السنن الكبرى للبيهقي
Sunan al-Kubra al-Bayhaqi
كتاب الصلاة
Book of Prayer
باب: الدليل على أن أزواجه صلى الله عليه وسلم من أهل بيته في الصلاة عليهن
Evidence that his wives (peace and blessings be upon him) are among his household in sending blessings on them
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وَذَلِكَ لِأَنَّ اللهَ تَعَالَى خَاطَبَهُنَّ بِقَوْلِهِ تَعَالَى {يَا نِسَاءَ النَّبِيِّ لَسْتُنَّ كَأَحَدٍ مِنَ النِّسَاءِ إِنِ اتَّقَيْتُنَّ فَلَا تَخْضَعْنَ بِالْقَوْلِ} [الأحزاب: 32] ثُمَّ سَاقَ الْكَلَامَ إِلَى أَنْ قَالَ: {إِنَّمَا يُرِيدُ اللهُ لِيُذْهِبَ عَنْكُمُ الرِّجْسَ أَهْلَ الْبَيْتِ وَيُطَهِّرَكُمْ تَطْهِيرًا} [الأحزاب: 33] وَإِنَّمَا قَالَ: عَنْكُمْ بِلَفْظِ الذُّكُورِ؛ لِأَنَّهُ أَرَادَ دُخُولَ غَيْرِهِنَّ مَعَهُنَّ فِي ذَلِكَ، ثُمَّ أَضَافَ الْبُيُوتَ إِلَيْهِنَّ، فَقَالَ: {وَاذْكُرْنَ مَا يُتْلَى فِي بُيُوتِكُنَّ مِنْ آيَاتِ اللهِ وَالْحِكْمَةِ} [الأحزاب: 34].
This is because Allah Almighty addressed them (the pure wives) with His words: "O wives of the Prophet, you are not like any other of the women. If you fear Allah, then do not be soft in speech." [Surah al-Ahzab: 32]
Then He continued the discourse until He said: "Allah only wishes to remove from you every kind of impurity, O people of the household, and to purify you thoroughly." [Surah al-Ahzab: 33]
And Allah Almighty used the word "ankum" (from you) in the masculine form because the intent was to include others (of the household) along with them (the pure wives) in this ruling. Then, attributing the houses to them, He said: "And remember what is recited in your houses of the verses of Allah and wisdom." [Surah al-Ahzab: 34]
Then He continued the discourse until He said: "Allah only wishes to remove from you every kind of impurity, O people of the household, and to purify you thoroughly." [Surah al-Ahzab: 33]
And Allah Almighty used the word "ankum" (from you) in the masculine form because the intent was to include others (of the household) along with them (the pure wives) in this ruling. Then, attributing the houses to them, He said: "And remember what is recited in your houses of the verses of Allah and wisdom." [Surah al-Ahzab: 34]
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ الْحَافِظُ غَيْرَ مَرَّةٍ، وَأَبُو عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْحُسَيْنِ السُّلَمِيُّ مِنْ أَصْلِهِ وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ الْحَسَنِ الْقَاضِي قَالُوا: ثنا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ، ثنا الْحَسَنُ بْنُ مُكْرَمٍ، ثنا عُثْمَانُ بْنُ عُمَرَ، ثنا عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللهِ بْنِ دِينَارٍ، عَنْ شَرِيكِ بْنِ أَبِي نَمِرٍ، عَنْ عَطَاءِ بْنِ يَسَارٍ، عَنْ أُمِّ سَلَمَةَ قَالَتْ: فِي بَيْتِي أُنْزِلَتْ {إِنَّمَا يُرِيدُ اللهُ لِيُذْهِبَ عَنْكُمُ الرِّجْسَ أَهْلَ الْبَيْتِ وَيُطَهِّرَكُمْ تَطْهِيرًا} [الأحزاب: ٣٣] قَالَتْ: فَأَرْسَلَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ إِلَى فَاطِمَةَ، وَعَلِيٍّ، وَالْحَسَنِ، وَالْحُسَيْنِ، فَقَالَ: " هَؤُلَاءِ أَهْلُ بَيْتِي " وَفِي حَدِيثِ الْقَاضِي وَالسُّلَمِيِّ: " هَؤُلَاءِ أَهْلِي " قَالَتْ: فَقُلْتُ يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ، أَمَا أَنَا مِنْ أَهْلِ الْبَيْتِ؟ قَالَ: " بَلَى إِنْ شَاءَ اللهُ تَعَالَى " قَالَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ: هَذَا حَدِيثٌ صَحِيحٌ سَنَدُهُ ثِقَاتٌ رُوَاتُهُ. قَالَ الشَّيْخُ: " وَقَدْ رُوِيَ فِي شَوَاهِدِهِ، ثُمَّ فِي مُعَارَضَتِهِ أَحَادِيثُ لَا يَثْبُتُ مِثْلُهَا، وَفِي كِتَابِ اللهِ الْبَيَانُ لِمَا قَصَدْنَاهُ فِي إِطْلَاقِ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ الْآلَ، وَمُرَادُهُ مِنْ ذَلِكَ أَزْوَاجُهُ أَوْ هُنَّ دَاخِلَاتٌ فِيهِ.
Sayyidah Umm Salamah (may Allah be pleased with her) says that this verse was revealed in my house, namely: "Allah only wishes to remove impurity from you, O people of the household, and to purify you thoroughly" [Surah al-Ahzab: 33].
Sayyidah Umm Salamah (may Allah be pleased with her) says: The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) called Fatimah, Ali, Hasan and Husayn (may Allah be pleased with them) and said: "These are my household."
(b) In the hadith of al-Qadi and al-Sulami it is: "These are my family." The Mother of the Believers Umm Salamah (may Allah be pleased with her) says: I said: "O Messenger of Allah, am I not among the household?" He (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Of course, you are included too, if Allah wills."
(c) Imam al-Bayhaqi (may Allah have mercy on him) says that this hadith has supporting reports and also contrary ones, the like of which are not established. In the Book of Allah there is the clarification of what we intended; and from the Prophet's (peace and blessings be upon him) unqualified mention of the 'Al' (family) while meaning his wives by it, it is known that they too are included in the 'Al'.
Abu Abdullah (al-Hakim) said: This hadith is sahih (authentic); its narrators are thiqat (trustworthy).
Sayyidah Umm Salamah (may Allah be pleased with her) says: The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) called Fatimah, Ali, Hasan and Husayn (may Allah be pleased with them) and said: "These are my household."
(b) In the hadith of al-Qadi and al-Sulami it is: "These are my family." The Mother of the Believers Umm Salamah (may Allah be pleased with her) says: I said: "O Messenger of Allah, am I not among the household?" He (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Of course, you are included too, if Allah wills."
(c) Imam al-Bayhaqi (may Allah have mercy on him) says that this hadith has supporting reports and also contrary ones, the like of which are not established. In the Book of Allah there is the clarification of what we intended; and from the Prophet's (peace and blessings be upon him) unqualified mention of the 'Al' (family) while meaning his wives by it, it is known that they too are included in the 'Al'.
Abu Abdullah (al-Hakim) said: This hadith is sahih (authentic); its narrators are thiqat (trustworthy).
