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السنن الكبرى للبيهقي
Sunan al-Kubra al-Bayhaqi
كتاب الزكاة
Book of Zakah
باب: تعجيل الصدقة
Chapter: Paying zakah early
Bayhaqi 7368 — Paying zakah early
اُردوEn
أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ الْحَافِظُ، ثنا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ جَعْفَرٍ الْقَطِيعِيُّ، ثنا عَبْدُ اللهِ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ حَنْبَلٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبِي، ثنا عَلِيُّ بْنُ حَفْصٍ، ثنا وَرْقَاءُ، عَنْ أَبِي الزِّنَادِ، عَنِ الْأَعْرَجِ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ قَالَ: بَعَثَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ عُمَرَ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ عَلَى الصَّدَقَةِ فَقِيلَ: مَنَعَ ابْنُ جَمِيلٍ وَخَالِدُ بْنُ الْوَلِيدِ وَالْعَبَّاسُ عَمُّ رَسُولِ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ، فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ: " مَا يَنْقِمُ ابْنُ جَمِيلٍ ⦗١٨٨⦘ إِلَّا أَنَّهُ كَانَ فَقِيرًا فَأَغْنَاهُ اللهُ، وَأَمَّا خَالِدٌ فَإِنَّكُمْ تَظْلِمُونَ خَالِدًا قَدِ احْتَبَسَ أَعْتُدَهُ وَأَدْرُعَهُ فِي سَبِيلِ اللهِ، وَأَمَّا الْعَبَّاسُ فَهِيَ عَلَيَّ وَمِثْلُهَا مَعَهَا " ثُمَّ قَالَ: " يَا عُمَرُ أَمَا عَلِمْتَ أَنَّ عَمَّ الرَّجُلِ صِنْوُ أَبِيهِ " رَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ عَنْ زُهَيْرِ بْنِ حَرْبٍ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ حَفْصٍ بِهَذَا اللَّفْظِ إِلَّا أَنَّهُ قَالَ: وَأَعْتَادُهُ، وَكَذَلِكَ رَوَاهُ شَبَابَةُ عَنْ وَرْقَاءَ وَرَوَاهُ شُعَيْبُ بْنُ أَبِي حَمْزَةَ عَنْ أَبِي الزِّنَادِ فَقَالَ فِي الْحَدِيثِ: فَهِيَ عَلَيْهِ صَدَقَةٌ وَمِثْلُهَا مَعَهَا وَمِنْ حَدِيثِ شُعَيْبٍ أَخْرَجَهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي الصَّحِيحِ ثُمَّ قَالَ: تَابَعَهُ ابْنُ أَبِي الزِّنَادِ عَنْ أَبِيهِ وَقَالَ ابْنُ إِسْحَاقَ عَنْ أَبِي الزِّنَادِ: هِيَ عَلَيْهِ وَمِثْلُهَا مَعَهَا. قَالَ الشَّيْخُ: وَكَمَا رَوَاهُ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ رَوَاهُ أَبُو أُوَيْسٍ الْمَدَنِيُّ عَنْ أَبِي الزِّنَادِ وَكَذَلِكَ هُوَ عِنْدَنَا مِنْ حَدِيثِ ابْنِ أَبِي الزِّنَادِ عَنْ أَبِيهِ وَحَمَلُوهُ عَلَى أَنَّهُ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ كَانَ أَخَّرَ عَنْهُ الصَّدَقَةَ عَامَيْنِ مِنْ حَاجَةٍ بِالْعَبَّاسِ إِلَيْهَا، وَالَّذِي رَوَاهُ وَرْقَاءُ عَلَى أَنَّهُ كَانَ تَسَلَّفَ مِنْهُ صَدَقَةَ عَامَيْنِ، وَفِي ذَلِكَ دَلِيلٌ عَلَى جَوَازِ تَعْجِيلِ الصَّدَقَةِ، فَأَمَّا الَّذِي رَوَاهُ شُعَيْبُ بْنُ أَبِي حَمْزَةَ فَإِنَّهُ يَبْعُدُ مِنَ أَنْ يَكُونَ مَحْفُوظًا؛ لِأَنَّ الْعَبَّاسَ كَانَ رَجُلًا مِنْ صُلْبِيَّةِ بَنِي هَاشِمٍ تَحْرُمُ عَلَيْهِ الصَّدَقَةُ، فَكَيْفَ يَجْعَلُ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ مَا عَلَيْهِ مِنْ صَدَقَةِ عَامَيْنِ صَدَقَةً عَلَيْهِ؟ وَرَوَاهُ مُوسَى بْنُ عُقْبَةَ عَنْ أَبِي الزِّنَادِ فَقَالَ فِي الْحَدِيثِ: فَهِيَ لَهُ وَمِثْلُهَا مَعَهَا، وَقَدْ يُقَالُ لَهُ بِمَعْنَى عَلَيْهِ فَرِوَايَتُهُ مَحْمُولَةٌ عَلَى سَائِرِ الرِّوَايَاتِ وَقَدْ يَكُونُ الْمُرَادُ بِقَوْلِهِ: فَهِيَ عَلَيْهِ أَيْ عَلَى النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ لِيَكُونَ مُوَافِقًا لِرِوَايَةِ وَرْقَاءَ، وَرِوَايَةُ وَرْقَاءَ أَوْلَى بِالصِّحَّةِ لِمُوَافَقَتِهَا مَا تَقَدَّمَ مِنَ الرِّوَايَاتِ الصَّرِيحَةِ بِالِاسْتِسْلَافِ وَالتَّعْجِيلِ وَاللهُ أَعْلَمُ.
