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السنن الكبرى للبيهقي
Sunan al-Kubra al-Bayhaqi
كتاب الشهادات
Book of Testimonies
باب: وجوه العلم بالشهادة
Chapter: The ways of knowing what one testifies to
Bayhaqi 20581 — The ways of knowing what one testifies to
قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ رَحِمَهُ اللهُ: مِنْهَا: مَا عَايَنَهُ الشَّاهِدُ، فَيَشْهَدُ بِالْمُعَايَنَةِ. قَالَ الشَّيْخُ: وَهِيَ الْأَفْعَالُ الَّتِي تُعَايِنُهَا فَتَشَهَدُ عَلَيْهَا بِالْمُعَايَنَةِ.
Imam al-Shafi'i (may Allah have mercy on him) said: "Among these (forms of testimony) is that which the witness has (himself) observed, so he testifies on the basis of observation."
The Shaykh (Imam al-Bayhaqi, may Allah have mercy on him) said: "What is meant by this are the actions that you observe and then testify to on the basis of observation."
The Shaykh (Imam al-Bayhaqi, may Allah have mercy on him) said: "What is meant by this are the actions that you observe and then testify to on the basis of observation."
حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْحَسَنِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْحُسَيْنِ بْنِ دَاوُدَ الْعَلَوِيُّ رَحِمَهُ اللهُ إِمْلَاءً، ثنا أَبُو حَامِدٍ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ يَحْيَى بْنِ بِلَالٍ الْبَزَّازُ، ثنا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ حَفْصِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللهِ، حَدَّثَنِي أَبِي، حَدَّثَنِي إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ طَهْمَانَ، عَنْ مُوسَى بْنِ عُقْبَةَ، عَنْ صَفْوَانَ بْنِ سُلَيْمٍ، عَنْ عَطَاءِ بْنِ يَسَارٍ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ أَنَّهُ قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ: " رَأَى عِيسَى ابْنُ مَرْيَمَ عَلَيْهِمَا السَّلَامُ رَجُلًا يَسْرِقُ، فَقَالَ: أَسَرَقْتَ؟ قَالَ: لَا، قَالَ: وَاللهِ الَّذِي لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا هُوَ؟ قَالَ: وَاللهِ الَّذِي لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا هُوَ، قَالَ: فَقَالَ عِيسَى عَلَيْهِ السَّلَامُ: آمَنْتُ بِاللهِ، وَكَذَّبْتُ بَصَرِي ". أَخْرَجَهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي الصَّحِيحِ فَقَالَ: وَقَالَ إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ طَهْمَانَ. قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَمِنْهَا مَا تَظَاهَرَتْ بِهِ الْأَخْبَارُ مِمَّا لَا يُمْكِنُ فِي أَكْثَرِهِ الْعَيَانُ، وَتَثْبُتُ مَعْرِفَتُهُ فِي الْقُلُوبِ، فَيَشْهَدُ عَلَيْهِ بِهَذَا الْوَجْهِ ".
It is narrated from Sayyiduna Abu Hurayrah (may Allah be pleased with him) that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Isa bin Maryam (peace be upon him) saw a man stealing, so he said to him: 'Did you steal?' He said: 'No.' He said: 'By Allah, besides whom there is no god?' He said: 'By Allah, besides whom there is no god.' Then Isa (peace be upon him) said: 'I believe in Allah, and I belie my eyes.'"
Imam al-Shafi'i (may Allah have mercy on him) said: And among them (the forms of testimony) is that which is attested by widespread reports, most of which cannot be witnessed directly, while knowledge of it becomes firmly established in the hearts; so he testifies to it on this basis.
Imam al-Shafi'i (may Allah have mercy on him) said: And among them (the forms of testimony) is that which is attested by widespread reports, most of which cannot be witnessed directly, while knowledge of it becomes firmly established in the hearts; so he testifies to it on this basis.
