السنن الكبرى للبيهقي
Sunan al-Kubra al-Bayhaqi
كتاب الطهارة
Book of Purification
باب المنع من الادهان في عظام الفيلة، وغيرها مما لا يؤكل لحمه
The prohibition of keeping oil in vessels of elephant bone and of other animals whose meat is not eaten
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أَخْبَرَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ فُورَكٍ، رَحِمَهُ اللهُ تَعَالَى، ثنا عَبْدُ اللهِ بْنُ جَعْفَرٍ الْأَصْبَهَانِيُّ، ثنا يُونُسُ بْنُ حَبِيبٍ، ثنا أَبُو دَاوُدَ، ثنا أَبُو عَوَانَةَ، عَنِ الْحَكَمِ، وَأَبِي بِشْرٍ، عَنْ مَيْمُونِ بْنِ مِهْرَانَ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، قَالَ: " نَهَى رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ عَنْ كُلِّ ذِي نَابٍ مِنَ السِّبَاعِ، وَعَنْ كُلِّ ذِي مِخْلَبٍ مِنَ الطَّيْرِ ". أَخْرَجَهُ مُسْلِمُ بْنُ الْحَجَّاجِ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ حَنْبَلٍ، عَنْ أَبِي دَاوُدَ الطَّيَالِسِيِّ.
It is narrated from Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Abbas (may Allah be pleased with them both) that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) forbade every predatory animal with fangs and every bird with talons.
أَخْبَرَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللهِ الْحَافِظُ، أنا أَبُو الْوَلِيدِ الْفَقِيهُ، ثنا الْبُوشْنَجِيُّ، ثنا سُلَيْمَانُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ، ثنا أَيُّوبُ بْنُ حَسَّانَ، ثنا يَزِيدُ بْنُ أَبِي مَرْيَمَ، ح، وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ، ثنا أَبُو الْوَلِيدِ، قَالَ: وَأنا الْحَسَنُ بْنُ سُفْيَانَ، ثنا الْحَكَمُ بْنُ مُوسَى، ثنا صَدَقَةُ، عَنْ يَزِيدَ بْنِ أَبِي مَرْيَمَ، ثنا الْقَاسِمُ بْنُ مُخَيْمِرَةَ، ثنا عَبْدُ اللهِ بْنُ عُكَيْمٍ، ثنا مَشْيَخَةٌ، لَنَا مِنْ جُهَيْنَةَ أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ كَتَبَ إِلَيْهِمْ: " لَا تَسْتَمْتِعُوا مِنَ الْمَيْتَةِ بِشَيْءٍ ".
It is narrated from Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Ukaym (may Allah be pleased with him): Elders of the tribe of Juhaynah told us that the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) wrote to them: "Do not derive benefit from anything of a carcass."
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدِ بْنُ أَبِي عَمْرٍو، ثنا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ، أنبأ الرَّبِيعُ بْنُ ⦗٤١⦘ سُلَيْمَانَ، أنبأ الشَّافِعِيُّ، قَالَ: وَرَوَى عَبْدُ اللهِ بْنُ دِينَارٍ، أَنَّهُ سَمِعَ ابْنَ عُمَرَ، " يَكْرَهُ أَنْ يُدَّهَنَ، فِي مِدْهَنٍ مِنْ عِظَامِ الْفِيلِ لِأَنَّهُ مَيْتَةٌ ". هَكَذَا ذَكَرَهُ فِي الْجَدِيدِ. وَرَوَاهُ فِي الْقَدْيمِ كَمَا.
It is narrated from Abdullah bin Dinar (may Allah have mercy on him) that he heard Sayyiduna Ibn Umar (may Allah be pleased with them both) disliked applying oil and the like from a container made of elephant bones, because it is carcass.
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ الْحَافِظُ، أنا أَبُو الْوَلِيدِ الْفَقِيهُ، ثنا مُؤَمَّلُ بْنُ الْحَسَنِ، ثنا الْحَسَنُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ الزَّعْفَرَانِيُّ، عَنِ الشَّافِعِيِّ، نا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللهِ بْنِ دِينَارٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ، أَنَّهُ " كَرِهَ أَنْ يُدَّهَنَ، فِي عَظْمِ فِيلٍ ". وَفِي مَوْضِعٍ آخَرَ " أَنَّهُ كَانَ يَكْرَهُ عِظَامَ الْفِيلِ ". قَالَ الشَّيْخُ: وَيُذْكَرُ عَنْ عَطَاءٍ أَنَّهُ كَرِهَ الِانْتِفَاعَ بِعِظَامِ الْفِيَلَةِ وَأَنْيَابِهَا. وَعَنْ طَاوُسٍ وَعُمَرَ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ أَنَّهُمَا كَرِهَا الْعَاجَ.
(a) It is narrated from Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Umar (may Allah be pleased with them both) that he disliked keeping oil in something made of elephant bone. In another place the words are: He disliked (using) elephant bones.
(b) Imam al-Bayhaqi (may Allah have mercy on him) said: It is transmitted from Ata, the Successor (may Allah have mercy on him), that he considered it disliked to benefit from the bones and tusks of elephants.
(c) It is transmitted from Tawus (may Allah have mercy on him) and Umar bin Abd al-Aziz (may Allah have mercy on him) that they both considered the use of ivory disliked.
(b) Imam al-Bayhaqi (may Allah have mercy on him) said: It is transmitted from Ata, the Successor (may Allah have mercy on him), that he considered it disliked to benefit from the bones and tusks of elephants.
(c) It is transmitted from Tawus (may Allah have mercy on him) and Umar bin Abd al-Aziz (may Allah have mercy on him) that they both considered the use of ivory disliked.
وَأَمَّا الْحَدِيثُ الَّذِي أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَلِيٍّ الرُّوذْبَارِيُّ، أنا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ دَاسَةَ، ثنا أَبُو دَاوُدَ، ثنا مُسَدَّدٌ، ح. وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعْدٍ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ الْخَلِيلِ، أنا أَبُو أَحْمَدَ بْنُ عَدِيٍّ، أنا الْفَضْلُ بْنُ الْحُبَابِ، ثنا مُسَدَّدٌ، ثنا عَبْدُ الْوَارِثِ بْنُ سَعِيدٍ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ جُحَادَةَ، عَنْ حُمَيْدٍ الشَّامِيِّ، عَنْ سُلَيْمَانَ الْمُنَبِّهِيِّ، عَنْ ثَوْبَانَ، مَوْلَى رَسُولِ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ، قَالَ: كَانَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ، إِذَا سَافَرَ كَانَ آخِرُ عَهْدِهِ بِإِنْسَانٍ مِنْ أَهْلِهِ فَاطِمَةَ، وَأَوَّلُ مَنْ يَدْخُلُ عَلَيْهَا إِذَا قَدِمَ فَاطِمَةُ فَقَدِمَ مِنْ غَزَاةٍ لَهُ وَقَدْ عَلَّقَتْ مَسْحًا أَوْ سِتْرًا عَلَى بَابِهَا، وَحَلَّتِ الْحَسَنَ وَالْحُسَيْنَ قُلْبَيْنِ مِنْ فِضَّةٍ، فَقَدِمَ فَلَمْ يَدْخُلْ، فَظَنَّتْ إِنَّمَا مَنَعَهُ أَنْ يَدْخُلَ مَا رَأَى، فَهَتَكَتِ السِّتْرَ وَفَكَّتِ الْقُلْبَيْنِ عَنِ الصَّبِيَّيْنِ وَقَطَّعَتْهُ بَيْنَهُمَا، فَانْطَلَقَا إِلَى رَسُولِ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ وَهُمَا يَبْكِيَانِ، فَأَخَذَهُ مِنْهُمَا، وَقَالَ: " يَا ثَوْبَانُ، اذْهَبْ بِهَذَا إِلَى آلِ فُلَانٍ أَهْلِ بَيْتٍ فِي الْمَدِينَةِ، إِنَّ هَؤُلَاءِ أَهْلُ بَيْتِي أَكْرَهُ أَنْ يَأْكُلُوا طَيِّبَاتِهِمْ فِي حَيَاتِهِمُ الدُّنْيَا. يَا ثَوْبَانُ، اشْتَرِ لِفَاطِمَةَ قِلَادَةً مِنْ عَصَبٍ، وَسِوَارَيْنِ مِنْ عَاجٍ ". قَالَ أَبُو أَحْمَدَ بْنُ عَدِيٍّ الْحَافِظُ: حُمَيْدٌ الشَّامِيُّ هَذَا إِنَّمَا أُنْكِرُ عَلَيْهِ هَذَا الْحَدِيثَ، وَهُوَ حَدِيثُهُ لَمْ أَعْلَمْ لَهُ غَيْرَهُ. أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعْدٍ الْمَالِينِيُّ، أَنَا أَبُو أَحْمَدَ بْنُ عَدِيِّ بْنِ أَبِي عِصْمَةَ، ثنا أَبُو طَالِبٍ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ حُمَيْدَةَ، قَالَ: سَأَلْتُ أَحْمَدَ بْنَ حَنْبَلٍ، عَنْ حُمَيْدٍ الشَّامِيِّ، هَذَا، قَالَ: لَا أَعْرِفُهُ، وَأنبأ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ الْحَافِظُ، وَأَبُو عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ السُّلَمِيُّ، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ الْأُشْنَانِيُّ، قَالُوا: أَنَا أَبُو الْحُسَيْنِ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَبْدُوسٍ، قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ عُثْمَانَ بْنَ سَعِيدٍ الدَّارِمِيَّ، يَقُولُ: قُلْتُ لِيَحْيَى بْنِ مَعِينٍ: فَحُمَيْدٌ الشَّامِيُّ كَيْفَ حَدِيثُهُ الَّذِي يَرْوِي حَدِيثَ ثَوْبَانَ، عَنْ سُلَيْمَانَ الْمُنَبِّهِيِّ؟ فَقَالَ: مَا أَعْرِفُهُمَا. ⦗٤٢⦘ وَرُوِيَ فِيهِ حَدِيثٌ آخَرُ مُنْكَرٌ.
It is narrated from Sayyiduna Thawban (may Allah be pleased with him), the freed slave (of the Messenger of Allah), that when the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) travelled, the last of his family whom he met was Sayyidah Fatimah (may Allah be pleased with her), and when he returned, the first house he came to was that of Sayyidah Fatimah (may Allah be pleased with her). He (peace and blessings be upon him) returned from an expedition, and a coarse cloth or a curtain was hanging on her door, and Sayyidah Fatimah (may Allah be pleased with her) had put two silver bracelets on Sayyiduna Hasan and Sayyiduna Husayn (may Allah be pleased with them both). He (peace and blessings be upon him) came but did not enter. Sayyidah Fatimah (may Allah be pleased with her) thought that what he (peace and blessings be upon him) had seen had kept him from entering. So Sayyidah Fatimah (may Allah be pleased with her) tore down the curtain, took the bracelets off the children and cut them into pieces between them. The two of them went to the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him), both weeping, and he (peace and blessings be upon him) took it from them and said: "O Thawban, take this to the family of so-and-so (a household in Madinah), for these are my household, and I dislike that they should consume their good things in the life of this world. O Thawban, buy for Fatimah (may Allah be pleased with her) a necklace made of sinew and two bracelets made of ivory."
Abu Ahmad bin Adi said: It is this hadith that is denounced against Humayd al-Shami, and I do not know of any other hadith of his. Imam Ahmad bin Hanbal (may Allah have mercy on him) said about Humayd al-Shami: I do not know him. Yahya bin Ma'in (may Allah have mercy on him) said: I do not know either of them (Humayd al-Shami and Sulayman al-Munabbihi). Another munkar (denounced) hadith has also been narrated on this subject.
