السنن الكبرى للبيهقي
Sunan al-Kubra al-Bayhaqi
كتاب الصلاة
Book of Prayer
باب: من زعم أن آل النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم هم أهل دينه عامة
Those who held that the family of the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) are the followers of his religion in general
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أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو مُحَمَّدٍ عَبْدُ اللهِ بْنُ يَحْيَى بْنِ عَبْدِ الْجَبَّارِ السُّكَّرِيُّ بِبَغْدَادَ، أنبأ إِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ الصَّفَّارُ، ثنا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ مَنْصُورٍ، ثنا عَبْدُ الرَّزَّاقِ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ رَجُلًا قَالَ ⦗٢١٧⦘ لِلثَّوْرِيِّ: مَنْ آلُ مُحَمَّدٍ؟ قَالَ: " قَدِ اخْتَلَفَ النَّاسُ فَمِنْهُمْ مَنْ يَقُولُ: " أَهْلُ الْبَيْتِ، وَمِنْهُمْ مَنْ يَقُولُ: مَنْ أَطَاعَهُ وَعَمِلَ بِسُنَنِهِ " قَالَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ: أَحْسِبُهُ عَبْدَ الرَّزَّاقِ قَالَ: مَنْ أَطَاعَهُ قَالَ الشَّيْخُ: مَنْ ذَهَبَ هَذَا الْمَذْهَبَ الثَّانِي أَشْبَهُ أَنْ يَقُولَ: قَالَ اللهُ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ لِنُوحٍ عَلَيْهِ السَّلَامُ {احْمِلْ فِيهَا مِنْ كُلٍّ زَوْجَيْنِ اثْنَيْنِ وَأَهْلَكَ} [هود: ٤٠] وَقَالَ {إِنَّ ابْنِي مِنْ أَهْلِي وَإِنَّ وَعَدَكَ الْحَقُّ وَأَنْتَ أَحْكَمُ الْحَاكِمِينَ قَالَ يَا نُوحُ إِنَّهُ لَيْسَ مِنْ أَهْلِكَ إِنَّهُ عَمَلٌ غَيْرُ صَالِحٍ} [هود: ٤٦] فَأَخْرَجَهُ بِالشِّرْكِ عَنْ أَنْ يَكُونَ مِنْ أَهْلِ نُوحٍ وَقَدْ أَجَابَ عَنْهُ الشَّافِعِيُّ رَحِمَهُ اللهُ تَعَالَى، فَقَالَ: الَّذِي نَذْهَبُ إِلَيْهِ فِي مَعْنَى هَذِهِ الْآيَةِ أَنَّ قَوْلَ اللهِ تَبَارَكَ وَتَعَالَى {إِنَّهُ لَيْسَ مِنْ أَهْلِكَ} [هود: ٤٦] يَعْنِي الَّذِينَ أَمَرْنَا بِحَمْلِهِمْ مَعَكَ؛ لِأَنَّهُ قَالَ {وَأَهْلَكَ إِلَّا مَنْ سَبَقَ عَلَيْهِ الْقَوْلُ مِنْهُمْ} [المؤمنون: ٢٧] فَأَعْلَمَهُمْ أَنَّهُ أَمَرَهُ بِأَنْ يَحْمِلَ مِنْ أَهْلِهِ مَنْ لَمْ يَسْبِقْ عَلَيْهِ الْقَوْلُ مِنْ أَهْلِ مَعْصِيَةٍ، ثُمَّ بَيَّنَ لَهُ، فَقَالَ: إِنَّهُ عَمَلٌ غَيْرُ صَالِحٍ.
Abd al-Razzaq (may Allah have mercy on him) says: I heard a man ask al-Thawri (may Allah have mercy on him): Who are the family of Muhammad? He said: People have differed about this. Some say that the household is meant, and some say: whoever obeyed him (peace and blessings be upon him) and acted upon his Sunnah.
Abu Bakr says: I think Abd al-Razzaq (may Allah have mercy on him) said: 'whoever obeyed him'.
Imam al-Bayhaqi (may Allah have mercy on him) says: Whoever holds this second view would most likely argue that Allah Almighty said to Sayyiduna Nuh (peace be upon him): "Load into it a pair of every kind, and your family" [Surah Hud: 40], and he said: "My Lord, indeed my son is of my family, and Your promise is true, and You are the most just of judges." (Allah) said: "O Nuh, he is not of your family; indeed, his deeds are not righteous" [Surah Hud: 45-46]. So Allah excluded the son of Sayyiduna Nuh (peace be upon him) from the family of Nuh (peace be upon him) because of shirk.
