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السنن الكبرى للبيهقي
Sunan al-Kubra al-Bayhaqi
كتاب آداب القاضي
Book of the Etiquette of the Judge
باب: إنصاف الخصمين في المدخل عليه، والاستماع منهما، والإنصاف لكل واحد منهما حتى تنفد حجته، وحسن الإقبال عليهما
Chapter: Treating both litigants equally in admitting them, listening to them, giving each his due until he has made his case, and attending well to both
Bayhaqi 20465 — Treating both litigants equally in admitting
اُردوEn
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْحَسَنِ بْنُ عَبْدَانَ، أنبأ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عُبَيْدٍ، ثنا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عَلِيٍّ الْخَزَّازُ، ثنا أُسَيْدُ بْنُ زَيْدٍ الْجَمَّالُ، ثنا عَمْرُو بْنُ شِمْرٍ ح وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو زَكَرِيَّا بْنُ أَبِي إِسْحَاقَ الْمُزَكِّي، أنبأ أَبُو مُحَمَّدِ بْنُ الْخُرَاسَانِيِّ، ثنا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عُبَيْدِ بْنِ أَبِي هَارُونَ، ثنا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ حَبِيبٍ، ثنا عَمْرُو بْنُ شِمْرٍ، عَنْ جَابِرٍ، عَنِ الشَّعْبِيِّ، قَالَ: خَرَجَ عَلِيُّ بْنُ أَبِي طَالِبٍ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ إِلَى السُّوقِ، فَإِذَا هُوَ بِنَصْرَانِيٍّ يَبِيعُ دِرْعًا، قَالَ: فَعَرَفَ عَلِيٌّ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ الدِّرْعَ فَقَالَ: هَذِهِ دِرْعِي، بَيْنِي وَبَيْنَكَ قَاضِي الْمُسْلِمِينَ، قَالَ: وَكَانَ قَاضِيَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ شُرَيْحٌ، كَانَ عَلِيٌّ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ اسْتَقْضَاهُ، قَالَ: فَلَمَّا رَأَى شُرَيْحٌ أَمِيرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ قَامَ مِنْ مَجْلِسِ الْقَضَاءِ، وَأَجْلَسَ عَلِيًّا رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ فِي مَجْلِسِهِ، وَجَلَسَ شُرَيْحٌ قُدَّامَهُ إِلَى جَنْبِ النَّصْرَانِيِّ، فَقَالَ لَهُ عَلِيٌّ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ: أَمَا يَا شُرَيْحُ لَوْ كَانَ خَصْمِي مُسْلِمًا لَقَعَدْتُ مَعَهُ مَجْلِسَ الْخَصْمِ، وَلَكِنِّي سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ يَقُولُ: " لَا تُصَافِحُوهُمْ، وَلَا تَبْدَؤُوهُمْ بِالسَّلَامِ، وَلَا تَعُودُوا مَرْضَاهُمْ، وَلَا تُصَلُّوا عَلَيْهِمْ، وَأَلْجِئُوهُمْ إِلَى مَضَايِقِ الطُّرُقِ، وَصَغِّرُوهُمْ كَمَا صَغَّرَهُمُ اللهُ "، اقْضِ بَيْنِي وَبَيْنَهُ يَا شُرَيْحُ، فَقَالَ شُرَيْحٌ: تَقُولُ يَا أَمِيرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ، قَالَ: فَقَالَ عَلِيٌّ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ: هَذِهِ دِرْعِي ذَهَبَتْ مِنِّي مُنْذُ زَمَانٍ، قَالَ: فَقَالَ شُرَيْحٌ: مَا تَقُولُ يَا نَصْرَانِيُّ؟ قَالَ: فَقَالَ النَّصْرَانِيُّ: مَا أُكُذِّبُ أَمِيرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ، الدِّرْعُ هِيَ دِرْعِي قَالَ: فَقَالَ شُرَيْحٌ: مَا أَرَى أَنْ تُخْرَجَ مِنْ يَدِهِ، فَهَلْ مِنْ بَيِّنَةٍ؟ فَقَالَ عَلِيٌّ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ: صَدَقَ شُرَيْحٌ، قَالَ: فَقَالَ النَّصْرَانِيُّ: أَمَّا أَنَا، أَشْهَدُ أَنَّ هَذِهِ أَحْكَامُ الْأَنْبِيَاءِ، أَمِيرُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ يَجِيءُ إِلَى قَاضِيهِ، وَقَاضِيهِ يَقْضِي عَلَيْهِ هِيَ وَاللهِ يَا أَمِيرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ دِرْعُكَ، اتَّبَعْتُكَ مِنَ الْجَيْشِ وَقَدْ زَالَتْ عَنْ جَمَلِكَ الْأَوْرَقِ، فَأَخَذْتُهَا، فَإِنِّي أَشْهَدُ أَنْ لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللهُ، وَأَنَّ مُحَمَّدًا رَسُولُ اللهِ، قَالَ: فَقَالَ عَلِيٌّ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ: أَمَّا إِذَا أَسْلَمْتَ فَهِيَ لَكَ، وَحَمَلَهُ عَلَى فَرَسٍ عَتِيقٍ " قَالَ: فَقَالَ الشَّعْبِيُّ: لَقَدْ رَأَيْتُهُ يُقَاتِلُ ⦗٢٣١⦘ الْمُشْرِكِينَ هَذَا لَفْظُ حَدِيثِ أَبِي زَكَرِيَّا، وَفِي رِوَايَةِ ابْنِ عَبْدَانَ قَالَ: يَا شُرَيْحُ، لَوْلَا أَنَّ خَصْمِيَ نَصْرَانِيٌّ لَجَثَيْتُ بَيْنَ يَدَيْكَ، وَقَالَ فِي آخِرِهِ: قَالَ: فَوَهَبَهَا عَلِيٌّ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ لَهُ، وَفَرَضَ لَهُ أَلْفَيْنِ، وَأُصِيبَ مَعَهُ يَوْمَ صِفِّينَ، وَالْبَاقِي بِمَعْنَاهُ، وَرُوِيَ مِنْ وَجْهٍ آخَرَ أَيْضًا ضَعِيفٍ عَنِ الْأَعْمَشِ، عَنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ التَّيْمِيِّ.
