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السنن الكبرى للبيهقي
Sunan al-Kubra al-Bayhaqi
كتاب الزكاة
Book of Zakah
جماع أبواب صدقة الغنم السائمة -- باب: كيف فرض صدقة الغنم
Collected chapters on the zakah of grazing sheep -- Chapter: How the zakah of sheep was made obligatory
Bayhaqi 7299 — Collected chapters on the zakah of grazing sheep
اُردوEn
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو نَصْرٍ عُمَرُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ بْنِ عُمَرَ بْنِ قَتَادَةَ الْأَنْصَارِيُّ أنبأ أَبُو الْحَسَنِ عَلِيُّ بْنُ الْفَضْلِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَقِيلٍ الْخُزَاعِيُّ، أنبأ أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ مُطَيَّنٌ، ثنا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْمُثَنَّى الْعَنَزِيُّ، ثنا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللهِ يَعْنِي الْأَنْصَارِيَّ، حَدَّثَنِي أَبِي، عَنْ ثُمَامَةَ، قَالَ حَدَّثَنِي أَنَسُ بْنُ مَالِكٍ، أَنَّ أَبَا بَكْرٍ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ لَمَّا اسْتُخْلِفَ بَعَثَهُ إِلَى الْبَحْرَيْنِ وَكَتَبَ لَهُ هَذَا الْكِتَابَ: بِسْمِ اللهِ الرَّحْمَنِ الرَّحِيمِ هَذِهِ فَرِيضَةُ الصَّدَقَةِ الَّتِي فَرَضَ اللهُ عَلَى الْمُسْلِمِينَ الَّتِي أَمَرَ بِهَا رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ، فَمَنْ سُئِلَهَا مِنَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ عَلَى وَجْهِهَا فَلْيُعْطِهَا، وَمَنْ سُئِلَ فَوْقَهَا فَلَا يُعْطِهَا. فَذَكَرَ الْحَدِيثَ فِي فَرْضِ الْإِبِلِ وَمَا بَيْنَ أَسْنَانِهَا ثُمَّ قَالَ: وَصَدَقَةُ الْغَنَمِ فِي سَائِمَتِهَا فَإِذَا كَانَتْ أَرْبَعِينَ إِلَى عِشْرِينَ وَمِائَةٍ فَفِيهَا شَاةٌ، فَإِذَا زَادَتْ عَلَى عِشْرِينَ وَمِائَةٍ إِلَى أَنْ تَبْلُغَ مِائَتَيْنِ فَفِيهَا شَاتَانِ، فَإِذَا زَادَتْ عَلَى مِائَتَيْنِ إِلَى ثَلَاثِمِائَةٍ فَفِيهَا ثَلَاثُ شِيَاهٍ، فَإِذَا زَادَتْ عَلَى ثَلَاثِمِائَةٍ فَفِي كُلِّ مِائَةٍ شَاةٌ وَلَا يُؤْخَذُ فِي الصَّدَقَةِ هَرِمَةٌ وَلَا ذَاتُ عَوَارٍ وَلَا تَيْسٌ إِلَّا أَنْ يَشَاءَ الْمُصَدِّقُ وَلَا يُجْمَعُ بَيْنَ مُتَفَرِّقٍ وَلَا يُفَرَّقُ بَيْنَ مُجْتَمِعٍ خَشْيَةَ الصَّدَقَةِ، وَمَا كَانَ مِنْ خَلِيطَيْنِ فَإِنَّهُمَا يَتَرَاجَعَانِ بَيْنَهُمَا بِالسَّوِيَّةِ، فَإِذَا كَانَتْ سَائِمَةُ الرَّجُلِ نَاقِصَةً مِنَ أَرْبَعِينَ شَاةً فَلَيْسَ فِيهَا صَدَقَةٌ إِلَّا أَنْ يَشَاءَ رَبُّهَا رَوَاهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي الصَّحِيحِ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللهِ الْأَنْصَارِيِّ وَقَدْ مَضَى سَائِرُ طُرُقِ هَذَا الْحَدِيثِ وَمَضَى فِي كِتَابِ رَسُولِ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ الَّذِي كَانَ عِنْدَ آلِ عُمَرَ بْنِ الْخَطَّابِ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ نَحْوُ هَذَا وَأَبْيَنُ مِنْ ذَلِكَ قَالَ فِيهِ: فَإِذَا كَانَتْ شَاةً وَمِائَتَيْنِ فَفِيهَا ثَلَاثُ شِيَاهٍ حَتَّى تَبْلُغَ ثَلَاثَمِائَةٍ، فَإِذَا زَادَتْ عَلَى ثَلَاثِمِائَةِ شَاةٍ فَلَيْسَ فِيهَا إِلَّا ثَلَاثُ شِيَاهٍ حَتَّى تَبْلُغَ أَرْبَعَمِائَةِ شَاةٍ، فَإِذَا بَلَغَتْ أَرْبَعَمِائَةِ شَاةٍ فَفِيهَا أَرْبَعُ شِيَاهٍ حَتَّى تَبْلُغَ خَمْسَمِائَةٍ، فَإِذَا بَلَغَتْ خَمْسَمِائَةِ شَاةٍ فَفِيهَا خَمْسُ شِيَاهٍ، ثُمَّ ذَكَرَهَا هَكَذَا مِائَةً مِائَةً حَتَّى بَلَغَ أَلْفًا، قَالَ: ثُمَّ فِي كُلِّ مَا زَادَتْ مِائَةَ شَاةٍ شَاةٌ.
