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السنن الكبرى للبيهقي
Sunan al-Kubra al-Bayhaqi
كتاب آداب القاضي
Book of the Etiquette of the Judge
باب: ما يقضي به القاضي ويفتي به المفتي، فإنه غيرجائز له أن يقلد أحدا من أهل دهره، ولا أن يحكم أو يفتي بالاستحسان
Chapter: What the judge rules by and the mufti gives fatwa by; it is not permissible for him to follow anyone of his time blindly, nor to rule or give fatwa by istihsan
Bayhaqi 20341 — What the judge rules by and the mufti gives fatwa
اُردوEn
أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّرِيفُ أَبُو الْفَتْحِ الْعُمَرِيُّ، أنبأ عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ أَبِي شُرَيْحٍ، أنبأ أَبُو الْقَاسِمِ الْبَغَوِيُّ، ثنا دَاوُدُ بْنُ رُشَيْدٍ، ثنا عُمَرُ بْنُ أَيُّوبَ، ثنا جَعْفَرُ بْنُ بُرْقَانَ، عَنْ مَيْمُونِ بْنِ مِهْرَانَ، قَالَ: " كَانَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ إِذَا وَرَدَ عَلَيْهِ خَصْمٌ نَظَرَ فِي كِتَابِ اللهِ، فَإِنْ وَجَدَ فِيهِ مَا يَقْضِي بِهِ قَضَى بِهِ بَيْنَهُمْ، فَإِنْ لَمْ يَجِدْ فِي الْكِتَابِ، نَظَرَ: هَلْ كَانَتْ مِنَ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فِيهِ سُنَّةٌ؟ فَإِنْ عَلَمِهَا قَضَى بِهَا، وَإِنْ لَمْ يَعْلَمْ خَرَجَ فَسَأَلَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ فَقَالَ: " أَتَانِي كَذَا وَكَذَا، فَنَظَرْتُ فِي كِتَابِ اللهِ، وَفِي سُنَّةِ رَسُولِ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ، فَلَمْ أَجِدْ فِي ذَلِكَ شَيْئًا، فَهَلْ تَعْلَمُونَ أَنَّ نَبِيَّ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَضَى فِي ذَلِكَ بِقَضَاءٍ؟ "، فَرُبَّمَا قَامَ إِلَيْهِ الرَّهْطُ فَقَالُوا: " نَعَمْ، قَضَى فِيهِ بِكَذَا وَكَذَا "، فَيَأْخُذُ بِقَضَاءِ رَسُولِ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ ". قَالَ جَعْفَرٌ وَحَدَّثَنِي غَيْرُ مَيْمُونٍ أَنَّ أَبَا بَكْرٍ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ كَانَ يَقُولُ عِنْدَ ذَلِكَ: " الْحَمْدُ لِلَّهِ الَّذِي جَعَلَ فِينَا مَنْ يَحْفَظُ عَنْ نَبِيِّنَا صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ "، وَإِنْ أَعْيَاهُ ذَلِكَ دَعَا رُءُوسَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ وَعَلَمَاءَهُمْ، فَاسْتَشَارَهُمْ، فَإِذَا اجْتَمَعَ رَأْيُهُمْ عَلَى الْأَمْرِ قَضَى بِهِ "، قَالَ جَعْفَرٌ: وَحَدَّثَنِي مَيْمُونٌ أَنَّ عُمَرَ بْنَ الْخَطَّابِ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ كَانَ يَفْعَلُ ذَلِكَ، فَإِنْ أَعْيَا أَنْ يَجِدَ فِي الْقُرْآنِ وَالسُّنَّةِ، نَظَرَ: هَلْ كَانَ لِأَبِي بَكْرٍ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ فِيهِ قَضَاءٌ؟ فَإِنْ وَجَدَ أَبَا بَكْرٍ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ قَدْ قَضَى فِيهِ بِقَضَاءٍ قَضَى بِهِ، وَإِلَّا دَعَا رُءُوسَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ وَعُلَمَاءَهُمْ، فَاسْتَشَارَهُمْ، فَإِذَا اجْتَمَعُوا عَلَى الْأَمْرِ قَضَى بَيْنَهُمْ ".
Maymun bin Mihran said: Whenever a case came before Sayyiduna Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him), he would look into the Book of Allah. If it was found in the Book of Allah, he would judge by it. If he did not find it in the Book of Allah, he would look into the Sunnah of the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him). If he knew it, he would judge according to it. If he did not know, he would go out to the Muslims and say: Such-and-such a case has come to me; I found nothing in the Book of Allah or the Sunnah of the Messenger. Do you know of the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) having given any judgement concerning it? Sometimes a group would go to him and say: Yes, such-and-such a judgement was given concerning it. Then he would judge in accordance with the judgement of the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him).
Ja'far said: Someone other than Maymun narrated that Sayyiduna Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him) would say at that time: All praise is for Allah, who has granted that some among us preserve the sayings of His Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him). If no one remembered, he would summon the people before him and consult the scholars and others. If their opinion was agreed upon, he would judge accordingly.
(b) Ja'far said: Maymun narrated that Sayyiduna Umar bin al-Khattab (may Allah be pleased with him) also used to do the same. If he found its basis in the Qur'an and Sunnah, well and good; otherwise he would look at the judgements of Abu Bakr al-Siddiq (may Allah be pleased with him). If he found a judgement, he would judge accordingly; otherwise he would consult the leaders and scholars of the Muslims and judge accordingly.
Ja'far said: Someone other than Maymun narrated that Sayyiduna Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him) would say at that time: All praise is for Allah, who has granted that some among us preserve the sayings of His Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him). If no one remembered, he would summon the people before him and consult the scholars and others. If their opinion was agreed upon, he would judge accordingly.
(b) Ja'far said: Maymun narrated that Sayyiduna Umar bin al-Khattab (may Allah be pleased with him) also used to do the same. If he found its basis in the Qur'an and Sunnah, well and good; otherwise he would look at the judgements of Abu Bakr al-Siddiq (may Allah be pleased with him). If he found a judgement, he would judge accordingly; otherwise he would consult the leaders and scholars of the Muslims and judge accordingly.
