السنن الكبرى للبيهقي
Sunan al-Kubra al-Bayhaqi
كتاب الطهارة
Book of Purification
باب: ذكر الخبر الذي ورد في الجنب ينام ولا يمس ماء
The report about one in a state of janabah sleeping without touching water
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أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ فُورَكٍ، أنبأ عَبْدُ اللهِ بْنُ جَعْفَرٍ، ثنا يُونُسُ بْنُ حَبِيبٍ، ثنا أَبُو دَاوُدَ، ثنا سُفْيَانُ الثَّوْرِيُّ، عَنْ أَبِي إِسْحَاقَ، عَنِ الْأَسْوَدِ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ، أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ كَانَ " يَنَامُ وَهُوَ جُنُبٌ وَلَا يَمَسُّ مَاءً ".
It is narrated from Sayyidah Aishah (may Allah be pleased with her) that (sometimes) he (peace and blessings be upon him) would sleep while in a state of janabah and would not touch water.
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ الْحَافِظُ، ثنا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ، ثنا إِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ قُتَيْبَةَ، ثنا يَحْيَى بْنُ يَحْيَى، أنا أَبُو خَيْثَمَةَ، قَالَ: وَحَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ، ثنا يَحْيَى بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ يَحْيَى، ثنا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ يُونُسَ، ثنا زُهَيْرٌ، قَالَ: وَحَدَّثَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ وَاللَّفْظُ لَهُ، ثنا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ بْنِ مَلْحَانَ، ثنا عَمْرُو بْنُ خَالِدٍ، ثنا زُهَيْرٌ، عَنْ أَبِي إِسْحَاقَ، قَالَ: سَأَلْتُ ⦗٣١١⦘ الْأَسْوَدَ بْنَ يَزِيدَ، وَكَانَ لِي جَارًا وَصَدِيقًا عَمَّا حَدَّثَتْهُ عَائِشَةُ عَنْ صَلَاةِ رَسُولِ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ؟ فَقَالَ قَالَتْ: " كَانَ يَنَامُ أَوَّلَ اللَّيْلِ وَيُحْيِي آخِرَهُ، ثُمَّ إِنْ كَانَتْ لَهُ إِلَى أَهْلِهِ حَاجَةٌ قَضَى حَاجَتَهُ، ثُمَّ يَنَامُ قَبْلَ أَنْ يَمَسَّ مَاءً، فَإِذَا كَانَ عِنْدَ النِّدَاءِ الْأَوَّلِ " قَالَتْ: " وَثَبَ فَلَا وَاللهِ مَا قَالَتْ: قَامَ وَأَخَذَ الْمَاءَ وَلَا وَاللهِ مَا قَالَتْ: اغْتَسَلَ وَأَنَا أَعْلَمُ مَا تُرِيدُ وَإِنْ لَمْ يَكُنْ لَهُ حَاجَةٌ تَوَضَّأَ وُضُوءَ الرَّجُلِ لِلصَّلَاةِ، ثُمَّ صَلَّى الرَّكْعَتَيْنِ ". أَخْرَجَهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ يَحْيَى، وَأَحْمَدَ بْنِ يُونُسَ دُونَ قَوْلِهِ " قَبْلَ أَنْ يَمَسَّ مَاءً " وَذَلِكَ لِأَنَّ الْحُفَّاظَ طَعَنْوا فِي هَذِهِ اللَّفْظَةِ وَتَوَهَّمُوهَا مَأْخُوذَةً عَنْ غَيْرِ الْأَسْوَدِ، وَأَنَّ أَبَا إِسْحَاقَ رُبَّمَا دَلَّسَ فَرَأَوْهَا مِنْ تَدْلِيسَاتِهِ وَاحْتَجُّوا عَلَى ذَلِكَ بِرِوَايَةِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ النَّخَعِيِّ، وَعَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ الْأَسْوَدِ، عَنِ الْأَسْوَدِ بِخِلَافِ رِوَايَةِ أَبِي إِسْحَاقَ.
