السنن الكبرى للبيهقي
Sunan al-Kubra al-Bayhaqi
كتاب الزكاة
Book of Zakah
باب: السن التي تؤخذ في الغنم
The age of the animal taken in the zakah of sheep
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قَدْ مَضَى فِي حَدِيثِ مُسْلِمِ بْنِ شُعْبَةَ عَنْ سَعْرِ بْنِ دَيْسَمٍ عَنْ رَسُولَيْ رَسُولِ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ أَنَّهُمَا قَالَا فِي الشَّاةِ الَّتِي أَعْطَاهُمَا: هَذِهِ شَافِعٌ وَقَدْ نَهَانَا رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ أَنْ نَأْخُذَ شَافِعًا، وَالشَّافِعُ الَّتِي فِي بَطْنِهَا وَلَدُهَا، قَالَ: فَقُلْتُ: أِيَّ شَيْءٍ تَأْخُذَانِ؟ قَالَا: عَنَاقًا جَذَعَةً أَوْ ثَنِيَّةً قَالَ: فَأَخْرَجْتُ إِلَيْهِمَا عَنَاقًا قَالَا: ارْفَعْهَا إِلَيْنَا فَتَنَاوَلَاهَا فَحَمَلَاهَا عَلَى بَعِيرِهِمَا ⦗169⦘.
The hadith of Muslim bin Shu'bah from Sa'r bin Daysam, from the two envoys of the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him), has already passed, in which the two of them said about the sheep that was given to them: "This is a shafi', and the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) has forbidden us to take a shafi'." A shafi' is a female carrying her young in her belly. Sa'r said: So I asked: "Then what will you two take?" They said: "An 'anaq jadha'ah (a one-year-old female kid) or a thaniyyah (a two-year-old goat)." Sa'r said: So I brought out an 'anaq (female kid) to them. They said: "Lift it up to us." So they took hold of it and loaded it onto their camel.
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْحَسَنِ بْنُ عَبْدَانَ أنبأ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عُبَيْدٍ الصَّفَّارُ ثنا الْحَارِثُ بْنُ أَبِي أُسَامَةَ ثنا رَوْحُ بْنُ عُبَادَةَ ثنا زَكَرِيَّا بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ ثنا عَمْرُو بْنُ أَبِي سُفْيَانَ حَدَّثَنِي مُسْلِمُ بْنُ شُعْبَةَ، فَذَكَرَهُ إِلَّا أَنَّ شَيْخَنَا لَمْ يُثْبِتِ اسْمَ سَعْرِ بْنِ دَيْسَمٍ.
Amr bin Abi Sufyan (may Allah have mercy on him) said: Muslim bin Shu'bah (may Allah have mercy on him) narrated the hadith to me in the same way, except that our shaykh did not record the name Sa'r bin Daysam.
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو زَكَرِيَّا بْنُ أَبِي إِسْحَاقَ الْمُزَكِّي فِي آخَرِينَ قَالُوا: ثنا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ، أنبأ الرَّبِيعُ بْنُ سُلَيْمَانَ، أنبأ الشَّافِعِيُّ، أنبأ سُفْيَانُ بْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ، ثنا بِشْرُ بْنُ عَاصِمٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، أَنَّ عُمَرَ اسْتَعْمَلَ أَبَاهُ سُفْيَانَ بْنَ عَبْدِ اللهِ عَلَى الطَّائِفِ وَمَخَالِيفِهَا، فَخَرَجَ مُصَدِّقًا فَاعْتَدَّ عَلَيْهِمْ بِالْغِذَاءِ وَلَمْ يَأْخُذْهُ مِنْهُمْ فَقَالُوا لَهُ: إِنْ كُنْتَ مُعْتَدًّا عَلَيْنَا بِالْغِذَاءِ فَخُذْهُ مِنَّا فَأَمْسَكَ حَتَّى لَقِيَ عُمَرَ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ فَقَالَ لَهُ: اعْلَمْ أَنَّهُمْ يَزْعُمُونَ أَنَّا نَظْلِمُهُمْ نَعْتَدُّ عَلَيْهِمْ بِالْغِذَاءِ وَلَا نَأْخُذُهُ مِنْهُمْ فَقَالَ لَهُ عُمَرُ: " فَاعْتَدَّ عَلَيْهِمْ بِالْغِذَاءِ حَتَّى بِالسَّخْلَةِ يَرُوُحُ بِهَا الرَّاعِي عَلَى يَدِهِ، وَقُلْ لَهُمْ لَا آخُذُ مِنْكُمُ الرُّبَّى وَلَا الْمَاخِضَ وَلَا ذَاتَ الدَّرِّ وَلَا الشَّاةَ الْأَكُولَةَ وَلَا فَحْلَ الْغَنَمِ، وَخُذِ الْعَنَاقَ الْجَذَعَةَ وَالثَّنِيَّةَ، فَذَلِكَ عَدْلٌ بَيْنَ غِذَاءِ الْمَالِ وَخِيَارِهِ ".