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو مُحَمَّدٍ عَبْدُ اللهِ بْنُ يُوسُفَ، أنبأ أَبُو سَعِيدِ بْنُ الْأَعْرَابِيِّ، ثنا ابْنُ عَفَّانَ يَعْنِي الْحَسَنَ بْنَ عَلِيِّ بْنِ عَفَّانَ، ثنا أَبُو أُسَامَةَ، عَنِ الْأَعْمَشِ، عَنْ عُمَارَةَ بْنِ الْقَعْقَاعِ، عَنْ أَبِي زُرْعَةَ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ: " اللهُمَّ اجْعَلْ رِزْقَ آلِ مُحَمَّدٍ قُوتًا " ⦗٢١٥⦘ رَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، عَنْ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ الْأَشَجِّ، عَنْ أَبِي أُسَامَةَ وَأَخْرَجَهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ مِنْ وَجْهٍ آخَرَ، عَنْ عُمَارَةَ وَرُوِّينَا، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ أَنَّهُ قَالَ: " إِنَّمَا يَأْكُلُ آلُ مُحَمَّدٍ مِنْ هَذَا الْمَالِ لَيْسَ لَهُمْ أَنْ يَزِيدُوا عَلَى الْمَأْكَلِ إِنَّمَا أَرَادَ مَنْ فِي نَفَقَتِهِ " وَرُوِّينَا عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ أَنَّهُ قَالَ: " مَا شَبِعَ آلُ مُحَمَّدٍ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ مِنْ طَعَامٍ ثَلَاثَةَ أَيَّامٍ حَتَّى قُبِضَ " وَرُوِّينَا عَنْ عَائِشَةَ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهَا أَنَّهَا قَالَتْ: " مَا شَبِعَ آلُ مُحَمَّدٍ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ، مُنْذُ قَدِمَ الْمَدِينَةَ مِنْ طَعَامِ بُرٍّ ثَلَاثَ لَيَالٍ تِبَاعًا حَتَّى قُبِضَ "، وَعَنْ عَائِشَةَ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهَا أَنَّهَا قَالَتْ: " إِنَّا كُنَّا آلَ مُحَمَّدٍ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ لَنَمْكُثُ شَهْرًا مَا نَسْتَوْقِدُ بِنَارٍ، إِنَّمَا هُوَ التَّمْرُ وَالْمَاءُ " وَأَشَارَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ الْحَلِيمِيُّ إِلَى أَنَّ اسْمَ أَهْلِ الْبَيْتِ لِلْأَزْوَاجِ تَحْقِيقٌ، وَاسْمُ الْآلِ لَهُنَّ تَشْبِيهٌ بِالنَّسَبِ وَخُصُوصًا أَزْوَاجَ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ؛ لِأَنَّ اتِّصَالَهُنَّ بِهِ غَيْرُ مُرْتَفِعٍ، وَهُنَّ مُحَرَّمَاتٌ عَلَى غَيْرِهِ فِي حَيَاتِهِ وَبَعْدَ وَفَاتِهِ، فَالسَّبَبُ الَّذِي لَهُنَّ بِهِ قَائِمٌ مَقَامَ النَّسَبِ قَالَ الشَّيْخُ: وَفِي نَصِّ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ عَلَى الْأَمْرِ بِالصَّلَاةِ عَلَى أَزْوَاجِهِ يُغْنِيهِ عَنْ غَيْرِهِ.
(a) Sayyiduna Abu Hurayrah (may Allah be pleased with him) says that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "O Allah, make the provision of the family of Muhammad just enough to live on."
(b) The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "The family of Muhammad only eat from this wealth; they have nothing more than this food." By this he (peace and blessings be upon him) meant those under his maintenance.
(c) It is narrated from Sayyiduna Abu Hurayrah (may Allah be pleased with him) that the family of Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him) never ate their fill of food for three consecutive days until he (peace and blessings be upon him) departed from this world.
(d) It is narrated from Sayyidah Aishah (may Allah be pleased with her) that from the time the family of Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him) came to Madinah, they never ate their fill of wheat bread for three days until he (peace and blessings be upon him) departed from this transient world.
(e) It is narrated from Sayyidah Aishah (may Allah be pleased with her): We, the family of Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him), would spend a whole month without a fire being lit in our houses; our food was dates and water.
(f) Abu Abdullah al-Halimi (may Allah have mercy on him) indicated that the term 'Ahl al-Bayt' (household) applies to the wives in its true sense, while applying the term 'Al' (family) to them is by way of likening to lineage, and especially to the wives of the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him), because their bond with the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) is never severed, and they (the pure wives) are unlawful for anyone else both during his (peace and blessings be upon him) lifetime and after his (peace and blessings be upon him) death; for this reason their tie with the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) stands established (like lineage).