Sayyidah Aishah (may Allah be pleased with her) said that he (peace and blessings be upon him) would sleep in the first part of the night and stay awake in the last part of the night. Then, if he (peace and blessings be upon him) had a need with his wife, he would fulfil it, and then sleep before touching water. When the first call (adhan) was made, he (peace and blessings be upon him) would spring up at once. By Allah, Aishah (may Allah be pleased with her) did not say that he (peace and blessings be upon him) stood up and took water, and by Allah, Aishah (may Allah be pleased with her) did not say that he (peace and blessings be upon him) performed the ritual bath, but I know what Aishah (may Allah be pleased with her) meant. If he (peace and blessings be upon him) had no need, he would perform an ablution like the ablution for prayer, then offer two rak'ahs.
The huffaz (hadith masters) criticised the wording "before touching water" and considered it to have been taken from someone other than al-Aswad; Abu Ishaq would sometimes commit tadlis (concealing a link in the chain), so they regarded it as one of his tadlis, and they cited as evidence the narration of Ibrahim al-Nakha'i and Abd al-Rahman bin al-Aswad from al-Aswad, which differs from the narration of Abu Ishaq.
The huffaz (hadith masters) criticised the wording "before touching water" and considered it to have been taken from someone other than al-Aswad; Abu Ishaq would sometimes commit tadlis (concealing a link in the chain), so they regarded it as one of his tadlis, and they cited as evidence the narration of Ibrahim al-Nakha'i and Abd al-Rahman bin al-Aswad from al-Aswad, which differs from the narration of Abu Ishaq.
أَمَّا حَدِيثُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، فَأَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ فُورَكٍ، ثنا عَبْدُ اللهِ بْنُ جَعْفَرٍ، ثنا يُونُسُ بْنُ حَبِيبٍ، ثنا أَبُو دَاوُدَ، ثنا شُعْبَةُ، عَنِ الْحَكَمِ، عَنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، عَنِ الْأَسْوَدِ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ، أَنَّهَا قَالَتْ: كَانَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ " إِذَا كَانَ جُنُبًا فَأَرَادَ أَنْ يَنَامَ، أَوْ يَأْكُلَ تَوَضَّأَ ". أَخْرَجَهُ مُسْلِمٌ مِنْ أَوْجُهٍ عَنْ شُعْبَةَ.
Sayyidah Aishah (may Allah be pleased with her) said that when the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) was in a state of janabah and he (peace and blessings be upon him) intended to sleep or eat, he would perform ablution.
وَأَمَّا حَدِيثُ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ الْأَسْوَدِ، فَأَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ الْحَافِظُ، وَأَبُو سَعِيدِ بْنُ أَبِي عُمَرَ، وَقَالَا: ثنا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ، ثنا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْجَبَّارِ، ثنا ابْنُ فُضَيْلٍ، عَنْ أَبِي إِسْحَاقَ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ الْأَسْوَدِ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، قَالَ: سَأَلْتُ عَائِشَةَ، كَيْفَ كَانَ وُضُوءُ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ إِذَا أَرَادَ أَنْ يَنَامَ وَهُوَ جُنُبٌ؟ فَقَالَتْ: " كَانَ يَتَوَضَّأُ وُضُوءَهُ لِلصَّلَاةِ، ثُمَّ يَنَامُ ". قَالَ الشَّيْخُ: وَحَدِيثُ أَبِي إِسْحَاقَ السَّبِيعِيِّ صَحِيحٌ مِنْ جِهَةِ الرِّوَايَةِ وَذَلِكَ أَنَّ أَبَا إِسْحَاقَ بَيَّنَ سَمَاعَهُ مِنَ الْأَسْوَدِ فِي رِوَايَةِ زُهَيْرِ بْنِ مُعَاوِيَةَ، عَنْهُ وَالْمُدَلِّسُ إِذَا بَيَّنَ سَمَاعَهُ مِمَّنْ رَوَى عَنْهُ وَكَانَ ثِقَةً فَلَا وَجْهَ لِرَدِّهِ وَوَجْهُ الْجَمْعِ بَيْنَ الرِّوَايَتَيْنِ عَلَى وَجْهٍ يُحْتَمَلُ وَقَدْ جَمَعَ بَيْنَهُمَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ بْنُ شُرَيْحٍ فَأَحْسَنَ الْجَمْعَ وَذَلِكَ فِيمَا أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: سَأَلْتُ أَبَا الْوَلِيدِ الْفَقِيهُ فَقُلْتُ: أَيُّهَا الْأُسْتَاذُ قَدْ صَحَّ عِنْدَنَا حَدِيثُ الثَّوْرِيِّ، عَنْ أَبِي إِسْحَاقَ، عَنِ الْأَسْوَدِ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ كَانَ يَنَامُ وَهُوَ جُنُبٌ وَلَا يَمَسُّ مَاءً، وَكَذَلِكَ صَحَّ حَدِيثُ نَافِعٍ، وَعَبْدِ اللهِ بْنِ دِينَارٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ، أَنَّ عُمَرَ قَالَ: يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ أَيَنَامُ أَحَدُنَا وَهُوَ جُنُبٌ؟ قَالَ: " نَعَمْ، إِذَا تَوَضَّأَ " فَقَالَ لِي أَبُو الْوَلِيدِ: سَأَلْتُ أَبَا ⦗٣١٢⦘ الْعَبَّاسِ بْنَ شُرَيْحٍ عَنِ الْحَدِيثَيْنِ، فَقَالَ: الْحُكْمُ بِهِمَا جَمِيعًا، أَمَّا حَدِيثُ عَائِشَةَ فَإِنَّمَا أَرَادَتْ أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ كَانَ لَا يَمَسُّ مَاءً لِلْغُسْلِ، وَأَمَّا حَدِيثُ عُمَرَ فَمُفَسَّرٌ ذُكِرَ فِيهِ الْوُضُوءُ وَبِهِ نَأْخُذُ.
The father of Abd al-Rahman bin al-Aswad said: I asked Sayyidah Aishah (may Allah be pleased with her): How was the ablution of the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) when he intended to sleep while in a state of janabah? She said: "He (peace and blessings be upon him) would perform an ablution like the ablution for prayer, then sleep."
Sayyidah Aishah (may Allah be pleased with her) said that he (peace and blessings be upon him) would sleep while in a state of janabah and would not touch water.
It is narrated from Ibn Umar (may Allah be pleased with them both) that Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) said: O Messenger of Allah, can one of us sleep while in a state of janabah? He (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Yes, he may sleep after performing ablution."
The Shaykh said: Abu al-Walid narrated to me: I asked Abu al-Abbas bin Shurayh about these two hadiths, and he said: Both narrations have one ruling. In the hadith of Aishah (may Allah be pleased with her), what she meant was that the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) would not touch water for the ritual bath. The hadith of Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) is explicit (mufassar), mentioning ablution, and we act upon it.
The hadith of Abu Ishaq al-Sabi'i is sahih (authentic) in terms of narration, because Abu Ishaq made clear that he heard it from al-Aswad in the narration of Zuhayr bin Mu'awiyah from him; and when a mudallis who is thiqah (trustworthy) makes clear that he heard it from the one he narrates from, there is no reason to reject it.
Sayyidah Aishah (may Allah be pleased with her) said that he (peace and blessings be upon him) would sleep while in a state of janabah and would not touch water.
It is narrated from Ibn Umar (may Allah be pleased with them both) that Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) said: O Messenger of Allah, can one of us sleep while in a state of janabah? He (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Yes, he may sleep after performing ablution."
The Shaykh said: Abu al-Walid narrated to me: I asked Abu al-Abbas bin Shurayh about these two hadiths, and he said: Both narrations have one ruling. In the hadith of Aishah (may Allah be pleased with her), what she meant was that the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) would not touch water for the ritual bath. The hadith of Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) is explicit (mufassar), mentioning ablution, and we act upon it.
The hadith of Abu Ishaq al-Sabi'i is sahih (authentic) in terms of narration, because Abu Ishaq made clear that he heard it from al-Aswad in the narration of Zuhayr bin Mu'awiyah from him; and when a mudallis who is thiqah (trustworthy) makes clear that he heard it from the one he narrates from, there is no reason to reject it.