Bishr bin Asim narrates from his father that Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) appointed his father, Sufyan bin Abdullah (may Allah be pleased with him), as governor over Ta'if and its surrounding districts, and he went out to collect zakah. He counted their young lambs against them but did not take them from them, so they said: If you count the young lambs against us, then take them from us. So he held back until he met Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) and said: Know that they claim that we wrong them by counting the young lambs against them while not taking them from them. Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) said to him: Count the young lambs against them, even the newborn that the shepherd brings carrying it on his hand, and tell them: I do not take from you the ewe that has just given birth, nor the pregnant one, nor the milking one, nor the sheep fattened for eating, nor the stud of the flock; and take the jadha'ah kid (less than a year old) and the thaniyyah, for that is fairness between the young of the wealth and its best.
وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو أَحْمَدَ الْمِهْرَجَانِيُّ، أنبأ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ جَعْفَرٍ الْمُزَكِّي، ثنا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ الْعَبْدِيُّ، ثنا ابْنُ بُكَيْرٍ، ثنا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ ثَوْرِ بْنِ زَيْدٍ الدِّيلِيِّ، عَنِ ابْنٍ لِعَبْدِ اللهِ بْنِ سُفْيَانَ الثَّقَفِيِّ، عَنْ جَدِّهِ سُفْيَانَ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللهِ أَنَّ عُمَرَ بْنَ الْخَطَّابِ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ بَعَثَهُ مُصْدِقًا وَكَانَ يَعُدُّ عَلَى النَّاسِ بِالسَّخْلِ، فَقَالُوا: أَتَعُدُّ عَلَيْنَا بِالسَّخْلِ وَلَا تَأْخُذُ مِنْهُ شَيْئًا؟ فَلَمَّا قَدِمَ عَلَى عُمَرَ بْنِ الْخَطَّابِ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ ذَكَرَ ذَلِكَ لَهُ فَقَالَ عُمَرُ بْنُ الْخَطَّابِ: " نَعَمْ نَعُدُّ عَلَيْهِمْ بِالسَّخْلَةِ يَحْمِلُهَا الرَّاعِي وَلَا نَأْخُذُهَا وَلَا نَأْخُذُ الْأَكُولَةَ وَلَا الرُّبَّى وَلَا الْمَاخِضَ وَلَا فَحْلَ الْغَنَمِ، وَنَأْخُذُ الْجَذَعَةَ وَالثَّنِيَّةَ وَذَلِكَ عَدْلٌ بَيْنَ غِذَاءِ الْمَالِ وَخِيَارِهِ ".
Sayyiduna Sufyan bin Abdullah (may Allah be pleased with him) narrates that Sayyiduna Umar bin al-Khattab (may Allah be pleased with him) sent him as a collector, and he used to count the people's lambs against them. They said: Do you count even our lambs, but take none of them? When he came to Sayyiduna Umar bin al-Khattab (may Allah be pleased with him), he mentioned this, whereupon Sayyiduna Umar bin al-Khattab (may Allah be pleased with him) said: Yes, we will count their young, even the one the shepherd carries, but we will not take it; nor will we take the sheep fattened for eating, nor the one with young, nor the pregnant one, nor the stud of the flock; rather we will take sheep of jadha'ah or thaniyyah age, and that is fairness between the young of the wealth and its best.
