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السنن الكبرى للبيهقي
Sunan al-Kubra al-Bayhaqi
كتاب الشهادات
Book of Testimonies
باب: : من رد شهادة العبيد ومن قبلها
Chapter: Those who rejected the testimony of slaves and those who accepted it
Bayhaqi 20607 — Those who rejected the testimony of slaves and those
قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ رَحِمَهُ اللهُ: قَالَ اللهُ جَلَّ ثَنَاؤُهُ: {وَاسْتَشْهِدُوا شَهِيدَيْنِ مِنْ رِجَالِكُمْ} [البقرة: 282] قَالَ: وَرِجَالُنَا أَحْرَارُنَا، لَا مَمَالِيكُنَا الَّذِينَ يَغْلِبُهُمْ مَنْ يَمْلِكُهُمْ عَلَى كَثِيرٍ مِنْ أُمُورِهِمْ، فَلَا يَجُوزُ شَهَادَةُ مَمْلُوكٍ فِي شَيْءٍ وَإِنْ قَلَّ ".
Imam al-Shafi'i (may Allah have mercy on him) said: "Allah, exalted be His praise, says: 'And take two witnesses from among your men.' [Surah al-Baqarah: 282]"
He (Imam al-Shafi'i, may Allah have mercy on him) said: "And by 'our men' is meant our free people, not our slaves, over many of whose affairs their owners have control. Therefore the testimony of a slave is not permissible in any matter, however trivial that matter may be."
He (Imam al-Shafi'i, may Allah have mercy on him) said: "And by 'our men' is meant our free people, not our slaves, over many of whose affairs their owners have control. Therefore the testimony of a slave is not permissible in any matter, however trivial that matter may be."
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ الْحَافِظُ، وَأَبُو سَعِيدِ بْنُ أَبِي عَمْرٍو قَالَا: ثنا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ، ثنا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ مَرْزُوقٍ، ثنا أَبُو عَامِرٍ، عَنْ سُفْيَانَ، عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي نَجِيحٍ، عَنْ ⦗٢٧٢⦘ مُجَاهِدٍ، فِي قَوْلِهِ: {وَاسْتَشْهِدُوا شَهِيدَيْنِ مِنْ رِجَالِكُمْ} [البقرة: ٢٨٢] قَالَ: مِنَ الْأَحْرَارِ ".
Ibn Abi Najih (may Allah have mercy on him) narrates from Mujahid (may Allah have mercy on him) that in the saying of Allah, the Exalted, 'And take two witnesses from among your men' [Surah al-Baqarah: 282], 'men' (rijal) means free people.
