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السنن الكبرى للبيهقي
Sunan al-Kubra al-Bayhaqi
كتاب الزكاة
Book of Zakah
باب: كيف فرض الصدقة
Chapter: How zakah was made obligatory
Bayhaqi 7255 — How zakah was made obligatory
اُردوEn
حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْحُسَيْنِ السُّلَمِيُّ، ثنا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْمُؤَمَّلِ، ثنا الْفَضْلُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ الْمُسَيَّبِ، ثنا الْحَكَمُ بْنُ مُوسَى، ح وَحَدَّثَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ السُّلَمِيُّ، وَأَبُو نَصْرٍ عُمَرُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ بْنِ عُمَرَ بْنِ قَتَادَةَ قَالَا: أنبأ أَبُو عَمْرٍو مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ جَعْفَرِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ مَطَرٍ، ثنا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْجَبَّارِ الصُّوفِيُّ، ثنا الْحَكَمُ بْنُ مُوسَى، ثنا يَحْيَى بْنُ حَمْزَةَ، عَنْ سُلَيْمَانَ بْنِ دَاوُدَ، حَدَّثَنِي الزُّهْرِيُّ، عَنْ أَبِي بَكْرِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَمْرِو بْنِ حَزْمٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ جَدِّهِ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ كَتَبَ إِلَى أَهْلِ الْيَمَنِ بِكِتَابٍ فِيهِ الْفَرَائِضُ وَالسُّنَنُ وَالدِّيَاتُ وَبَعَثَ بِهِ مَعَ عَمْرِو بْنِ حَزْمٍ وَقُرِئَتْ عَلَى أَهْلِ الْيَمَنِ وَهَذِهِ نُسْخَتُهَا: " بِسْمِ اللهِ الرَّحْمَنِ الرَّحِيمِ مِنْ مُحَمَّدٍ النَّبِيِّ إِلَى شُرَحْبِيلَ بْنِ عَبْدِ كُلَالٍ وَنُعَيْمِ بْنِ عَبْدِ كُلَالٍ وَالْحَارِثِ بْنِ عَبْدِ كُلَالٍ قِيلَ ذِي رُعَيْنٍ وَمَعَافِرَ وَهَمْدَانَ أَمَّا بَعْدُ، فَقَدْ رُفِعَ رَسُولُكُمْ وَأَعْطَيْتُمْ مِنَ الْمَغَانِمِ خُمْسَ اللهِ وَمَا كَتَبَ اللهُ عَلَى الْمُؤْمِنِينَ مِنَ الْعُشْرِ فِي الْعَقَارِ مَا سَقَتِ السَّمَاءُ وَكَانَ سَيْحًا أَوْ كَانَ بَعْلًا فَفِيهِ الْعُشْرُ إِذَا بَلَغَ خَمْسَةَ أَوْسُقٍ، وَمَا سُقِيَ بِالرِّشَاءِ وَالدَّالِيَةِ فَفِيهِ نِصْفُ الْعُشْرِ إِذَا بَلَغَ خَمْسَةَ أَوْسُقٍ، وَفِي كُلِّ خَمْسٍ مِنَ الْإِبِلِ سَائِمَةُ شَاةٍ إِلَى أَنْ تَبْلُغَ أَرْبَعًا وَعِشْرِينَ، فَإِذَا زَادَتْ وَاحِدَةً عَلَى أَرْبَعٍ وَعِشْرِينَ فَفِيهَا ابْنَةُ مَخَاضٍ فَإِنْ لَمْ تُوجَدِ ابْنَةُ مَخَاضٍ فَابْنُ لَبُونٍ ذَكَرٌ إِلَى أَنْ تَبْلُغَ خَمْسًا وَثَلَاثِينَ، فَإِذَا زَادَتْ عَلَى خَمْسٍ وَثَلَاثِينَ وَاحِدَةً فَفِيهَا ابْنَةُ لَبُونٍ إِلَى أَنْ تَبْلُغَ خَمْسًا وَأَرْبَعِينَ، فَإِنْ زَادَتْ وَاحِدَةً عَلَى خَمْسٍ وَأَرْبَعِينَ فَفِيهَا حِقَّةٌ طَرُوقَةُ الْجَمَلِ إِلَى أَنْ تَبْلُغَ سِتِّينَ، فَإِنْ زَادَتْ عَلَى سِتِّينَ وَاحِدَةً فَفِيهَا جَذَعَةٌ إِلَى أَنْ تَبْلُغَ ⦗١٥٠⦘ خَمْسًا وَسَبْعِينَ، فَإِنْ زَادَتْ وَاحِدَةً عَلَى خَمْسٍ وَسَبْعِينَ فَفِيهَا ابْنَتَا لَبُونٍ إِلَى أَنْ تَبْلُغَ تِسْعِينَ فَإِنْ زَادَتْ وَاحِدَةً عَلَى التِّسْعِينَ فَفِيهَا حِقَّتَانِ طَرُوقَتَا الْجَمَلِ إِلَى أَنْ تَبْلُغَ عِشْرِينَ وَمِائَةٍ فَمَا زَادَ عَلَى عِشْرِينَ وَمِائَةٍ، فَفِي كُلِّ أَرْبَعِينَ بِنْتُ لَبُونٍ وَفِي كُلِّ خَمْسِينَ حِقَّةٌ طَرُوقَةُ الْجَمَلِ وَفِي كُلِّ ثَلَاثِينَ بَاقُورَةً تَبِيعُ جِذْعٍ أَوْ جَذَعَةٍ، وَفِي كُلِّ أَرْبَعِينَ بَاقُورَةً بَقَرَةٌ وَفِي كُلِّ أَرْبَعِينَ شَاةً سَائِمَةُ شَاةٍ إِلَى أَنْ تَبْلُغَ عِشْرِينَ وَمِائَةٍ، فَإِنْ زَادَتْ عَلَى عِشْرِينَ وَمِائَةٍ وَاحِدَةً فَفِيهَا شَاتَانِ إِلَى أَنْ تَبْلُغَ مِائَتَيْنِ، فَإِنْ زَادَتْ وَاحِدَةً فَفِيهَا ثَلَاثٌ إِلَى أَنْ تَبْلُغَ ثَلَاثَمِائَةٍ، فَإِنْ زَادَتْ فَفِي كُلِّ مِائَةِ شَاةٍ شَاةٌ وَلَا تُؤْخَذُ فِي الصَّدَقَةِ هَرِمَةٌ وَلَا عَجْفَاءُ وَلَا ذَاتُ عَوَارٍ وَلَا تَيْسُ الْغَنَمِ وَلَا يُجْمَعُ بَيْنَ مُتَفَرِّقٍ وَلَا يُفَرَّقُ بَيْنَ مُجْتَمِعٍ خَشْيَةَ الصَّدَقَةِ وَمَا أُخِذَ مِنَ الْخَلِيطَيْنِ فَإِنَّهُمَا يَتَرَاجَعَانِ بَيْنَهُمَا بِالسَّوِيَّةِ وَفِي كُلِّ خَمْسِ أَوَاقٍ مِنَ الْوَرِقِ خَمْسَةُ دَرَاهِمَ، وَمَا زَادَ فَفِي كُلِّ أَرْبَعِينَ دِرْهَمًا دِرْهَمٌ وَلَيْسَ فِيمَا دُونَ خَمْسِ أَوَاقٍ شَيْءٌ، وَفِي كُلِّ أَرْبَعِينَ دِينَارًا دِينَارٌ وَإِنَّ الصَّدَقَةَ لَا تَحِلُّ لِمُحَمَّدٍ وَأَهْلِ بَيْتِهِ، إِنَّمَا هِيَ الزَّكَاةُ تُزَكَّى بِهَا أَنْفُسُهُمْ وَلِفُقَرَاءِ الْمُسْلِمِينَ وَفِي سَبِيلِ اللهِ، وَلَيْسَ فِي رَقِيقٍ وَلَا مَزْرَعَةٍ وَلَا عُمَّالِهَا شَيْءٌ إِذَا كَانَتْ تُؤَدِّي صَدَقَتَهَا مِنَ الْعُشْرِ وَإِنَّهُ لَيْسَ فِي عَبْدٍ مُسْلِمٍ وَلَا فِي فَرَسِهِ شَيْءٌ ". قَالَ يَحْيَى: أَفْضَلُ، ثُمَّ قَالَ كَانَ فِي الْكِتَابِ: " إِنَّ أَكْبَرَ الْكَبَائِرِ عِنْدَ اللهِ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ إِشْرَاكٌ بِاللهِ وَقَتْلُ النَّفْسِ الْمُؤْمِنَةِ بِغَيْرِ حَقٍّ وَالْفِرَارُ يَوْمَ الزَّحْفِ فِي سَبِيلِ اللهِ وَعُقُوقُ الْوَالِدَيْنِ وَرَمْيُ الْمُحْصَنَةِ وَتَعَلُّمُ السِّحْرِ وَأَكْلُ الرِّبَا وَأَكْلَ مَالِ الْيَتِيمِ، وَإِنَّ الْعُمْرَةَ الْحَجُّ الْأَصْغَرُ، وَلَا يَمَسُّ الْقُرْآنَ إِلَّا طَاهِرٌ، وَلَا طَلَاقَ قَبْلَ إِمْلَاكٍ، وَلَا عَتَاقَ حَتَّى يُبْتَاعَ، وَلَا يُصَلِّيَنَّ أَحَدُكُمْ فِي ثَوْبٍ وَاحِدٍ لَيْسَ عَلَى مَنْكِبِهِ شَيْءٌ وَلَا يَحْتَبِيَنَّ فِي ثَوْبٍ وَاحِدٍ لَيْسَ بَيْنَ فَرْجِهِ وَبَيْنَ السَّمَاءِ شَيْءٌ وَلَا يُصَلِّيَنَّ أَحَدُكُمْ فِي ثَوْبٍ وَاحِدٍ وَشِقُّهُ بَادٍ، وَلَا يُصَلِّيَنَّ أَحَدٌ مِنْكُمْ عَاقِصٌ شَعْرَهُ " وَكَانَ فِي الْكِتَابِ: " إِنَّ مَنِ اعْتَبَطَ مُؤْمِنًا قَتْلًا عَنْ بَيِّنَةٍ فَإِنَّهُ قَوَدٌ إِلَّا أَنْ يَرْضَى أَوْلِيَاءُ الْمَقْتُولِ، وَإِنَّ فِي النَّفْسِ الدِّيَةَ مِائَةً مِنَ الْإِبِلِ، وَفِي الْأَنْفِ إِذَا أُوعِبَ جَدْعُهُ الدِّيَةُ وَفِي اللِّسَانِ الدِّيَةُ، وَفِيُ الْبَيْضَتَيْنِ الدِّيَةُ وَفِي الذِّكْرِ الدِّيَةُ وَفِي الصُّلْبِ الدِّيَةُ، وَفِي الْعَيْنَيْنِ الدِّيَةُ وَفِي الرِّجْلِ الْوَاحِدَةِ نِصْفُ الدِّيَةِ، وَفِي الْمَأْمُومَةِ ثُلُثُ الدِّيَةِ، وَفِي الْجَائِفَةِ ثُلُثُ الدِّيَةِ، وَفِي الْمُنَقِّلَةِ خَمْسَ عَشْرَةَ مِنَ الْإِبِلِ وَفِي كُلِّ أُصْبُعٍ مِنَ الْأَصَابِعِ مِنَ الْيَدِ وَالرِّجْلِ عَشْرٌ مِنَ الْإِبِلِ، وَفِي السِّنِّ خَمْسٌ مِنَ الْإِبِلِ وَفِي الْمُوضِحَةِ خَمْسٌ مِنَ الْإِبِلِ، وَإِنَّ الرَّجُلَ يُقْتَلُ بِالْمَرْأَةِ وَعَلَى أَهْلِ الذَّهَبِ أَلْفُ دِينَارٍ "⦗١٥١⦘ أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعْدٍ الْمَالِينِيُّ، أَنْبَأَ أَبُو أَحْمَدَ بْنُ عَدِيٍّ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ عَبْدَ اللهِ بْنَ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ يَقُولُ: سَمِعْتُ أَحْمَدَ بْنَ حَنْبَلٍ وَسُئِلَ عَنْ حَدِيثِ الصَّدَقَاتِ هَذَا الَّذِي يَرْوِيهِ يَحْيَى بْنُ حَمْزَةَ أَصَحِيحٌ هُوَ فَقَالَ: أَرْجُو أَنْ يَكُونَ صَحِيحًا. قَالَ وَسَمِعْتُ عَبْدَ اللهِ بْنَ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ يَقُولُ وَقَدْ حَدَّثَنَا عَنِ الْحَكَمِ بْنِ مُوسَى عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ حَمْزَةَ عَنْ سُلَيْمَانَ بْنِ دَاوُدَ عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ بِحَدِيثِ الصَّدَقَاتِ فَقَالَ: قَدْ أَخْرَجَ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ حَنْبَلٍ هَذَا الْحَدِيثَ فِي مُسْنَدِهِ عَنِ الْحَكَمِ بْنِ مُوسَى عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ حَمْزَةَ. قَالَ أَبُو أَحْمَدَ: وَقَدْ رَوَى عَنْ سُلَيْمَانَ بْنِ دَاوُدَ يَحْيَى بْنُ حَمْزَةَ وَصَدَقَةُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللهِ مِنَ الشَّامِيِّينَ، وَأَمَّا حَدِيثُ الصَّدَقَاتِ فَلَهُ أَصْلٌ فِي بَعْضِ مَا رَوَاهُ مَعْمَرٌ عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ عَنْ أَبِي بَكْرِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَمْرِو بْنِ حَزْمٍ فَأُفْسِدَ إِسْنَادُهُ وَحَدِيثُ سُلَيْمَانَ بْنِ دَاوُدَ مُجَوَّدُ الْإِسْنَادِ قَالَ الشَّيْخُ: وَقَدْ أَثْنَى عَلَى سُلَيْمَانَ بْنِ دَاوُدَ الْخَوْلَانِيِّ هَذَا أَبُو زُرْعَةَ الرَّازِيُّ وَأَبُو حَاتِمٍ الرَّازِيُّ وَعُثْمَانُ بْنُ سَعِيدٍ الدَّارِمِيُّ وَجَمَاعَةٌ مِنَ الْحُفَّاظِ وَرَأَوْا هَذَا الْحَدِيثَ الَّذِي رَوَاهُ فِي الصَّدَقَةِ مَوْصُولَ الْإِسْنَادِ حَسَنًا وَاللهُ أَعْلَمُ.
Abu Bakr bin Muhammad bin Amr bin Hazm narrates from his father, and he from his grandfather (Amr bin Hazm, may Allah be pleased with him), that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) wrote a document to the people of Yemen containing the obligatory duties, the sunan and the blood-money rulings, and sent it with Amr bin Hazm (may Allah be pleased with him). It was read out to the people of Yemen, and this is its text: "'Bismillahir-Rahmanir-Rahim' (In