السنن الكبرى للبيهقي
Sunan al-Kubra al-Bayhaqi
كتاب الزكاة
Book of Zakah
باب: ما ورد في إرضاء المصدق
Reports on satisfying the zakah collector
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أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدِ بْنُ أَبِي عَمْرٍو، فِي آخَرِينَ قَالُوا: ثنا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ أنبأ الرَّبِيعُ بْنُ سُلَيْمَانَ، أنبأ الشَّافِعِيُّ، أنبأ سُفْيَانُ، عَنْ دَاوُدَ بْنِ أَبِي هِنْدٍ، عَنِ الشَّعْبِيِّ، عَنْ جَرِيرِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللهِ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ: " إِذَا أَتَاكُمُ الْمُصَدِّقُ فَلَا يُفَارِقْكُمْ إِلَّا عَنْ رِضًا ". قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ يَعْنِي وَاللهُ أَعْلَمُ أَنْ يُوَفُّوهُ طَائِعِينَ وَلَا يَلْوُوهُ لَا أَنْ يُعْطُوهُ مِنْ أَمْوَالِهِمْ مَا لَيْسَ عَلَيْهِمْ، فَبِهَذَا يَأْمُرُهُمْ وَيَأْمُرُ الْمُصَدِّقَ، وَهَذَا الَّذِي قَالَهُ الشَّافِعِيُّ رَحِمَهُ اللهُ مُحْتَمَلٌ لَوْلَا مَا فِي رِوَايَةِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ هِلَالٍ الْعَبْسِيِّ مِنَ الزِّيَادَةِ.
Sayyiduna Jarir bin Abdullah (may Allah be pleased with him) said that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "When the zakah collector comes to you, let him not part from you until he is pleased (give such wealth that he is pleased with)."
Imam al-Shafi'i (may Allah have mercy on him) said: Allah knows best, but it means that they should pay him in full, willingly, and not put him off; not that they should give him from their wealth what is not due from them. It is this that he commands them and commands the collector. And what Imam al-Shafi'i (may Allah have mercy on him) said would be plausible, were it not for the addition in the narration of Abd al-Rahman bin Hilal al-Absi.
Imam al-Shafi'i (may Allah have mercy on him) said: Allah knows best, but it means that they should pay him in full, willingly, and not put him off; not that they should give him from their wealth what is not due from them. It is this that he commands them and commands the collector. And what Imam al-Shafi'i (may Allah have mercy on him) said would be plausible, were it not for the addition in the narration of Abd al-Rahman bin Hilal al-Absi.
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَلِيٍّ الرُّوذْبَارِيُّ، أنبأ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ بَكْرٍ، أنبأ أَبُو دَاوُدَ، ثنا أَبُو كَامِلٍ، ثنا عَبْدُ الْوَاحِدِ بْنُ زِيَادٍ، قَالَ: ح وَحَدَّثَنَا عُثْمَانُ بْنُ أَبِي شَيْبَةَ، ثنا عَبْدُ الرَّحِيمِ بْنُ سُلَيْمَانَ، وَهَذَا حَدِيثُ أَبِي كَامِلٍ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ أَبِي إِسْمَاعِيلَ، ثنا عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ هِلَالٍ الْعَبْسِيُّ، عَنْ جَرِيرِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللهِ قَالَ: جَاءَ نَاسٌ يَعْنِي مِنَ الْأَعْرَابِ إِلَى رَسُولِ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فَقَالُوا: إِنَّ نَاسًا مِنَ الْمُصَدِّقِينَ يَأْتُونَا وَيَظْلِمُونَا قَالَ: " أَرْضُوا مُصَدِّقِيكُمْ "، قَالُوا: يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ وَإِنْ ظَلَمُونَا؟ قَالَ: " أَرْضُوا مُصَدِّقِيكُمْ ". زَادَ عُثْمَانُ: وَإِنْ ظُلِمْتُمْ. وَقَالَ أَبُو كَامِلٍ فِي حَدِيثِهِ قَالَ جَرِيرٌ: مَا صَدَرَ عَنِّي مُصَدِّقٌ بَعْدَ مَا سَمِعْتُ هَذَا مِنْ رَسُولِ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ إِلَّا وَهُوَ عَنِّي رَاضٍ. رَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ عَنْ أَبِي كَامِلٍ وَعَنْ أَبِي بَكْرِ بْنِ أَبِي شَيْبَةَ عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّحِيمِ.