Imam al-Shafi'i (may Allah have mercy on him) answered this by saying that the words of Allah, the Blessed and Exalted, "He is not of your family" [Surah Hud: 46] do not mean what has been stated; rather, they mean that he was not among those fit to board the Ark. Allah Almighty said: "And load your family into the Ark, except those concerning whom the decree of destruction has already gone forth." [Surah Hud: 40]
This verse too makes clear that the son of Sayyiduna Nuh (peace be upon him) was of his family, and the reason he did not board the Ark was that his deeds were not right.
Abu Bakr says: I think Abd al-Razzaq (may Allah have mercy on him) said: 'whoever obeyed him'.
Imam al-Bayhaqi (may Allah have mercy on him) says: Whoever holds this second view would most likely argue that Allah Almighty said to Sayyiduna Nuh (peace be upon him): "Load into it a pair of every kind, and your family" [Surah Hud: 40], and he said: "My Lord, indeed my son is of my family, and Your promise is true, and You are the most just of judges." (Allah) said: "O Nuh, he is not of your family; indeed, his deeds are not righteous" [Surah Hud: 45-46]. So Allah excluded the son of Sayyiduna Nuh (peace be upon him) from the family of Nuh (peace be upon him) because of shirk.
Imam al-Shafi'i (may Allah have mercy on him) answered this by saying that the words of Allah, the Blessed and Exalted, "He is not of your family" [Surah Hud: 46] do not mean what has been stated; rather, they mean that he was not among those fit to board the Ark. Allah Almighty said: "And load your family into the Ark, except those concerning whom the decree of destruction has already gone forth." [Surah Hud: 40]
This verse too makes clear that the son of Sayyiduna Nuh (peace be upon him) was of his family, and the reason he did not board the Ark was that his deeds were not right.
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ الْحَافِظُ، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ الْقَاضِي، وَأَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ السُّوسِيُّ قَالُوا: ثنا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ، ثنا الْعَبَّاسُ بْنُ الْوَلِيدِ بْنُ مَزْيَدٍ، أَخْبَرَنِي أَبِي قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ الْأَوْزَاعِيَّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنِي أَبُو عَمَّارٍ رَجُلٌ مِنَّا قَالَ: حَدَّثَنِي وَاثِلَةُ بْنُ الْأَسْقَعِ اللَّيْثِيُّ قَالَ: جِئْتُ أُرِيدُ عَلِيًّا رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ فَلَمْ أَجِدْهُ، فَقَالَتْ فَاطِمَةُ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهَا، انْطَلَقَ إِلَى رَسُولِ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ يَدْعُوهُ، فَاجْلِسْ، قَالَ: فَجَاءَ مَعَ رَسُولِ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فَدَخَلَا، فَدَخَلْتُ مَعَهُمَا قَالَ: فَدَعَا رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ حَسَنًا، وَحُسَيْنًا فَأَجْلَسَ كُلَّ وَاحِدٍ مِنْهُمَا عَلَى فَخِذِهِ وَأَدْنَى فَاطِمَةَ مِنْ حِجْرِهِ وَزَوْجَهَا، ثُمَّ لَفَّ عَلَيْهِمْ ثَوْبَهُ وَأَنَا مُنْتَبِذٌ فَقَالَ: {إِنَّمَا يُرِيدُ اللهُ لِيُذْهِبَ عَنْكُمُ الرِّجْسَ أَهْلَ الْبَيْتِ وَيُطَهِّرَكُمْ تَطْهِيرًا} [الأحزاب: ٣٣] " اللهُمَّ هَؤُلَاءِ أَهْلِي، اللهُمَّ أَهْلِي أَحَقُّ " قَالَ وَاثِلَةُ: قُلْتُ: يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ، وَأَنَا مِنْ أَهْلِكَ قَالَ: " وَأَنْتَ مِنْ أَهْلِي " قَالَ وَاثِلَةُ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ: " إِنَّهَا لِمَنْ أَرْجَى مَا أَرْجُو ".
Sayyiduna Wathilah bin al-Asqa' al-Laythi (may Allah be pleased with him) says: I wanted to meet Sayyiduna Ali (may Allah be pleased with him), but he was not there, so Sayyidah Fatimah (may Allah be pleased with her) said: He has gone to the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) to invite him. Do sit here. Then Sayyiduna Ali (may Allah be pleased with him) came with the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) and they went inside, and I too went in with them. The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) called Hasan and Husayn (may Allah be pleased with them both), seated both of them on his lap, and seated Fatimah (may Allah be pleased with her) and her husband close to himself. Then he put his cloak over them. I was to one side. Then he (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Allah only wishes to remove impurity from you, O people of the household, and to purify you thoroughly [Surah al-Ahzab: 33]. O Allah, these are my family; O Allah, my family are most deserving." Wathilah (may Allah be pleased with him) says: I said: O Messenger of Allah, am I also of your family? He (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Yes, you too are of my family." Wathilah (may Allah be pleased with him) says: That is among the greatest things I hope for.
وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ السُّوسِيُّ، ثنا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أنبأ الرَّبِيعُ بْنُ سُلَيْمَانَ، وَسَعِيدُ بْنُ عُثْمَانَ قَالَا: ثنا بِشْرُ بْنُ بَكْرٍ، عَنِ الْأَوْزَاعِيِّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنِي أَبُو عَمَّارٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنِي وَاثِلَةُ بْنُ الْأَسْقَعِ قَالَ: أَتَيْتُ عَلِيًّا رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ فَلَمْ أَجِدْهُ، فَذَكَرَ الْحَدِيثَ بِنَحْوِهِ هَذَا إِسْنَادٌ صَحِيحٌ وَهُوَ إِلَى تَخْصِيصِ وَاثِلَةَ بِذَلِكَ أَقْرَبُ مِنْ تَعْمِيمِ الْأُمَّةِ بِهِ، وَكَأَنَّهُ جَعَلَ وَاثِلَةَ فِي حُكْمِ الْأَهْلِ تَشْبِيهًا بِمَنْ يَسْتَحِقُّ هَذَا الِاسْمَ لَا تَحْقِيقًا، وَاللهُ أَعْلَمُ.
(a) This same hadith is reported from Wathilah bin al-Asqa' (may Allah be pleased with him) through another chain, and its chain too is sahih (authentic).
(b) In the above hadith, Wathilah's (may Allah be pleased with him) being of the family is particular to him; establishing it for the whole Ummah is far-fetched. And calling Wathilah (may Allah be pleased with him) family is also by way of resemblance, not in the true sense.
(b) In the above hadith, Wathilah's (may Allah be pleased with him) being of the family is particular to him; establishing it for the whole Ummah is far-fetched. And calling Wathilah (may Allah be pleased with him) family is also by way of resemblance, not in the true sense.
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعْدٍ الْمَالِينِيُّ، أنبأ أَبُو أَحْمَدَ بْنُ عَدِيٍّ، ثنا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ الْعُقَيْلِيُّ، ثنا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ الْفُرَاتِ، ثنا أَبُو دَاوُدَ، ثنا عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ مَهْدِيٍّ، عَنِ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ صَالِحٍ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللهِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَقِيلٍ، عَنْ جَابِرِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللهِ قَالَ: " آلُ مُحَمَّدٍ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ أُمَّتُهُ ".
Sayyiduna Jabir bin Abdullah (may Allah be pleased with them both) says that (what is meant by) the family of Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him) is his Ummah.
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَلِيٍّ الرُّوذْبَارِيُّ، أنبأ أَبُو بَكْرٍ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ مَهْرَوَيْهِ بْنِ عَبَّاسٍ الرَّازِيُّ، ثنا عَلِيُّ بْنُ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ زِيَادٍ، ثنا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللهِ بْنِ يُونُسَ، ثنا نَافِعٌ أَبُو هُرْمُزَ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ أَنَسَ بْنَ مَالِكٍ يَقُولُ: سُئِلَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ عَنْ آلِ مُحَمَّدٍ قَالَ: " كُلُّ تَقِيٍّ " وَهَذَا لَا يَحِلُّ الِاحْتِجَاجُ بِمِثْلِهِ، نَافِعٌ السُّلَمِيُّ أَبُو هُرْمُزَ مِنْ بُصْرَى، كَذَّبَهُ يَحْيَى بْنُ مَعِينٍ، وَضَعَّفَهُ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ حَنْبَلٍ وَغَيْرُهُمَا مِنَ الْحُفَّاظِ وَبِاللهِ التَّوْفِيقُ.
Abu Hurmuz Nafi' (may Allah have mercy on him) says: I heard Sayyiduna Anas bin Malik (may Allah be pleased with him) say that someone asked the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him): "Who are the family of Muhammad?" He (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Every God-fearing person is of the family of Muhammad."
It is not valid to use this hadith as evidence. Nafi' al-Sulami Abu Hurmuz, of Busra, was declared a liar by Yahya bin Ma'in, and Ahmad bin Hanbal and other huffaz declared him da'if (weak).
It is not valid to use this hadith as evidence. Nafi' al-Sulami Abu Hurmuz, of Busra, was declared a liar by Yahya bin Ma'in, and Ahmad bin Hanbal and other huffaz declared him da'if (weak).