Imam al-Bayhaqi (may Allah have mercy on him) says: The Prophet's (peace and blessings be upon him) explicit command to send blessings upon his wives makes any other evidence unnecessary.
(b) The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "The family of Muhammad only eat from this wealth; they have nothing more than this food." By this he (peace and blessings be upon him) meant those under his maintenance.
(c) It is narrated from Sayyiduna Abu Hurayrah (may Allah be pleased with him) that the family of Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him) never ate their fill of food for three consecutive days until he (peace and blessings be upon him) departed from this world.
(d) It is narrated from Sayyidah Aishah (may Allah be pleased with her) that from the time the family of Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him) came to Madinah, they never ate their fill of wheat bread for three days until he (peace and blessings be upon him) departed from this transient world.
(e) It is narrated from Sayyidah Aishah (may Allah be pleased with her): We, the family of Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him), would spend a whole month without a fire being lit in our houses; our food was dates and water.
(f) Abu Abdullah al-Halimi (may Allah have mercy on him) indicated that the term 'Ahl al-Bayt' (household) applies to the wives in its true sense, while applying the term 'Al' (family) to them is by way of likening to lineage, and especially to the wives of the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him), because their bond with the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) is never severed, and they (the pure wives) are unlawful for anyone else both during his (peace and blessings be upon him) lifetime and after his (peace and blessings be upon him) death; for this reason their tie with the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) stands established (like lineage).
Imam al-Bayhaqi (may Allah have mercy on him) says: The Prophet's (peace and blessings be upon him) explicit command to send blessings upon his wives makes any other evidence unnecessary.
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْحَسَنِ عَلِيُّ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ عَبْدَانَ، أنبأ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عُبَيْدٍ الصَّفَّارُ، ثنا إِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ الْقَاضِي، ثنا عَبْدُ اللهِ بْنُ مَسْلَمَةَ، عَنْ مَالِكٍ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللهِ بْنِ أَبِي بَكْرِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَمْرِو بْنِ حَزْمٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ سُلَيْمٍ الزُّرَقِيِّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنِي أَبُو حُمَيْدٍ السَّاعِدِيُّ، أَنَّهُمْ قَالُوا: يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ، كَيْفَ نُصَلِّي عَلَيْكَ؟ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ: " قُولُوا اللهُمَّ صَلِّ عَلَى مُحَمَّدٍ وَأَزْوَاجِهِ وَذُرِّيَّتِهِ كَمَا صَلَّيْتَ عَلَى آلِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، وَبَارِكْ عَلَى مُحَمَّدٍ وَأَزْوَاجِهِ وَذُرِّيَّتِهِ كَمَا بَارَكْتَ عَلَى آلِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ إِنَّكَ حَمِيدٌ مَجِيدٌ ".
Sayyiduna Abu Humayd al-Sa'idi (may Allah be pleased with him) says: We said: O Messenger of Allah, how should we send blessings upon you? The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Say: 'Allahumma salli 'ala Muhammadin wa azwajihi wa dhurriyyatih, kama sallayta 'ala ali Ibrahim, wa barik 'ala Muhammadin wa azwajihi wa dhurriyyatih, kama barakta 'ala ali Ibrahim, innaka Hamidun Majid' (O Allah, send Your mercy upon Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him), upon his pure wives and upon his offspring, just as You sent mercy upon the family of Ibrahim (peace be upon him); and send down blessing upon Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him), upon his wives and upon his offspring, just as You sent down blessing upon the family of Ibrahim (peace be upon him). Indeed, You are Praiseworthy, Glorious)."
وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَلِيٍّ الرُّوذْبَارِيُّ، أنبأ عَبْدُ اللهِ بْنُ عُمَرَ بْنِ شَوْذَبٍ الْمُقْرِئُ بِوَاسِطَ، ثنا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ سِنَانٍ، ثنا رَوْحُ بْنُ عُبَادَةَ، أنبأ مَالِكٌ، فَذَكَرَهُ بِنَحْوِهِ.