Sayyiduna Jarir bin Abdullah (may Allah be pleased with him) said: Some Bedouins came to the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) and said: "O Messenger of Allah, some collectors come to us who treat us unjustly." He (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Please your collectors." They said: "O Messenger of Allah, even if they wrong us?" He (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Please your collectors." Uthman added: "Even if you are wronged." Abu Kamil said in his narration that Jarir (may Allah be pleased with him) said: After I heard this from the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him), no collector left me except that he was pleased with me.
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو نَصْرِ بْنُ قَتَادَةَ، أنبأ أَبُو الْحَسَنِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْحَسَنِ السَّرَّاجُ ثنا مُطَيَّنٌ، ثنا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ طَرِيفٍ، ثنا حَفْصُ بْنُ غِيَاثٍ، عَنْ عَاصِمٍ، عَنْ أَبِي عُثْمَانَ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ: " إِذَا أَتَاكَ الْمُصَدِّقُ فَأَعْطِهِ صَدَقَتَكَ فَإِنِ اعْتَدَى عَلَيْكَ فَوَلِّهِ ظَهْرَكَ وَلَا تَلْعَنْهُ وَقُلِ اللهُمَّ إِنِّي أَحْتَسِبُ عِنْدَكَ مَا أَخَذَ مِنِّي ". وَفِي هَذَا كَالدِّلَالَةِ عَلَى أنَّهُ رَأَى الصَّبْرَ عَلَى تَعَدِّيهِمْ، وَكَذَلِكَ فِي حَدِيثِ جَابِرِ بْنِ عَتِيكٍ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ خَلُّوا بَيْنَهُمْ وَبَيْنَ مَا يَبْتَغُونَ فَإِنْ عَدَلُوا فَلِأَنْفُسِهِمْ وَإِنْ ظَلَمُوا فَعَلَيْهَا، وَقَدْ مَضَى فِي بَابِ الِاخْتِيَارِ فِي دَفْعِ الصَّدَقَةِ إِلَى الْوَالِي، وَقَدْ رُوِيَ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ أَخْبَارٌ كَثِيرَةٌ فِي الصَّبْرِ عَلَى ظُلْمِ الْوُلَاةِ، وَذَلِكَ مَحْمُولٌ عَلَى أنَّهُ أُمِرَ بِالصَّبْرِ عَلَيْهِ إِذَا عَلِمَ أنَّهُ لَا يَلْحَقُهُ غَوْثٌ وَأَنَّ مَنْ وَلَّاهُ لَا يَقْبِضُ عَلَى يَدَيْهِ فَإِذَا كَانَ يُمْكِنُهُ الدَّفْعُ أَوْ كَانَ يَرْجُو غَوْثًا.
Sayyiduna Abu Hurayrah (may Allah be pleased with him) said that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "When the zakah collector comes, give him the zakah. If he transgresses against you, turn away from him, but do not curse him; rather say: 'Allahumma inni ahtasibu 'indaka ma ukhidha minni' (O my Allah, I seek from You alone the reward for what has been taken from me)."
In a hadith he (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Leave them to what they seek; if they act justly, it is for their own good, and if they do wrong, (the punishment) will be upon them."
Many hadiths have come from the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) about patience with (the injustice of) rulers, and this too is understood to mean that he (peace and blessings be upon him) commanded patience when one knows that no help will come and that the hand of the one in authority cannot be restrained, as long as repelling it is not possible or there is no hope of help.
In a hadith he (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Leave them to what they seek; if they act justly, it is for their own good, and if they do wrong, (the punishment) will be upon them."
