السنن الكبرى للبيهقي
Sunan al-Kubra al-Bayhaqi
كتاب الصيام
Book of Fasting
باب: الحامل والمرضع إذا خافتا على ولديهما أفطرتا وتصدقتا عن كل يوم بمد حنطة ثم قضتا
A pregnant or nursing woman who fears for her child breaks the fast, gives a mudd of wheat in charity for each day, then makes it up
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أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ الْحَافِظُ، وَأَبُو سَعِيدِ بْنُ أَبِي عَمْرٍو، قَالَا: ثنا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ، ثنا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ مَرْزُوقٍ، ثنا رَوْحُ بْنُ عُبَادَةَ، ثنا سَعِيدُ بْنُ أَبِي عَرُوبَةَ، ح وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْحُسَيْنِ بْنُ بِشْرَانَ الْعَدْلُ بِبَغْدَادَ، أنبأ أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَمْرٍو الرَّزَّازُ، ثنا إِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ الْفَسَوِيُّ، ثنا مَكِّيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، أَخْبَرَنِي سَعِيدُ بْنُ أَبِي عَرُوبَةَ، عَنْ قَتَادَةَ، عَنْ عَزْرَةَ، عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ جُبَيْرٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ: " رُخَّصَ لِلشَّيْخِ الْكَبِيرِ، وَالْعَجُوزِ الْكَبِيرَةِ فِي ذَلِكَ وَهُمَا يُطِيقَانِ الصَّوْمَ أَنْ يُفْطِرَا إِنْ شَاءَا، وَيُطْعِمَا مَكَانَ كُلِّ يَوْمٍ مِسْكِينًا، ثُمَّ نُسِخَ ذَلِكَ فِي هَذِهِ الْآيَةِ {فَمَنْ شَهِدَ مِنْكُمُ الشَّهْرَ فَلْيَصُمْهُ} [البقرة: ١٨٥]، وَثَبِتَ لِلشَّيْخِ الْكَبِيرِ وَالْعَجُوزِ الْكَبِيرَةِ إِذَا كَانَا لَا يُطِيقَانِ الصَّوْمَ، وَالْحَامِلِ وَالْمُرْضِعِ إِذَا خَافَتَا أَفْطَرَتَا وَأَطْعَمَتَا مَكَانَ كُلِّ يَوْمٍ مِسْكِينًا " لَفْظُ حَدِيثِ مَكِّيٍّ، وَفِي رِوَايَةِ رَوْحٍ: وَالْحُبْلَى وَالْمُرْضِعِ إِذَا خَافَتَا، وَالْبَاقِي سَوَاءٌ.
Sa'id bin Jubayr (may Allah have mercy on him) reports that Ibn Abbas (may Allah be pleased with them both) said: A concession was given in this to the elderly man and the elderly woman, even though both of them were able to fast: they were permitted to break the fast and, if they wished, to feed a poor person in place of each day. Then this permission was abrogated by this verse: "So whoever among you witnesses the month, let him fast it" [Surah al-Baqarah: 185]. Then the permission remained for the elderly man and woman when they are unable to fast; and the pregnant woman and the nursing woman, when they feel fear, may break the fast and feed a poor person in place of each day. In one narration the word "hubla" (pregnant) is used.
وَرَوَاهُ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ أَبِي عَدِيٍّ، عَنْ سَعِيدٍ، فَقَالَ فِي الْحَدِيثِ: " وَالْحُبْلَى وَالْمُرْضِعِ إِذَا خَافَتَا عَلَى أَوْلَادِهِمَا أَفْطَرَتَا وَأَطْعَمَتَا " أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَلِيٍّ الرُّوذْبَارِيُّ، أنبأ أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ دَاسَةَ، ثنا أَبُو دَاوُدَ، ثنا أَبُو الْمُثَنَّى، ثنا ابْنُ أَبِي عَدِيٍّ، عَنْ سَعِيدٍ فَذَكَرَهُ.
Muhammad bin Abi Adi (may Allah have mercy on him) reports from Sa'id (may Allah have mercy on him) that he said in the hadith: "The pregnant woman and the nursing woman, when they fear for their children, may break the fast and feed the poor."