The like of this hadith is reported through another chain.
وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو مُحَمَّدِ بْنُ يُوسُفَ، أنبأ أَبُو سَعِيدِ بْنُ الْأَعْرَابِيِّ، ثنا الْحَسَنُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ الزَّعْفَرَانِيُّ، ثنا عَبْدُ اللهِ بْنُ نَافِعٍ، وَمُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِدْرِيسَ هُوَ الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَا: ثنا مَالِكٌ، فَذَكَرَهُ بِنَحْوٍ مِنْ مَعْنَاهُ، ⦗٢١٦⦘ رَوَاهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللهِ بْنِ مَسْلَمَةَ الْقَعْنَبِيِّ وَرَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ، عَنِ ابْنِ رَاهَوَيْهِ وَغَيْرِهِ، عَنْ رَوْحِ بْنِ عُبَادَةَ، عَنِ ابْنِ نُمَيْرٍ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللهِ بْنِ نَافِعٍ.
A narration with the meaning of the above hadith is reported through another chain.
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَلِيٍّ الرُّوذْبَارِيُّ، أنبأ أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ دَاسَةَ، ثنا أَبُو دَاوُدَ، ثنا مُوسَى بْنُ إِسْمَاعِيلَ، ثنا حِبَّانُ بْنُ يَسَارٍ الْكِلَابِيُّ، حَدَّثَنِي أَبُو مُطَرِّفٍ عُبَيْدُ اللهِ بْنُ طَلْحَةَ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللهِ بْنِ كَرِيزٍ، حَدَّثَنِي مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَلِيٍّ الْهَاشِمِيُّ، عَنِ الْمُجْمِرِ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَالَ: " مَنْ سَرَّهُ أَنْ يَكْتَالَ بِالْمِكْيَالِ الْأَوْفَى إِذَا صَلَّى عَلَيْنَا أَهْلَ الْبَيْتِ فَلْيَقُلْ: اللهُمَّ صَلِّ عَلَى مُحَمَّدٍ النَّبِيِّ وَأَزْوَاجِهِ أُمَّهَاتِ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ وَذُرِّيَّتِهِ، وَأَهْلِ بَيْتِهِ كَمَا صَلَّيْتَ عَلَى إِبْرَاهِيمَ إِنَّكَ حَمِيدٌ مَجِيدٌ " فَكَأَنَّهُ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ أَفْرَدَ أَزْوَاجَهُ وَذُرِّيَّتَهُ بِالذِّكْرِ عَلَى وَجْهِ التَّأْكِيدِ، ثُمَّ رَجَعَ إِلَى التَّعْمِيمِ؛ لِيُدْخِلَ فِيهَا غَيْرَ الْأَزْوَاجِ وَالذُّرِّيَّةِ مِنْ أَهْلِ بَيْتِهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ وَعَلَيْهِمْ أَجْمَعِينَ.
It is narrated from Sayyiduna Abu Hurayrah (may Allah be pleased with him) that he (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Whoever would be pleased to have his deeds weighed out in full measure and be recompensed accordingly, then when he sends blessings upon us, the people of the household, let him say: 'Allahumma salli 'ala Muhammadin an-nabiyyi wa azwajihi ummahatil-mu'minina wa dhurriyyatihi wa ahli baytih, kama sallayta 'ala Ibrahim, innaka Hamidun Majid' (O Allah, send Your mercy upon Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him), who is the Prophet, upon his wives, who are the Mothers of the Believers, and upon his offspring and his household, just as You sent mercy upon Ibrahim (peace be upon him). Indeed, You are Praiseworthy, Glorious)."
It is as though he (peace and blessings be upon him) mentioned his wives and his offspring separately by way of emphasis, then used a general term so as to include in it his household besides the wives and offspring; and may there be mercy upon all of them.
It is as though he (peace and blessings be upon him) mentioned his wives and his offspring separately by way of emphasis, then used a general term so as to include in it his household besides the wives and offspring; and may there be mercy upon all of them.
