السنن الكبرى للبيهقي
Sunan al-Kubra al-Bayhaqi
كتاب صلاة العيدين
Book of the Two Eid Prayers
باب: التكبير ليلة الفطر ويوم الفطر وإذا غدا إلى صلاة العيدين
The takbir on the night of Eid al-Fitr, on the day of Eid al-Fitr, and when setting out for the Eid prayers
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قَالَ اللهُ جَلَّ ثَنَاؤُهُ فِي شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ {وَلِتُكْمِلُوا الْعِدَّةَ وَلِتُكَبِّرُوا اللهَ عَلَى مَا هَدَاكُمْ} [البقرة: 185].
Allah, exalted be His praise, says regarding the month of Ramadan: "And so that you complete the number (of days) and magnify Allah for having guided you." [Surah al-Baqarah: 185]
قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: سَمِعْتُ مَنْ أَرْضَى مِنْ أَهْلِ الْعِلْمِ بِالْقُرْآنِ يَقُولُ: " فَتُكْمِلُوا عِدَّةَ صَوْمِ شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ وَتُكَبِّرُوا اللهَ عِنْدَ إِكْمَالِهِ عَلَى مَا هَدَاكُمْ، وَإِكْمَالُهُ مَغِيبُ الشَّمْسِ مِنْ آخِرِ يَوْمٍ مِنْ أَيَّامِ شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ ". أَخْبَرَنَا بِذَلِكَ أَبُو سَعِيدِ بْنُ أَبِي عَمْرٍو، ثنا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ أنبأ الرَّبِيعُ، عَنِ الشَّافِعِيِّ.
Imam al-Shafi'i (may Allah have mercy on him) said: I heard one of the people of knowledge of the Qur'an whom I approve of say: "That you complete the count of the fast of the month of Ramadan and magnify Allah upon its completion for having guided you; and its completion is the setting of the sun on the last day of the month of Ramadan."
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ الْحَارِثِ الْفَقِيهُ الْأَصْبَهَانِيُّ، أنبأ أَبُو مُحَمَّدِ بْنُ حَيَّانَ، ثنا ابْنُ أَبِي عَاصِمٍ، ثنا ابْنُ مُصَفَّى، حَدَّثَنِي يَحْيَى بْنُ سَعِيدٍ الْعَطَّارُ ثِقَةٌ، عَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ، عَنْ عُبَيْدِ اللهِ بْنِ عُمَرَ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ: " أَنَّهُ كَانَ يُكَبِّرُ لَيْلَةَ الْفِطْرِ حَتَّى يَغْدُوَ إِلَى الْمُصَلَّى ". ذِكْرُ اللَّيْلَةِ فِيهِ غَرِيبٌ.
Nafi' narrates from Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Umar (may Allah be pleased with them both) that he used to say the takbir on the night of Eid al-Fitr and while going out (to the prayer ground). The mention of the night in it is gharib (unusual).
وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ الْحَافِظُ، أنبأ أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ الْفَقِيهُ، أنبأ أَبُو الْمُثَنَّى، ثنا مُسَدَّدٌ، ثنا يَحْيَى يَعْنِي ابْنَ سَعِيدٍ الْقَطَّانَ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَجْلَانَ، حَدَّثَنِي نَافِعٌ، " أَنَّ ابْنَ عُمَرَ كَانَ يَغْدُو إِلَى الْعِيدِ مِنَ الْمَسْجِدِ وَكَانَ يَرْفَعُ صَوْتَهُ بِالتَّكْبِيرِ حَتَّى يَأْتِيَ الْمُصَلَّى، وَيُكَبِّرُ حَتَّى يَأْتِيَ الْإِمَامُ ". ⦗٣٩٥⦘ وَرَوَاهُ ابْنُ إِدْرِيسَ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَجْلَانَ وَقَالَ: يَوْمَ الْفِطْرِ وَالْأَضْحَى " وَهَذَا هُوَ الصَّحِيحُ. مَوْقُوفٌ وَقَدْ رُوِيَ مِنْ وَجْهَيْنِ ضَعِيفَيْنِ مَرْفُوعًا، أَمَّا أَمْثَلُهُمَا.