Many hadiths have come from the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) about patience with (the injustice of) rulers, and this too is understood to mean that he (peace and blessings be upon him) commanded patience when one knows that no help will come and that the hand of the one in authority cannot be restrained, as long as repelling it is not possible or there is no hope of help.
فَقَدْ أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ الْحَافِظُ، أنبأ أَبُو بَكْرٍ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ الْفَقِيهُ، أنبأ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ بْنِ مِلْحَانَ، ثنا عَمْرُو بْنُ خَالِدٍ الْحَرَّانِيُّ، ثنا عُبَيْدُ اللهِ بْنُ عَمْرٍو الرَّقِّيُّ، عَنْ زَيْدِ بْنِ أَبِي أُنَيْسَةَ، عَنِ الْقَاسِمِ بْنِ عَوْفٍ الشَّيْبَانِيِّ، عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ الْحُسَيْنِ، قَالَ: حَدَّثَتْنَا أُمُّ سَلَمَةَ، أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ بَيْنَمَا هُوَ فِي بَيْتِهَا وَعِنْدَهُ رِجَالٌ مِنْ أَصْحَابِهِ يَتَحَدَّثُونَ إِذْ جَاءَ رَجُلٌ فَقَالَ: يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ، كَمْ صَدَقَةُ كَذَا وَكَذَا مِنَ التَّمْرِ؟ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ: " كَذَا وَكَذَا " فَقَالَ الرَّجُلُ: إِنَّ فُلَانًا تَعَدَّى عَلَيَّ فَأَخَذَ مِنِّي كَذَا وَكَذَا فَازْدَادَ صَاعًا، فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ: " فَكَيْفَ إِذَا سَعَى عَلَيْكُمْ مَنْ يَتَعَدَّى عَلَيْكُمْ أَشَدَّ مِنْ هَذَا التَّعَدِّي؟ " فَخَاضَ النَّاسُ وَبَهَرَ الْحَدِيثُ حَتَّى قَالَ رَجُلٌ مِنْهُمْ: يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ إِنْ كَانَ رَجُلًا غَائِبًا عَنْكَ فِي إِبِلِهِ وَمَاشِيَتِهِ وَزَرْعِهِ، فَأَدَّى زَكَاةَ مَالِهِ فَتَعَدَّى عَلَيْهِ الْحَقُّ فَكَيْفَ يَصْنَعُ وَهُوَ غَائِبٌ عَنْكَ؟ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ: " مَنْ أَدَّى زَكَاةَ مَالِهِ طَيِّبَ النَّفْسِ بِهَا يُرِيدُ بِهِ وَجْهَ اللهِ وَالدَّارَ الْآخِرَةَ لَمْ يُغِيِّبْ شَيْئًا مِنْ مَالِهِ وَأَقَامَ الصَّلَاةَ فَتَعَدَّى عَلَيْهِ الْحَقُّ فَأَخَذَ سِلَاحَهُ فَقَاتَلَ فَقُتِلَ فَهُوَشَهِيدٌ ".
Sayyidah Umm Salamah (may Allah be pleased with her) said: Once he (peace and blessings be upon him) was at home, and some Companions were sitting with him (peace and blessings be upon him) talking, when suddenly a man came and said: "O Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him), how much is the zakah on such-and-such amount of dates?" The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) told him: "Such-and-such." Then the man said: "So-and-so transgressed against me; he took such-and-such amount of zakah and took one sa' extra." The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "How will it be when there are those over you who transgress even more than this?" The people became engrossed in this matter and the discussion grew, until a man asked: "O Messenger of Allah, if someone is far from you, among his camels, livestock and fields, and he keeps paying the zakah of his wealth, then he is wronged in his due, what should he do when he is far from you?" The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Whoever pays the zakah of his wealth willingly, seeking only the pleasure of Allah and the Hereafter, hides nothing of his wealth and establishes the prayer, then he is wronged, and he takes up his weapon, fights and is killed, he is a martyr."
