةَ، ثنا أَبُو دَاوُدَ، ثنا مُسَدَّدٌ، ثنا الْمُعْتَمِرُ، عَنْ عُبَيْدِ اللهِ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ أَنَّهُ كَانَ يَخْرُجُ إِلَى الْغَابَةِ فَلَا يُفْطِرُ وَلَا يَقْصُرُ.
Nafi' narrated from Sayyiduna Ibn Umar (may Allah be pleased with them both) that he would go out to the forest (al-Ghabah), yet he would neither break his fast nor shorten the prayer.
