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السنن الكبرى للبيهقي
Sunan al-Kubra al-Bayhaqi
كتاب الضحايا
Book of Sacrifices
باب: ما جاء في الفرع والعتيرة
Chapter: Reports on the fara and the atirah
Bayhaqi 19348 — Reports on the fara and the atirah
اُردوEn
أَخْبَرَنَا الْفَقِيهُ أَبُو إِسْحَاقَ إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ الْأَرْمَوِيُّ رَحِمَهُ اللهُ، أنبأ شَافِعُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ أَبِي عَوَانَةَ، أنبأ أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ الطَّحَاوِيُّ، ثنا الْمُزَنِيُّ، ثنا الشَّافِعِيُّ سَمِعْتُهُ ⦗٥٢٦⦘ يَقُولُ: هُوَ شَيْءٌ كَانَ أَهْلُ الْجَاهِلِيَّةِ يَطْلُبُونَ بِهِ الْبَرَكَةَ فِي أَمْوَالِهِمْ، فَكَانَ أَحَدُهُمْ يَذْبَحُ بِكْرَ نَاقَتِهِ أَوْ شَاتِهِ فَلَا يَغْذُوهُ رَجَاءَ الْبَرَكَةِ فِيمَا يَأْتِي بَعْدَهُ، فَسَأَلُوا النَّبِيَّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ عَنْهُ فَقَالَ: " فَرِّعُوْا إِنْ شِتْئَمْ "، أَيِ اذْبَحُوا إِنْ شِئْتُمْ، وَكَانُوا يَسْأَلُونَهُ عَمَّا كَانُوا يَصْنَعُونَ فِي الْجَاهِلِيَّةِ خَوْفًا أَنْ يُكْرَهَ فِي الْإِسْلَامِ فَأَعْلَمَهُمْ أَنَّهُ لَا مَكْرُوهَ عَلَيْهِمْ فِيهِ، وَأَمَرَهُمُ اخْتِيَارًا أَنْ يَغْذُوهُ ثُمَّ يَحْمِلُوا عَلَيْهِ فِي سَبِيلِ اللهِ. قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ رَحِمَهُ اللهُ: أَخْبَرَنِي مَنْ سَمِعَ زَيْدَ بْنَ أَسْلَمَ يُحَدِّثُ عَنْ رَجُلٍ مِنْ بَنِي ضَمْرَةَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ، أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ سُئِلَ عَنِ الْفَرَعَةِ فَقَالَ: " الْفَرَعَةُ حَقٌّ، وَأَنْ تَغْذُوهُ حَتَّى يَكُونَ ابْنَ لَبُونٍ زُخْرُبًّا فَتُعْطِيَهُ أَرْمَلَةً أَوْ تَحْمِلَ عَلَيْهِ فِي سَبِيلِ اللهِ خَيْرٌ مِنْ أَنْ تَكْفَأَ إِنَاءَكَ، وَتُوَلِّهَ نَاقَتَكَ، وَتَأْكُلَهُ يَلْصَقُ لَحْمُهُ بِوَبَرِهِ ". قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ رَحِمَهُ اللهُ: قَوْلُهُ: الْفَرَعَةُ حَقٌّ، مَعْنَاهُ أَنَّهَا لَيْسَتْ بِبَاطِلٍ، وَلَكِنَّهُ كَلَامٌ عَرَبِيٌّ يَخْرُجُ عَلَى جَوَابِ السَّائِلِ، وَقَدْ رُوِيَ عَنْهُ عَلَيْهِ السَّلَامُ: " لَا فَرَعَةَ وَلَا عَتِيرَةَ "، وَلَيْسَ هَذَا بِاخْتِلَافٍ مِنَ الرِّوَايَةِ، إِنَّمَا هَذَا لَا فَرَعَةَ وَاجِبَةٌ وَلَا عَتِيرَةَ وَاجِبَةٌ، وَالْحَدِيثُ الْآخَرُ يَدُلُّ عَلَى مَعْنَى ذَا أَنَّهُ أَبَاحَ لَهُ الذَّبْحَ وَاخْتَارَ لَهُ أَنْ يُعْطِيَهُ أَرْمَلَةً، أَوْ يَحْمِلَ عَلَيْهِ فِي سَبِيلِ اللهِ، وَالْعَتِيرَةُ هِيَ الرَّجَبِيَّةُ، وَهِيَ ذَبِيحَةٌ كَانَ أَهْلُ الْجَاهِلِيَّةِ يَتَبَرَّرُونَ بِهَا فِي رَجَبٍ، فَقَالَ النَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ: " لَا عَتِيرَةَ "، عَلَى مَعْنَى لَا عَتِيرَةَ لَازِمَةٌ، وَقَوْلُهُ عَلَيْهِ السَّلَامُ حَيْثُ سُئِلَ عَنِ الْعَتِيرَةِ عَلَى مَعْنَى اذْبَحُوا لِلَّهِ فِي أِيِّ شَهْرٍ مَا كَانَ، أَيِ اذْبَحُوا إِنْ شِئْتُمْ وَاجْعَلُوا الذَّبْحَ لِلَّهِ لَا لِغَيْرِهِ فِي أِيِّ شَهْرٍ مَا كَانَ لَا أَنَّهَا فِي رَجَبٍ دُونَ مَا سِوَاهُ مِنَ الشُّهُورِ.