the name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful). From Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him), the Prophet of Allah, to Shurahbil bin Abd Kulal, Nu'aym bin Abd Kulal and al-Harith bin Abd Kulal, the chiefs of Dhu Ru'ayn, Ma'afir and Hamdan. To proceed: your envoy has reached us, and you have given the fifth (khums) of Allah from the spoils. What Allah has prescribed upon the believers of the tenth ('ushr) is this: on land watered by the sky, whether by running water or by its roots, there is a tenth when it reaches five wasq; and whatever is watered by ropes and water-wheels, there is half a tenth when it reaches five wasq (20 maunds). On every five grazing camels there is one goat, until they reach twenty-four. When there is one more than twenty-four, there is a bint makhad. If a bint makhad is not available, then an ibn labun (a two-year-old male), until their number reaches thirty-five. If there is one more than thirty-five, there is a bint labun up to forty-five. When there is one more, there is a hiqqah up to sixty. If there is one more than sixty, there is a jadha'ah up to seventy-five. When there is one more than seventy-five, there are two bint labun up to ninety. When there is one more than ninety, there are two hiqqahs fit for mating, up to one hundred and twenty. Then when they exceed one hundred and twenty, on every forty a bint labun and on every fifty a hiqqah fit to receive the camel. On thirty cows there is a one-year-old male or female calf (tabi'), and on forty cows one cow. On forty grazing sheep there is one sheep up to one hundred and twenty. If they exceed one hundred and twenty, two sheep up to two hundred; if more than that, three sheep up to three hundred; if more than that, on every hundred one sheep. In zakah, neither an old sheep, nor a defective one, nor a billy-goat is to be given. Separate flocks are not to be combined, nor flocks grazing together separated, for fear of zakah. Whatever is taken from partners, they will settle it equally between themselves. On every five uqiyah of silver there are five dirhams, and whatever is more, on every forty dirhams one dirham, and on less than five uqiyah there is nothing. On every forty dinars there is one dinar. Know that charity is not lawful for Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him) and his household; it is only the zakah by which people's souls are purified, and it is for the poor of the Muslims and for the path of Allah. There is nothing due on a slave, nor on a farm or its workers, when it is paying its charity from the tenth. And zakah is not due on a Muslim slave, nor on his horse."