Abu Ahmad bin Adi said: It is this hadith that is denounced against Humayd al-Shami, and I do not know of any other hadith of his. Imam Ahmad bin Hanbal (may Allah have mercy on him) said about Humayd al-Shami: I do not know him. Yahya bin Ma'in (may Allah have mercy on him) said: I do not know either of them (Humayd al-Shami and Sulayman al-Munabbihi). Another munkar (denounced) hadith has also been narrated on this subject.
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو زَكَرِيَّا بْنُ أَبِي إِسْحَاقَ، أنبأ أَبُو الْحَسَنِ الطَّرَائِفِيُّ، ح. وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْخَيْرِ جَامِعُ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ الْمُحَمَّدَ آبَادِيُّ وَاللَّفْظُ لَهُ، أنا أَبُو طَاهِرٍ الْمَجْدَ آبَادِيُّ، قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عُثْمَانُ بْنُ سَعِيدٍ الدَّارِمِيُّ، ثنا يَزِيدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ رَبِهِ الْجُرْجُسِيُّ، ثنا بَقِيَّةُ بْنُ الْوَلِيدِ، عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ خَالِدٍ، عَنْ قَتَادَةَ، عَنْ أَنَسٍ، قَالَ: " كَانَ النَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ إِذَا أَخَذَ مَضْجَعَهُ مِنَ اللَّيْلِ وَضَعَ طَهُورَهُ وَسِوَاكَهُ وَمِشْطَهُ، فَإِذَا هَبَّهُ اللهُ تَعَالَى مِنَ اللَّيْلِ اسْتَاكَ، وَتَوَضَّأَ وَامْتَشَطَ ". قَالَ: " وَرَأَيْتُ رَسُولَ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ يَتَمَشَّطُ بِمُشْطٍ مِنْ عَاجٍ ". قَالَ عُثْمَانُ: هَذَا مُنْكَرٌ. قَالَ الشَّيْخُ: رِوَايَةُ بَقِيَّةَ عَنْ شِيُوخِهِ الْمَجْهُولِينَ ضَعِيفَةٌ. وَقَدْ قَالَ أَبُو سُلَيْمَانَ الْخَطَّابِيُّ: قَالَ الْأَصْمَعِيُّ الْعَاجُ الذَّبْلُ وَيُقَالُ: هُوَ عَظْمُ ظَهْرِ السُّلَحْفَاةِ الْبَحْرِيَّةِ. وَأَمَّا الْعَاجُ الَّذِي تَعْرِفُهُ الْعَامَّةُ فَهُوَ عَظْمُ أَنْيَابِ الْفِيَلَةِ وَهُوَ مَيْتَةٌ لَا يَجُوزُ اسْتِعْمَالُهُ.
It is narrated from Sayyiduna Anas (may Allah be pleased with him) that when the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) went to his bed to sleep at night, he would also set down his water vessel, his tooth-stick (miswak) and his comb. When Allah Almighty woke him (peace and blessings be upon him) during the night, he (peace and blessings be upon him) would use the miswak, perform ablution and comb his hair. Sayyiduna Anas (may Allah be pleased with him) said: I saw the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) combing his hair with a comb made of ivory.
(b) Uthman said: This narration is munkar (denounced).
(c) Al-Asma'i said that 'aj refers to dhabl (tortoiseshell), and some said: it is the bone of the back of the large sea turtle. As for the 'aj that the common people know, it is the bone of elephants' tusks, and it is carcass; using anything of it is not permissible.
Baqiyyah's narration from his unknown shaykhs is weak.
(b) Uthman said: This narration is munkar (denounced).
(c) Al-Asma'i said that 'aj refers to dhabl (tortoiseshell), and some said: it is the bone of the back of the large sea turtle. As for the 'aj that the common people know, it is the bone of elephants' tusks, and it is carcass; using anything of it is not permissible.
Baqiyyah's narration from his unknown shaykhs is weak.
