Salim bin Abdullah bin Umar (may Allah be pleased with them) narrates from his father that a Companion entered the mosque on Friday while Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) was delivering the sermon. He (may Allah be pleased with him) said: "What time is this?" The man said: "O Commander of the Believers! I returned from the market, I heard the call to prayer, I performed ablution and came." Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) said: "Only ablution? And yet you know that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) used to order the ritual bath."
Hadith Referenceالسنن الكبرى للبيهقي / كتاب الطهارة / 1403
(a) It is narrated from Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Umar (may Allah be pleased with them both) that Sayyiduna Umar bin al-Khattab (may Allah be pleased with him) was standing delivering the Friday sermon when suddenly a man from the first Muhajirun came. Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) called out to him: "What time is this?" He said: "Today I was busy and could not go home; when I heard the call to prayer, I could do nothing more than perform ablution." Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) said: "Only ablution? And yet you know that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) used to order the ritual bath." (b) Imam Bukhari (may Allah have mercy on him) narrated this report from Abdullah bin Asma'. Imam Malik (may Allah have mercy on him) recorded it in the Muwatta as mursal and did not mention Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Umar (may Allah be pleased with them both) in the chain. Outside the Muwatta it has been narrated as connected (mawsul), and that is what is correct. It is also reported as connected from Imam al-Zuhri (may Allah have mercy on him).
Hadith Referenceالسنن الكبرى للبيهقي / كتاب الطهارة / 1404
(a) Sayyiduna Abu Hurayrah (may Allah be pleased with him) said: Sayyiduna Umar bin al-Khattab (may Allah be pleased with him) was delivering the sermon to the people on Friday when Sayyiduna Uthman bin Affan (may Allah be pleased with him) entered the mosque. Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him), addressing him, said: "What is the matter with men who come after the call to prayer?" Sayyiduna Uthman (may Allah be pleased with him) said: "O Commander of the Believers! When I heard the call to prayer, I only performed ablution and came to the mosque." Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) said: "Only ablution? Did you not hear the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) saying: 'When anyone comes to the Friday prayer, let him take a ritual bath'?" (b) Imam al-Shafi'i (may Allah have mercy on him) said: Sayyiduna Uthman (may Allah be pleased with him) did not abandon the prayer for the sake of the ritual bath, and Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) did not order him to go out to take the bath; this is evidence that both of them knew that the order of the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) was optional.
Hadith Referenceالسنن الكبرى للبيهقي / كتاب الطهارة / 1405
Yahya bin Sa'id said: I asked Amrah about the ritual bath on Friday, and she said: I asked Sayyidah Aishah (may Allah be pleased with her) about the ritual bath on Friday, and she said: "The people used to do their own work, and they would go (to the Friday prayer) in that same state, so it was said to them: 'If only you would take a ritual bath (it would be much better).'"
Hadith Referenceالسنن الكبرى للبيهقي / كتاب الطهارة / 1406
It is narrated from Ikrimah (may Allah have mercy on him) that some people from Iraq came and said: "O Ibn Abbas (may Allah be pleased with them both)! What is your view: is the ritual bath on Friday obligatory?" He said: "No, but it is better for the one who takes the bath, and whoever does not take it, it is not obligatory upon him. I will soon tell you how the ritual bath began. The people used to work hard and wear woollen clothes and carry loads on their backs; the mosque had a narrow, low roof, it was only (palm) branches. The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) came out on a hot day, and the people were sweating in those woollen clothes, until a bad smell spread from them (in the mosque) by which some people were troubled. When the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) noticed the smell, he said: 'O people! When it is Friday, take a ritual bath, and whoever among you has oil and perfume, let him apply it.'" Sayyiduna Ibn Abbas (may Allah be pleased with them both) said: "Then Allah Almighty granted abundance, so they stopped wearing woollen clothes, they were relieved of the work, their mosques became spacious, and the discomfort that used to be caused by sweat went away."
Hadith Referenceالسنن الكبرى للبيهقي / كتاب الطهارة / 1407
Sayyiduna Ibn Abbas (may Allah be pleased with them both) said that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Whoever performs ablution, has done well, and it suffices for the obligation; and whoever takes a ritual bath, then the ritual bath is better."
This hadith with this wording is gharib (unusual) from this route; it is only known from the hadith of al-Hasan and others.
Hadith Referenceالسنن الكبرى للبيهقي / كتاب الطهارة / 1408
It is narrated from Sayyiduna Samurah (may Allah be pleased with him) that the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Whoever performs ablution on Friday has done well, and whoever takes a ritual bath, that is better."
Hadith Referenceالسنن الكبرى للبيهقي / كتاب الطهارة / 1409
It is narrated from Sayyiduna Samurah (may Allah be pleased with him) that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Whoever performs ablution on Friday has done well, and whoever takes a ritual bath, then the ritual bath is better." (b) Sa'id bin Abi Arubah narrated it as mursal.
Hadith Referenceالسنن الكبرى للبيهقي / كتاب الطهارة / 1410
It is narrated from Sayyiduna Abd al-Rahman bin Samurah (may Allah be pleased with him); he said: I know it only as being from the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him): "Whoever performs ablution has done well, and whoever takes a ritual bath, then the ritual bath is better."
Hadith Referenceالسنن الكبرى للبيهقي / كتاب الطهارة / 1412
Bakr bin Bakkar narrated it from Abu Hurrah with the same chain, saying: "The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said," and he did not express any doubt.
(b) It has been narrated from the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) through another chain, but its chain is open to question.
Hadith Referenceالسنن الكبرى للبيهقي / كتاب الطهارة / 1413
It is narrated from Sayyiduna Anas bin Malik (may Allah be pleased with him) that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Whoever performs ablution on Friday has done well, and whoever takes a ritual bath, then the ritual bath is better, and the ritual bath is Sunnah." Imam Abu Dawud (may Allah have mercy on him) did not mention the words "and the ritual bath is Sunnah".
Hadith Referenceالسنن الكبرى للبيهقي / كتاب الطهارة / 1414
It is narrated from Sayyiduna Anas bin Malik (may Allah be pleased with him) that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Whoever comes to the Friday prayer, let him take a ritual bath." When winter came, it became hard for us, so we complained about it to the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him), and he (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Whoever performs ablution has done well, and whoever takes a ritual bath, then the ritual bath is better."
Hadith Referenceالسنن الكبرى للبيهقي / كتاب الطهارة / 1415
It is narrated from Sayyiduna Abu Sa'id (may Allah be pleased with him) that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Whoever performs ablution on Friday has done well, and whoever takes a ritual bath, then the ritual bath is better."
Hadith Referenceالسنن الكبرى للبيهقي / كتاب الطهارة / 1416