Then he said that this document also contained: "Among the major sins in the sight of Allah Almighty on the Day of Resurrection are associating partners with Allah, killing a believing soul without right, fleeing from the battlefield while fighting in the path of Allah, disobedience to parents, slandering a chaste woman, learning magic, consuming usury (riba) and consuming the wealth of an orphan. Indeed, Umrah is the lesser Hajj. The Qur'an is not to be touched without purity. There is no divorce before marriage, and no freeing of a slave before buying him. None of you should pray in a single garment while there is nothing on his shoulders; nor should anyone sit with his knees drawn up (ihtiba') in a single garment while there is nothing between his private parts and the sky; nor should any of you pray in a single garment with one side of him exposed; nor should any of you pray while his hair is tied up." This document also contained: "Whoever kills a believer without justification, with clear proof, is subject to retaliation (qisas), unless the heirs of the slain are satisfied. The blood-money for a life is one hundred camels. For the nose, when it is cut off from the root, there is the full blood-money; for the tongue there is blood-money; for the two testicles there is blood-money; for the penis there is blood-money; for the back (the spine) there is blood-money; for the two eyes there is blood-money; for one leg there is half the blood-money; for a head wound that reaches the membrane of the brain there is a third of the blood-money; for a wound penetrating the abdomen there is a third of the blood-money; for a wound that displaces bone there are fifteen camels; for each finger or toe of the hand or foot there are ten camels; for a tooth the blood-money is five camels; and for a wound that exposes the bone there are five camels. A man is to be killed in retaliation for a woman. And upon the people of gold (dinars), the blood-money is one thousand dinars."
Ahmad bin Hanbal was asked about this hadith of the zakah dues narrated by Yahya bin Hamzah, whether it is sahih, and he said: I hope that it is sahih. Abu Ahmad bin Adi said: The hadith of the zakah dues has a basis in some of what Ma'mar narrated from al-Zuhri from Abu Bakr bin Muhammad bin Amr bin Hazm, but its chain was corrupted, while the hadith of Sulayman bin Dawud has a good (mujawwad) chain. The Shaykh (al-Bayhaqi) said: Abu Zur'ah al-Razi, Abu Hatim al-Razi, Uthman bin Sa'id al-Darimi and a group of the hadith masters praised this Sulayman bin Dawud al-Khawlani, and they considered this hadith which he narrated about zakah, with its connected chain, to be hasan (good). And Allah knows best.
Then he said that this document also contained: "Among the major sins in the sight of Allah Almighty on the Day of Resurrection are associating partners with Allah, killing a believing soul without right, fleeing from the battlefield while fighting in the path of Allah, disobedience to parents, slandering a chaste woman, learning magic, consuming usury (riba) and consuming the wealth of an orphan. Indeed, Umrah is the lesser Hajj. The Qur'an is not to be touched without purity. There is no divorce before marriage, and no freeing of a slave before buying him. None of you should pray in a single garment while there is nothing on his shoulders; nor should anyone sit with his knees drawn up (ihtiba') in a single garment while there is nothing between his private parts and the sky; nor should any of you pray in a single garment with one side of him exposed; nor should any of you pray while his hair is tied up." This document also contained: "Whoever kills a believer without justification, with clear proof, is subject to retaliation (qisas), unless the heirs of the slain are satisfied. The blood-money for a life is one hundred camels. For the nose, when it is cut off from the root, there is the full blood-money; for the tongue there is blood-money; for the two testicles there is blood-money; for the penis there is blood-money; for the back (the spine) there is blood-money; for the two eyes there is blood-money; for one leg there is half the blood-money; for a head wound that reaches the membrane of the brain there is a third of the blood-money; for a wound penetrating the abdomen there is a third of the blood-money; for a wound that displaces bone there are fifteen camels; for each finger or toe of the hand or foot there are ten camels; for a tooth the blood-money is five camels; and for a wound that exposes the bone there are five camels. A man is to be killed in retaliation for a woman. And upon the people of gold (dinars), the blood-money is one thousand dinars."
Ahmad bin Hanbal was asked about this hadith of the zakah dues narrated by Yahya bin Hamzah, whether it is sahih, and he said: I hope that it is sahih. Abu Ahmad bin Adi said: The hadith of the zakah dues has a basis in some of what Ma'mar narrated from al-Zuhri from Abu Bakr bin Muhammad bin Amr bin Hazm, but its chain was corrupted, while the hadith of Sulayman bin Dawud has a good (mujawwad) chain. The Shaykh (al-Bayhaqi) said: Abu Zur'ah al-Razi, Abu Hatim al-Razi, Uthman bin Sa'id al-Darimi and a group of the hadith masters praised this Sulayman bin Dawud al-Khawlani, and they considered this hadith which he narrated about zakah, with its connected chain, to be hasan (good). And Allah knows best.
