السنن الكبرى للبيهقي
Sunan al-Kubra al-Bayhaqi
كتاب الصلاة
Book of Prayer
باب: ذكر الأثر الذي روي في أن الجمع من غير عذر من الكبائر مع ما دلت عليه أخبار المواقيت
The report that combining without excuse is a major sin, along with what the reports on prayer times indicate
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أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ الْحَافِظُ، وَأَبُو سَعِيدِ بْنُ أَبِي عَمْرٍو قَالَا: ثنا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ، ثنا أَسِيدُ بْنُ عَاصِمٍ، ثنا الْحُسَيْنُ بْنُ حَفْصٍ، عَنْ سُفْيَانَ، عَنْ سَعِيدٍ، عَنْ قَتَادَةَ، عَنْ أَبِي الْعَالِيَةِ، عَنْ عُمَرَ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ قَالَ: " جَمْعُ الصَّلَاتَيْنِ مِنْ غَيْرِ عُذْرٍ مِنَ الْكَبَائِرِ ". قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي سُنَنِ حَرْمَلَةَ: الْعُذْرُ يَكُونُ بِالسَّفَرِ وَالْمَطَرِ، وَلَيْسَ هَذَا بِثَابِتٍ عَنْ عُمَرَ، هُوَ مُرْسَلٌ. قَالَ الشَّيْخُ: هُوَ كَمَا قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ، وَالْإِسْنَادُ الْمَشْهُورُ لِهَذَا الْأَثَرِ مَا ذَكَرْنَا وَهُوَ مُرْسَلٌ، أَبُو الْعَالِيَةِ لَمْ يَسْمَعْ مِنْ عُمَرَ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ، وَقَدْ رُوِيَ ذَلِكَ بِإِسْنَادٍ آخَرَ قَدْ أَشَارَ الشَّافِعِيُّ إِلَى مَتْنِهِ فِي بَعْضِ كُتُبِهِ.
(a) Abu al-Aliyah narrates from Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) that combining (prayers) without an excuse is a major sin.
(b) Imam al-Shafi'i (may Allah have mercy on him) says that the excuse is travel and rain, but this is not established from Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him); it is mursal (its chain is broken).
It is as al-Shafi'i said: the well-known chain of this report is the one we have mentioned, and it is mursal; Abu al-Aliyah did not hear from Umar (may Allah be pleased with him).
(b) Imam al-Shafi'i (may Allah have mercy on him) says that the excuse is travel and rain, but this is not established from Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him); it is mursal (its chain is broken).
It is as al-Shafi'i said: the well-known chain of this report is the one we have mentioned, and it is mursal; Abu al-Aliyah did not hear from Umar (may Allah be pleased with him).
أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو الْحَسَنِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْحُسَيْنِ الْعَلَوِيُّ، أنبأ عَبْدُ اللهِ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ ⦗٢٤١⦘ الْحَسَنِ الرَّمْجَارِيُّ، ثنا عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ بِشْرٍ، ثنا يَحْيَى بْنُ سَعِيدٍ، عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ صُبَيْحٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنِي حُمَيْدُ بْنُ هِلَالٍ، عَنْ أَبِي قَتَادَةَ يَعْنِي الْعَدَوِيَّ، أَنَّ عُمَرَ بْنَ الْخَطَّابِ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ كَتَبَ إِلَى عَامِلٍ لَهُ: " ثَلَاثٌ مِنَ الْكَبَائِرِ: الْجَمْعُ بَيْنَ الصَّلَاتَيْنِ إِلَّا فِي عُذْرٍ، وَالْفِرَارُ مِنَ الزَّحْفِ، وَالنَّهْيُ ". أَبُو قَتَادَةَ الْعَدَوِيُّ أَدْرَكَ عُمَرَ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ، فَإِنْ كَانَ شَهِدَهُ كَتَبَ فَهُوَ مَوْصُولٌ، وَإِلَّا فَهُوَ إِذَا انْضَمَّ إِلَى الْأَوَّلِ صَارَ قَوِيًّا، وَقَدْ رُوِيَ فِيهِ حَدِيثٌ مَوْصُولٌ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فِي إِسْنَادِهِ مَنْ لَا يُحْتَجُّ بِهِ.
Abu Qatadah al-Adawi (may Allah have mercy on him) narrates from Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) that he wrote to one of his governors: "Three things are major sins: combining prayers without an excuse, fleeing from the battlefield, and robbery."
Abu Qatadah al-Adawi lived in the time of Umar (may Allah be pleased with him); if he was present when he wrote it, the report is connected (mawsul); otherwise, when it is joined to the first report, it becomes strong. A connected hadith on this has also been narrated from the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him), but its chain contains someone who is not used as evidence.
Abu Qatadah al-Adawi lived in the time of Umar (may Allah be pleased with him); if he was present when he wrote it, the report is connected (mawsul); otherwise, when it is joined to the first report, it becomes strong. A connected hadith on this has also been narrated from the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him), but its chain contains someone who is not used as evidence.
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْحُسَيْنِ عَلِيُّ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللهِ بْنِ بِشْرَانَ الْعَدْلُ بِبَغْدَادَ، ثنا إِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ الصَّفَّارُ، ثنا عُبَيْدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْوَاحِدِ بْنِ شَرِيكٍ، ثنا نُعَيْمُ بْنُ حَمَّادٍ، ح وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ الْحَافِظُ، ثنا عَلِيُّ بْنُ عِيسَى الْحِيرِيُّ، ثنا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ أَبِي طَالِبٍ، ثنا يَعْقُوبُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ قَالَا: ثنا الْمُعْتَمِرُ بْنُ سُلَيْمَانَ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ حَنَشٍ، عَنْ عِكْرِمَةَ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ: " الْجَمْعُ بَيْنَ الصَّلَاتَيْنِ مِنْ غَيْرِ عُذْرٍ مِنَ الْكَبَائِرِ ". لَفْظُ حَدِيثِ نُعَيْمٍ، وَفِي رِوَايَةِ يَعْقُوبَ " مَنْ جَمَعَ بَيْنَ الصَّلَاتَيْنِ مِنْ غَيْرِ عُذْرٍ فَقَدْ أَتَى بَابًا مِنْ أَبْوَابِ الْكَبَائِرِ ". تَفَرَّدَ بِهِ حُسَيْنُ بْنُ قَيْسٍ أَبُو عَلِيٍّ الرَّحَبِيُّ الْمَعْرُوفُ بِحَنَشٍ وَهُوَ ضَعِيفٌ عِنْدَ أَهْلِ النَّقْلِ، لَا يُحْتَجُّ بِخَبَرِهِ.
(a) Ikrimah narrates from Sayyiduna Ibn Abbas (may Allah be pleased with them both) that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Combining prayers without an excuse is a major sin."
(b) In the narration of Ya'qub: "Whoever combines two prayers without an excuse has committed a major sin."
Only Husayn bin Qays Abu Ali al-Rahabi, known as Hanash, narrated it, and he is da'if (weak) according to the scholars of transmission; his report is not used as evidence.
(b) In the narration of Ya'qub: "Whoever combines two prayers without an excuse has committed a major sin."
Only Husayn bin Qays Abu Ali al-Rahabi, known as Hanash, narrated it, and he is da'if (weak) according to the scholars of transmission; his report is not used as evidence.