Nafi' narrates from Sayyiduna Ibn Umar (may Allah be pleased with them both) that on the morning of Eid al-Fitr he would go out from the mosque to the Eid, saying the takbir in a loud voice; he would keep saying it until he reached the prayer ground, and would keep saying the takbir until the imam came.
This (as Ibn Umar's own practice, mawquf) is the correct version; it has also been narrated as the Prophet's own practice (marfu') through two weak chains.
This (as Ibn Umar's own practice, mawquf) is the correct version; it has also been narrated as the Prophet's own practice (marfu') through two weak chains.
فَأَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو حَازِمٍ الْحَافِظُ، أنبأ أَبُو بَكْرٍ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ بْنِ خُزَيْمَةَ، ثنا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ وَهْبٍ، ثنا عَمِّي، ثنا عَبْدُ اللهِ بْنُ عُمَرَ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللهِ بْنِ عُمَرَ " أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ كَانَ يَخْرُجُ فِي الْعِيدَيْنِ مَعَ الْفَضْلِ بْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، وَعَبْدِ اللهِ، وَالْعَبَّاسِ، وَعَلِيٍّ، وَجَعْفَرٍ، وَالْحَسَنِ، وَالْحُسَيْنِ، وَأُسَامَةَ بْنِ زَيْدٍ، وَزَيْدِ بْنِ حَارِثَةَ، وَأَيْمَنَ بْنِ أُمِّ أَيْمَنَ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُمْ رَافِعًا صَوْتَهُ بِالتَّهْلِيلِ وَالتَّكْبِيرِ، فَيَأْخُذُ طَرِيقَ الْحَدَّادِينِ حَتَّى يَأْتِيَ الْمُصَلَّى، وَإِذَا فَرَغَ رَجَعَ عَلَى الْحَذَّائِينَ حَتَّى يَأْتِيَ مَنْزِلَهُ ".
Nafi' narrates from Abdullah bin Umar (may Allah be pleased with them both) that the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) used to go out on the two Eids with al-Fadl bin Abbas, Abdullah bin Abbas, al-Abbas, Ali, Ja'far, al-Hasan, al-Husayn, Usamah bin Zayd, Zayd bin Harithah and Ayman bin Umm Ayman (may Allah be pleased with them), raising his voice with takbir and tahlil. He would take the road of the blacksmiths until he reached the prayer ground, and when he had finished he would return by way of the shoemakers until he reached his house.
وَأَمَّا أَضْعَفُهُمَا فَأَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ الْحَافِظُ، أنبأ أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللهِ الْبَغْدَادِيُّ، ثنا عَبْدُ اللهِ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ خُنَيْسٍ الدِّمَشْقِيُّ، ثنا مُوسَى بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَطَاءٍ، ثنا الْوَلِيدُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ، ثنا الزُّهْرِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنِي سَالِمُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللهِ، أَنَّ عَبْدَ اللهِ بْنَ عُمَرَ أَخْبَرَهُ: " أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ كَانَ يُكَبِّرُ يَوْمَ الْفِطْرِ مِنْ حِينِ يَخْرُجُ مِنْ بَيْتِهِ حَتَّى يَأْتِيَ الْمُصَلَّى ". مُوسَى بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَطَاءٍ مُنْكَرُ الْحَدِيثِ ضَعِيفٌ، وَالْوَلِيدُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ الْمُقْرِئُ ضَعِيفٌ، لَا يُحْتَجُّ بِرِوَايَةِ أَمْثَالِهِمَا، وَالْحَدِيثُ الْمَحْفُوظُ عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ مِنْ قَوْلِهِ، وَرُوِيَ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ أَبِي طَالِبٍ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ وَجَمَاعَةٍ مِنْ أَصْحَابِ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ وَرَضِيَ عَنْهُمْ مِثْلُ مَا رُوِّينَا عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ فِي التَّكْبِيرِ عِنْدَ الْغُدُوِّ إِلَى الْمُصَلَّى.
(a) Abdullah bin Umar (may Allah be pleased with them both) said that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) used to say the takbir from the time he left his house until he reached the prayer ground.
(b) Ali bin Abi Talib (may Allah be pleased with him) and a group of the Companions narrate the like of what Ibn Umar (may Allah be pleased with them both) narrated, that they used to say the takbir from the morning until reaching the prayer ground.