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو زَكَرِيَّا بْنُ أَبِي إِسْحَاقَ الْمُزَكِّي، وَأَبُو سَعِيدِ بْنُ أَبِي عَمْرٍو، وَغَيْرُهُمَا، قَالُوا ثنا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ، أنبأ الرَّبِيعُ بْنُ سُلَيْمَانَ، أنبأ الشَّافِعِيُّ، أنبأ مَالِكٌ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، أَنَّ ابْنَ عُمَرَ سُئِلَ عَنِ الْمَرْأَةِ الْحَامِلِ إِذَا خَافَتْ عَلَى وَلَدِهَا، فَقَالَ: " تُفْطِرُ وَتُطْعِمُ مَكَانَ كُلِّ يَوْمٍ مِسْكِينًا مُدًّا مِنْ حِنْطَةٍ" زَادَ أَبُو سَعِيدٍ فِي حَدِيثِهِ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: قَالَ مَالِكٌ: وَأَهْلُ الْعِلْمِ يَرَوْنَ عَلَيْهَا مَعَ ذَلِكَ الْقَضَاءَ، قَالَ مَالِكٌ: عَلَيْهَا الْقَضَاءُ؛ لِأَنَّ اللهَ تَعَالَى يَقُولُ: فَمَنْ كَانَ مِنْكُمْ مَرِيضًا أَوْ عَلَى سَفَرٍ فَعِدَّةٌ مِنْ أَيَّامٍ أُخَرَ. قَالَ الشَّيْخُ: وَقَدْ رَوَى أَنَسُ بْنُ عِيَاضٍ عَنْ جَعْفَرِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ لَبِيبَةَ أَوِ ابْنِ أَبِي لَبِيبَةَ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللهِ بْنِ عَمْرِو بْنِ عُثْمَانَ أَنَّ امْرَأَةً صَامَتْ حَامِلًا فَاسْتَعْطَشَتْ فِي رَمَضَانَ، فَسُئِلَ عَنْهَا ابْنُ عُمَرَ، فَأَمَرَهَا أَنْ تُفْطِرَ وَتُطْعِمَ كُلَّ يَوْمٍ مِسْكِينًا مُدًّا، ثُمَّ لَا يُجْزِئُهَا، فَإِذَا صَحَّتْ قَضَتْهُ، ذَكَرَهُ أَبُو عُبَيْدٍ فِي كِتَابِ النَّاسِخِ وَالْمَنْسُوخِ عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي مَرْيَمَ عَنْ أَنَسِ بْنِ عِيَاضٍ. وَهَذَا قَوْلُ مُجَاهِدٍ: تُفْطِرُ، وَتُطْعِمُ، وَتَقْضِي، وَفِي رِوَايَةِ قَتَادَةَ عَنِ الْحَسَنِ الْبَصْرِيِّ: تُفْطِرَانِ وَتَقْضِيَانِ. وَفِي رِوَايَةِ يُونُسَ بْنِ عُبَيْدٍ عَنِ الْحَسَنِ: الْمُرْضِعُ إِذَا خَافَتْ أَفْطَرَتْ وَأَطْعَمَتْ، وَالْحَامِلُ إِذَا خَافَتْ عَلَى نَفْسِهَا أَفْطَرَتْ وَقَضَتْ كَالْمَرِيضِ.
Nafi' (may Allah have mercy on him) said that Ibn Umar (may Allah be pleased with them both) was asked about the pregnant woman when she fears for her child. He said: She should break the fast and feed a poor person a mudd of wheat in place of each day. And al-Hasan (may Allah have mercy on him) said: The nursing woman, when she fears, breaks the fast and feeds a poor person; but the pregnant woman, when she fears for herself, breaks the fast and makes it up, like a sick woman.
(Imam al-Shafi'i (may Allah have mercy on him) and Malik (may Allah have mercy on him) say, and the people of knowledge also say, that she must make it up, because Allah Almighty says: "So whoever among you is ill or on a journey, then an equal number of other days" [Surah al-Baqarah: 184]. The Shaykh says that Anas bin Iyad (may Allah have mercy on him) reported from Abdullah bin Amr bin Uthman that a pregnant woman fasted in Ramadan and became very thirsty; Ibn Umar (may Allah be pleased with them both) was asked about her, and he ordered her to break the fast and to feed a poor person a mudd for each day, and that this would not suffice her: when she became well, she was to make it up.)
(Imam al-Shafi'i (may Allah have mercy on him) and Malik (may Allah have mercy on him) say, and the people of knowledge also say, that she must make it up, because Allah Almighty says: "So whoever among you is ill or on a journey, then an equal number of other days" [Surah al-Baqarah: 184]. The Shaykh says that Anas bin Iyad (may Allah have mercy on him) reported from Abdullah bin Amr bin Uthman that a pregnant woman fasted in Ramadan and became very thirsty; Ibn Umar (may Allah be pleased with them both) was asked about her, and he ordered her to break the fast and to feed a poor person a mudd for each day, and that this would not suffice her: when she became well, she was to make it up.)
