باب: ما يستحب للإمام من حض الناس على الخير وأمرهم بالتوبة والتقرب إلى الله عز وجل بنوافل الخير في خطبة الخسوف
It is recommended for the imam in the eclipse sermon to urge the people to good and command them to repent and draw near to Allah, the Mighty and Majestic, with voluntary good deeds
6 hadith
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Sayyiduna Abu Musa (may Allah be pleased with him) said: The sun was eclipsed in the time of the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him). He (peace and blessings be upon him) rose in alarm, fearing (peace and blessings be upon him) that it might be the Hour itself. He (peace and blessings be upon him) came to the mosque and led a prayer with long standing, bowing and prostration. I had never seen him (peace and blessings be upon him) do so in any prayer. Then he (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "These are signs of Allah; they do not appear because of anyone's death or life, but Allah sends them to frighten His servants by them. When you see anything of this, then hasten to the remembrance of Allah, to supplicating Him and seeking His forgiveness."
Hadith Referenceالسنن الكبرى للبيهقي / كتاب صلاة الخسوف / 6363
Hisham narrates from his father, and he from Sayyidah Aishah (may Allah be pleased with her), that the sun was eclipsed in the time of the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him). Then she mentioned a long hadith about the prayer. She said: Then he (peace and blessings be upon him) turned away, and the sun had become bright. He (peace and blessings be upon him) praised and extolled Allah and said: "The sun and the moon are signs of Allah; they are not eclipsed because of anyone's life or death. When you see either of them, proclaim the greatness of Allah, supplicate to Allah, pray and give charity. O Ummah of Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him)! There is no one more jealous (ghayrah) than Allah that His male servant or His female servant should commit fornication. O Ummah of Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him)! If you knew what I know, you would weep much and laugh little. Have I not conveyed the message?"
(b) Hisham bin Urwah narrates from his father, and he from Sayyidah Aishah (may Allah be pleased with her), that she narrated similarly from the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him). In this hadith it says that when you see it: "Supplicate to Allah, pray, give charity and free slaves."
Hadith Referenceالسنن الكبرى للبيهقي / كتاب صلاة الخسوف / 6364
(a) Asma bint Abi Bakr (may Allah be pleased with her) said that the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) ordered this, that is, "the freeing of slaves."
The wording about freeing slaves in the narration of Hisham from his father from Aishah is gharib (unusual); the well-known version is from Hisham from Fatimah bint al-Mundhir from Asma bint Abi Bakr.
Hadith Referenceالسنن الكبرى للبيهقي / كتاب صلاة الخسوف / 6365
Fatimah bint al-Mundhir narrates from Asma bint Abi Bakr (may Allah be pleased with her) that the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) "ordered the freeing of slaves at the time of an eclipse."
Hadith Referenceالسنن الكبرى للبيهقي / كتاب صلاة الخسوف / 6366
Abd al-Aziz bin Muhammad (may Allah have mercy on him), mentioning it with a similar chain, said that the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) ordered "the freeing of slaves" when the sun was eclipsed.
Hadith Referenceالسنن الكبرى للبيهقي / كتاب صلاة الخسوف / 6367