Sayyiduna Abu Hurayrah (may Allah be pleased with him) said: The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) sent Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) to collect zakah, and it was said that Ibn Jamil, Khalid bin al-Walid and Abbas (may Allah be pleased with them) had not given zakah. The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Ibn Jamil resents nothing except that he was poor and Allah made him rich. As for Khalid, you are wronging him; he has dedicated his armour and his equipment in the path of Allah. As for Abbas, his zakah is upon me, and as much again with it." Then he said: "O Umar! Do you not know that a man's uncle is like his father?"
In the narration of Shu'ayb bin Abi Hamzah from Abu al-Zinad it says: "then it is a charity due from him, and as much again with it." Ibn Ishaq and Abu Uways al-Madani from Abu al-Zinad, and Ibn Abi al-Zinad from his father, narrated: "it is due from him, and as much again with it." They understood this to mean that he (peace and blessings be upon him) had deferred the zakah for Sayyiduna Abbas (may Allah be pleased with him) for two years because of a need he had, while the narration of Warqa' means that he had taken two years' zakah from him in advance; and in this is evidence that paying zakah in advance is permissible. As for what Shu'ayb bin Abi Hamzah narrated, it is unlikely to be preserved, because Sayyiduna Abbas (may Allah be pleased with him) was of the direct lineage of Banu Hashim, for whom zakah is forbidden; so how could the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) make the two years' zakah due from him a charity to him? Musa bin Uqbah narrated from Abu al-Zinad: "then it is for him, and as much again with it"; "for him" can be used in the sense of "due from him", so his narration is understood in line with the other narrations. It may also be that "it is due from him" means due from the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him), so that it agrees with the narration of Warqa'. The narration of Warqa' is more worthy of being authentic, because it agrees with the earlier narrations that explicitly mention taking in advance and hastening. And Allah knows best.
In the narration of Shu'ayb bin Abi Hamzah from Abu al-Zinad it says: "then it is a charity due from him, and as much again with it." Ibn Ishaq and Abu Uways al-Madani from Abu al-Zinad, and Ibn Abi al-Zinad from his father, narrated: "it is due from him, and as much again with it." They understood this to mean that he (peace and blessings be upon him) had deferred the zakah for Sayyiduna Abbas (may Allah be pleased with him) for two years because of a need he had, while the narration of Warqa' means that he had taken two years' zakah from him in advance; and in this is evidence that paying zakah in advance is permissible. As for what Shu'ayb bin Abi Hamzah narrated, it is unlikely to be preserved, because Sayyiduna Abbas (may Allah be pleased with him) was of the direct lineage of Banu Hashim, for whom zakah is forbidden; so how could the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) make the two years' zakah due from him a charity to him? Musa bin Uqbah narrated from Abu al-Zinad: "then it is for him, and as much again with it"; "for him" can be used in the sense of "due from him", so his narration is understood in line with the other narrations. It may also be that "it is due from him" means due from the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him), so that it agrees with the narration of Warqa'. The narration of Warqa' is more worthy of being authentic, because it agrees with the earlier narrations that explicitly mention taking in advance and hastening. And Allah knows best.