Sayyiduna Anas bin Malik (may Allah be pleased with him) said that when Sayyiduna Abu Bakr al-Siddiq (may Allah be pleased with him) became caliph, he sent him to Bahrain and gave him this document: "Bismillahir-Rahmanir-Rahim" (In the name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful). "This is the scale of the obligatory zakah which Allah has made obligatory upon the Muslims and which the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) commanded. Whoever among the Muslims is asked for it accordingly should pay just that, and whoever is asked for more than that should not give it." Then he narrated the hadith on the zakah of camels and described their ages, then said: "The zakah of grazing sheep is as follows: when the sheep number from forty to one hundred and twenty, there is one sheep; when they exceed one hundred and twenty and reach two hundred, there are two sheep; then up to three hundred, three sheep; and when they exceed three hundred, there is one sheep in every hundred. In zakah, an old animal, a defective one or a billy goat (stud) is not to be taken, unless the collector chooses to take it. Those grazing separately are not to be combined, and those together are not to be separated, for fear of zakah. Those who are partners will settle between themselves equally. And when a man's sheep are fewer than forty, there is no zakah on them, unless their owner wishes to give willingly."
And the document that was with the family of Sayyiduna Umar bin al-Khattab (may Allah be pleased with him) was similar, and in it this is stated somewhat more clearly, namely: when the sheep number two hundred and one, there are three sheep, up to three hundred; when there is one sheep more than three hundred, there will still be only three sheep up to four hundred; when they complete four hundred, there will be four sheep up to five hundred; and when the sheep reach five hundred, there will be five sheep. Then he mentioned it in the same way, hundred by hundred, up to a thousand: for whatever exceeds by a hundred, there will be one sheep for every hundred.
And the document that was with the family of Sayyiduna Umar bin al-Khattab (may Allah be pleased with him) was similar, and in it this is stated somewhat more clearly, namely: when the sheep number two hundred and one, there are three sheep, up to three hundred; when there is one sheep more than three hundred, there will still be only three sheep up to four hundred; when they complete four hundred, there will be four sheep up to five hundred; and when the sheep reach five hundred, there will be five sheep. Then he mentioned it in the same way, hundred by hundred, up to a thousand: for whatever exceeds by a hundred, there will be one sheep for every hundred.