Musa bin Muhammad bin Ata is munkar al-hadith (his narrations are rejected) and da'if (weak), and al-Walid bin Muhammad al-Muqri is da'if (weak); the narrations of the likes of these two are not taken as proof. The preserved (mahfuz) hadith is from Ibn Umar as his own statement.
(b) Ali bin Abi Talib (may Allah be pleased with him) and a group of the Companions narrate the like of what Ibn Umar (may Allah be pleased with them both) narrated, that they used to say the takbir from the morning until reaching the prayer ground.
Musa bin Muhammad bin Ata is munkar al-hadith (his narrations are rejected) and da'if (weak), and al-Walid bin Muhammad al-Muqri is da'if (weak); the narrations of the likes of these two are not taken as proof. The preserved (mahfuz) hadith is from Ibn Umar as his own statement.
وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ الْحَافِظُ، ثنا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ، ثنا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ الصَّغَانِيُّ، ثنا قَبِيصَةُ بْنُ عُقْبَةَ، ثنا سُفْيَانُ، عَنْ عَطَاءِ بْنِ السَّائِبِ، عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ الرَّحْمِنِ السُّلَمِيِّ قَالَ: " كَانُوا فِي التَّكْبِيرِ فِي الْفِطْرِ أَشَدَّ مِنْهُمْ فِي الْأَضْحَى ". وَرَوَى الشَّافِعِيُّ بِإِسْنَادِهِ عَنْ جَمَاعَةٍ مِنَ التَّابِعِينَ أَنَّهُمْ كَانُوا يُكَبِّرُونَ لَيْلَةَ الْفِطْرِ فِي الْمَسْجِدِ يَجْهَرُونَ بِهِ، وَعَنْ جَمَاعَةٍ مِنْهُمْ: جَهْرُهُمْ بِهِ عِنْدَ الْغُدُوِّ إِلَى الْمُصَلَّى.
(a) Abu Abd al-Rahman al-Sulami (may Allah have mercy on him) said: They used to say more takbir on Eid al-Fitr than on Eid al-Adha.
(b) Imam al-Shafi'i (may Allah have mercy on him) narrates from a group of the Successors that they used to say the takbir aloud in the mosque on the night of Eid al-Fitr, and used to say it aloud from the morning until going to the prayer ground.
(b) Imam al-Shafi'i (may Allah have mercy on him) narrates from a group of the Successors that they used to say the takbir aloud in the mosque on the night of Eid al-Fitr, and used to say it aloud from the morning until going to the prayer ground.
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو زَكَرِيَّا بْنُ أَبِي إِسْحَاقَ، أنبأ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ، ثنا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْوَهَّابِ، أنبأ جَعْفَرُ بْنُ عَوْنٍ، ثنا الْأَعْمَشُ، عَنْ تَمِيمِ بْنِ سَلَمَةَ قَالَ: خَرَجَ ابْنُ ⦗٣٩٦⦘ الزُّبَيْرِ يَوْمَ النَّحْرِ فَلَمْ يَرَهُمْ يُكَبِّرُونَ، فَقَالَ: " مَا لَهُمْ لَا يُكَبِّرُونَ، أَمَا وَاللهِ فَعَلُوا ذَلِكَ، فَقَدْ رَأَيْتَنَا فِي الْعَسْكَرِ مَا يُرَى طَرَفَاهُ فَيُكَبِّرُ الرَّجُلُ فَيُكَبِّرُ الَّذِي يَلِيهِ حَتَّى يَرْتَجَّ الْعَسْكَرُ تَكْبِيرًا، وَإِنَّ بَيْنَكُمْ وَبَيْنَهُمْ كَمَا بَيْنَ الْأَرْضِ السُّفْلَى إِلَى السَّمَاءِ الْعُلْيَا ".
Tamim bin Salamah (may Allah have mercy on him) said: Ibn al-Zubayr (may Allah be pleased with him) came out on Eid al-Adha and saw the people, and they were not saying the takbir. He said: What is the matter with them that they do not say the takbir? By Allah, the Companions used to say it. We have seen armies in which a man on one side would say the takbir, then the one next to him, until the army would resound with the takbir. Indeed, the difference between you and them is like the distance between the lowest earth and the highest heaven.
