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السنن الكبرى للبيهقي
Sunan al-Kubra al-Bayhaqi
كتاب الشهادات
Book of Testimonies
باب: : ما جاء في قول الله عز وجل: {يا أيها الذين آمنوا شهادة بينكم إذا حضر أحدكم الموت حين الوصية اثنان ذوا عدل منكم أو آخران من غيركم}
Chapter: Reports on the words of Allah the Mighty and Majestic: O you who believe, the testimony among you when death approaches one of you at the time of bequest is that of two just men from among you, or two others from outside you
Bayhaqi 20621 — Reports on the words of Allah the Mighty and Majestic
اُردوEn
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو نَصْرِ بْنُ قَتَادَةَ، أنبأ أَبُو مَنْصُورٍ النَّضْرَوِيُّ، أنبأ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ نَجْدَةَ، ثنا سَعِيدُ بْنُ مَنْصُورٍ، ثنا خَالِدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللهِ، عَنْ يُونُسَ، عَنِ الْحَسَنِ، فِي قَوْلِهِ: {اثْنَانِ ذَوَا عَدْلٍ مِنْكُمْ أَوْ آخَرَانِ مِنْ غَيْرِكُمْ} [المائدة: ١٠٦] قَالَ: " مِنَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ، إِلَّا أَنَّهُ يَقُولُ: مِنَ الْقَبِيلَةِ أَوْ غَيْرِ الْقَبِيلَةِ "، زَادَ فِيهِ غَيْرُهُ عَنِ الْحَسَنِ: " أَلَا تَرَى أَنَّهُ يَقُولُ: " تَحْبِسُونَهُمَا مِنْ بَعْدِ الصَّلَاةِ "، وَرُوِّينَا، عَنْ عِكْرِمَةَ أَنَّهُ قَالَ: " {أَوْ آخَرَانِ مِنْ غَيْرِكُمْ} [المائدة: ١٠٦] قَالَ: " مِنَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ مِنْ غَيْرِ حَيِّهِ ". قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ رَحِمَهُ اللهُ: وَقَدْ سَمِعْتُ مَنْ يَذْكُرُ أَنَّهَا مَنْسُوخَةٌ بِقَوْلِ اللهِ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ: {وَأَشْهِدُوا ذَوَيْ عَدْلٍ مِنْكُمْ} [الطلاق: ٢] وَرَأَيْتُ مُفْتِيَّ أَهْلِ دَارِ الْهِجْرَةِ وَالسُّنَّةِ يُفْتُونَ أَنْ لَا تَجُوزَ شَهَادَةُ غَيْرِ الْمُسْلِمِينَ الْعُدُولِ، وَذَلِكَ قَوْلِي. وَحَكَى الشَّافِعِيُّ رَحِمَهُ اللهُ فِي مَوْضِعٍ آخَرَ، عَنِ ابْنِ الْمُسَيِّبِ، وَأَبِي بَكْرِ بْنِ حَزْمٍ، وَغَيْرِهِمَا أَنَّهُمْ أَبَوْا إِجَازَةَ شَهَادَةِ أَهْلِ الذِّمَّةِ قَالَ الشَّيْخُ: هَذَا مَعَ مَا رُوِيَ عَنِ ابْنِ الْمُسَيِّبِ أَنَّهُ كَانَ يَقُولُ فِي قَوْلِهِ: {أَوْ آخَرَانِ مِنْ غَيْرِكُمْ} [المائدة: ١٠٦] مِنْ أَهْلِ الْكِتَابِ، دَلَّ عَلَى أَنَّهُ اعْتَقَدَ فِيهَا النَّسْخَ أَوْ حَمَلَ الْآيَةَ عَلَى غَيْرِ الشَّهَادَةِ، كَمَا نَذْكُرُهُ إِنْ شَاءَ اللهُ تَعَالَى..
Yunus narrates from al-Hasan (may Allah have mercy on him) that regarding the saying of Allah: 'two just men from among you, or two others from outside you' [Surah al-Ma'idah: 106], (he said): from the Muslims, of the tribe or from outside the tribe.
Someone else narrated from al-Hasan (may Allah have mercy on him) the addition: 'You shall detain them both after the prayer.' [Surah al-Ma'idah: 106]
(b) Ikrimah (may Allah have mercy on him) says that 'or two others from outside you' means Muslims who are from other than your tribe.
Imam al-Shafi'i (may Allah have mercy on him) says: I heard some say that it is abrogated by the saying of Allah: 'And take as witnesses two just men from among you' [Surah al-Talaq: 2]. And I have seen the muftis of the people of the abode of Hijrah and the Sunnah give fatwas that the testimony of anyone other than just Muslims is not permissible, and that is my view.
It is reported from Imam al-Shafi'i (may Allah have mercy on him) that he related from Ibn al-Musayyib (may Allah have mercy on him), Abu Bakr bin Hazm (may Allah have mercy on him) and others that they refused to accept the testimony of the dhimmis.
The Shaykh (may Allah have mercy on him) says: This, together with what is narrated from Ibn al-Musayyib that he used to say regarding the saying of Allah, 'or two others from outside you' [Surah al-Ma'idah: 106]: from the People of the Book, shows that he held it to be abrogated, or applied the verse to something other than testimony.
Someone else narrated from al-Hasan (may Allah have mercy on him) the addition: 'You shall detain them both after the prayer.' [Surah al-Ma'idah: 106]
(b) Ikrimah (may Allah have mercy on him) says that 'or two others from outside you' means Muslims who are from other than your tribe.
Imam al-Shafi'i (may Allah have mercy on him) says: I heard some say that it is abrogated by the saying of Allah: 'And take as witnesses two just men from among you' [Surah al-Talaq: 2]. And I have seen the muftis of the people of the abode of Hijrah and the Sunnah give fatwas that the testimony of anyone other than just Muslims is not permissible, and that is my view.
It is reported from Imam al-Shafi'i (may Allah have mercy on him) that he related from Ibn al-Musayyib (may Allah have mercy on him), Abu Bakr bin Hazm (may Allah have mercy on him) and others that they refused to accept the testimony of the dhimmis.
The Shaykh (may Allah have mercy on him) says: This, together with what is narrated from Ibn al-Musayyib that he used to say regarding the saying of Allah, 'or two others from outside you' [Surah al-Ma'idah: 106]: from the People of the Book, shows that he held it to be abrogated, or applied the verse to something other than testimony.