Al-Muzani said that Imam al-Shafi'i (may Allah have mercy on him) said: To bring blessing to their wealth, the people of the Jahiliyyah used to slaughter the young of their she-camel or goat without letting it be nursed. When they asked the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him), he (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "If you wish to slaughter, then do so." They asked because they used to do this in the Jahiliyyah, fearing that Islam might regard it as disliked; so he (peace and blessings be upon him) told them that it is not forbidden, and he (peace and blessings be upon him) instructed them that the young animal should be fed and then be used as a mount in the path of Allah.
Imam al-Shafi'i (may Allah have mercy on him) said: Zayd bin Aslam narrates from a man of Banu Damrah, who narrates from his father, that the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) was asked about the fara', and he (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "The fara' is a right. Feed that young one until it becomes a full-grown camel of two or three years, then give it to a widow or use it as a mount in the path of Allah. This is better than overturning your vessels, snatching the young from your she-camel, and its flesh sticking to its hair."
Imam al-Shafi'i (may Allah have mercy on him) said: "The fara' is a right" means that it is not falsehood. And as for what he (peace and blessings be upon him) said, "There is no fara' and no atirah," its purpose is that they are not obligatory, because the other hadith indicates this meaning: that he (peace and blessings be upon him) permitted giving it to a widow or using it as a mount in the path of Allah. And his (peace and blessings be upon him) saying about the atirah, "You may slaughter in whichever month you wish," is because it is slaughtered for Allah; one does not slaughter in the name of anyone else.
Imam al-Shafi'i (may Allah have mercy on him) said: Zayd bin Aslam narrates from a man of Banu Damrah, who narrates from his father, that the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) was asked about the fara', and he (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "The fara' is a right. Feed that young one until it becomes a full-grown camel of two or three years, then give it to a widow or use it as a mount in the path of Allah. This is better than overturning your vessels, snatching the young from your she-camel, and its flesh sticking to its hair."
Imam al-Shafi'i (may Allah have mercy on him) said: "The fara' is a right" means that it is not falsehood. And as for what he (peace and blessings be upon him) said, "There is no fara' and no atirah," its purpose is that they are not obligatory, because the other hadith indicates this meaning: that he (peace and blessings be upon him) permitted giving it to a widow or using it as a mount in the path of Allah. And his (peace and blessings be upon him) saying about the atirah, "You may slaughter in whichever month you wish," is because it is slaughtered for Allah; one does not slaughter in the name of anyone else.