Al-Sha'bi (may Allah have mercy on him) said: Sayyiduna Ali (may Allah be pleased with him) went out to the market, and there was a Christian selling a coat of mail. Sayyiduna Ali (may Allah be pleased with him) recognised the coat of mail and said: "This is my coat of mail; between me and you is the judge of the Muslims." The judge of the Muslims was Shurayh, whom Sayyiduna Ali (may Allah be pleased with him) had appointed as judge. When Judge Shurayh (may Allah have mercy on him) saw the Commander of the Believers, he stood up from his seat of judgement, seated Sayyiduna Ali (may Allah be pleased with him) in his place, and Judge Shurayh (may Allah have mercy on him) sat in front of him beside the Christian. Sayyiduna Ali (may Allah be pleased with him) said: "O Shurayh! If my opponent were a Muslim, I would have sat with him in the place of the litigant. But I heard the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) say: 'Do not shake hands with them, do not initiate the greeting of salam with them, do not visit their sick, do not offer the funeral prayer over them, force them to the narrow parts of the roads, and humble them as Allah has humbled them.' Judge between me and him, O Shurayh!" Shurayh (may Allah have mercy on him) said: "Speak, O Commander of the Believers." Sayyiduna Ali (may Allah be pleased with him) said: "This coat of mail of mine went missing from me a long time ago." Judge Shurayh (may Allah have mercy on him) said: "What do you say, O Christian?" The Christian said: "I do not call the Commander of the Believers a liar, but the coat of mail is mine."
Judge Shurayh (may Allah have mercy on him) said: "I do not see that it should be taken out of his hand. Do you have any evidence?" Sayyiduna Ali (may Allah be pleased with him) said: "Shurayh has spoken the truth." The Christian said: "These are the rulings of the prophets: the Commander of the Believers comes to his own judge, and his judge rules against him. By Allah, O Commander of the Believers, this coat of mail is yours. I followed you from the army, and it had fallen off your ash-coloured camel, so I took it. I bear witness that there is no god but Allah and that Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him) is the Messenger of Allah." Sayyiduna Ali (may Allah be pleased with him) said: "Now that you have become a Muslim, it is yours." He also gave him a horse to ride. Al-Sha'bi (may Allah have mercy on him) said: I saw him fighting the polytheists.
(b) In the narration of Ibn Abdan he said: "O Shurayh! Had my opponent not been a Christian, I would have knelt before you." At the end it says: Sayyiduna Ali (may Allah be pleased with him) gifted the coat of mail to him and fixed a stipend of two thousand for him, and he was killed (as a martyr) with him on the day of Siffin.
It has also been narrated through another, weak, route from al-A'mash, from Ibrahim al-Taymi.
Judge Shurayh (may Allah have mercy on him) said: "I do not see that it should be taken out of his hand. Do you have any evidence?" Sayyiduna Ali (may Allah be pleased with him) said: "Shurayh has spoken the truth." The Christian said: "These are the rulings of the prophets: the Commander of the Believers comes to his own judge, and his judge rules against him. By Allah, O Commander of the Believers, this coat of mail is yours. I followed you from the army, and it had fallen off your ash-coloured camel, so I took it. I bear witness that there is no god but Allah and that Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him) is the Messenger of Allah." Sayyiduna Ali (may Allah be pleased with him) said: "Now that you have become a Muslim, it is yours." He also gave him a horse to ride. Al-Sha'bi (may Allah have mercy on him) said: I saw him fighting the polytheists.
(b) In the narration of Ibn Abdan he said: "O Shurayh! Had my opponent not been a Christian, I would have knelt before you." At the end it says: Sayyiduna Ali (may Allah be pleased with him) gifted the coat of mail to him and fixed a stipend of two thousand for him, and he was killed (as a martyr) with him on the day of Siffin.
It has also been narrated through another, weak, route from al-A'mash, from Ibrahim al-Taymi.
