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السنن الكبرى للبيهقي
Sunan al-Kubra al-Bayhaqi
كتاب الجزية
Book of Jizyah
باب: الهدنة على أن يرد الإمام من جاء بلده مسلما من المشركين
Chapter: A truce on condition that the ruler returns any polytheist who comes to his land as a Muslim
Bayhaqi 18831 — A truce on condition that the ruler returns any
اُردوEn
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ الْحَافِظُ، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ الْقَاضِي قَالَا: ثنا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ، ثنا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْجَبَّارِ، ثنا يُونُسُ بْنُ بُكَيْرٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ إِسْحَاقَ، حَدَّثَنِي الزُّهْرِيُّ، عَنْ عُرْوَةَ، عَنْ مَرْوَانَ، وَالْمِسْوَرِ بْنِ مَخْرَمَةَ، فِي قِصَّةِ الْحُدَيْبِيَةِ وَخُرُوجِ سُهَيْلِ بْنِ عَمْرٍو إِلَى النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ وَأَنَّهُ لَمَّا انْتَهَى إِلَى رَسُولِ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ جَرَى بَيْنَهُمَا الْقَوْلُ حَتَّى وَقَعَ الصُّلْحُ عَلَى أَنْ تُوضَعَ الْحَرْبُ بَيْنَهُمَا عَشْرَ سِنِينَ، وَأَنْ يَأْمَنَ النَّاسُ بَعْضُهُمْ مِنْ بَعْضٍ، وَأَنْ يَرْجِعَ عَنْهُمْ عَامَهُمْ ذَلِكَ حَتَّى إِذَا كَانَ الْعَامُ الْمُقْبِلُ قَدِمَهَا خَلَّوْا بَيْنَهُ وَبَيْنَ مَكَّةَ فَأَقَامَ بِهَا ثَلَاثًا، وَأَنْ لَا يَدْخُلُهَا إِلَّا بِسِلَاحِ الرَّاكِبِ وَالسُّيُوفِ فِي الْقُرُبِ، وَأَنَّهُ مَنْ أَتَانَا مِنْ أَصْحَابِكَ بِغَيْرِ إِذْنِ وَلِيِّهِ لَمْ نَرُدَّهُ عَلَيْكُمْ، وَأَنَّهُ مَنْ أَتَاكُمْ مِنَّا بِغَيْرِ إِذْنِ وَلِيِّهِ رَدَدْتَهُ عَلَيْنَا، وَذَكَرَ الْحَدِيثَ فِي كَتَبَةِ الصَّحِيفَةِ قَالَ: فَإِنَّ الصَّحِيفَةَ لَتُكْتَبُ إِذْ طَلَعَ أَبُو جَنْدَلِ بْنُ سُهَيْلِ بْنِ عَمْرٍو يَرْسُفُ فِي الْحَدِيدِ وَقَدْ كَانَ أَبُوهُ حَبَسَهُ فَأَفْلَتَ، فَلَمَّا رَآهُ سُهَيْلٌ قَامَ إِلَيْهِ فَضَرَبَ وَجْهَهُ وَأَخَذَ بِلُبَّتِهِ فَتَلَّهُ وَقَالَ: يَا مُحَمَّدُ قَدْ وَلِجَتِ الْقَضِيَّةُ بَيْنِي وَبَيْنَكَ قَبْلَ أَنْ يَأْتِيَكَ هَذَا. قَالَ: " صَدَقْتَ ". وَصَاحَ أَبُو جَنْدَلٍ بِأَعْلَى صَوْتِهِ: يَا مَعْشَرَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ أَأُرَدُّ إِلَى الْمُشْرِكِينَ يَفْتِنُونَنِي فِي دِينِي؟ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ لِأَبِي جَنْدَلٍ: " أَبَا جَنْدَلٍ اصْبِرْ وَاحْتَسِبْ فَإِنَّ اللهَ جَاعِلٌ لَكَ وَلِمَنْ مَعَكَ مِنَ الْمُسْتَضْعَفِينَ فَرَجًا وَمَخْرَجًا، إِنَّا قَدْ صَالَحْنَا هَؤُلَاءِ الْقَوْمَ وَجَرَى بَيْنَنَا وَبَيْنَهُمُ الْعَهْدُ، وَإِنَّا لَا نَغْدِرُ ". فَقَامَ عُمَرُ بْنُ الْخَطَّابِ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ يَمْشِي إِلَى جَنْبِ أَبِي جَنْدَلٍ وَأَبُوهُ يَتُلُّهُ وَهُوَ يَقُولُ: أَبَا جَنْدَلٍ اصْبِرْ وَاحْتَسِبْ فَإِنَّمَا هُمُ الْمُشْرِكُونَ، وَإِنَّمَا دَمُ أَحَدِهِمْ دَمُ كَلْبٍ. وَجَعَلَ عُمَرُ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ يُدْنِي مِنْهُ قَائِمَ السَّيْفِ فَقَالَ عُمَرُ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ: رَجَوْتُ أَنْ يَأْخُذَهُ فَيَضْرِبَ بِهِ أَبَاهُ فَضَنَّ بِأَبِيهِ. ثُمَّ ذَكَرَ الْحَدِيثَ فِي التَّحَلُّلِ مِنَ الْعُمْرَةِ وَالرُّجُوعِ، قَالَا: وَلَمَّا قَدِمَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ الْمَدِينَةَ وَاطْمَأَنَّ بِهَا أَفْلَتَ إِلَيْهِ أَبُو بَصِيرٍ عُتْبَةُ بْنُ أَسِيدِ بْنِ جَارِيَةَ الثَّقَفِيُّ حَلِيفُ بَنِي زُهْرَةَ، فَكَتَبَ إِلَى رَسُولِ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فِيهِ الْأَخْنَسُ بْنُ شَرِيقٍ وَالْأَزْهَرُ بْنُ عَبْدِ عَوْفٍ وَبَعَثَا بِكِتَابِهِمَا مَعَ مَوْلًى لَهُمَا وَرَجُلٍ مِنْ بَنِي عَامِرِ بْنِ لُؤَيٍّ اسْتَأْجَرَاهُ لِيَرُدَّ عَلَيْهِمَا صَاحِبَهُمَا أَبَا بَصِيرٍ فَقَدِمَا عَلَى رَسُولِ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فَدَفَعَا إِلَيْهِ كِتَابَهُمَا، فَدَعَا رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ أَبَا بَصِيرٍ فَقَالَ لَهُ: " يَا أَبَا بَصِيرٍ إِنَّ هَؤُلَاءِ الْقَوْمَ قَدْ صَالَحُونَا عَلَى مَا قَدْ عَلِمْتَ، وَإِنَّا لَا نَغْدِرُ فَالْحَقْ بِقَوْمِكَ ". فَقَالَ: يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ تَرُدُّنِي إِلَى الْمُشْرِكِينَ يَفْتِنُونَنِي فِي دِينِي وَيَعْبَثُونَ بِي؟ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ: " ⦗٣٨١⦘ اصْبِرْ يَا أَبَا بَصِيرٍ وَاحْتَسِبْ فَإِنَّ اللهَ جَاعِلٌ لَكَ وَلِمَنْ مَعَكَ مِنَ الْمُسْتَضْعَفِينَ مِنَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ فَرَجًا وَمَخْرَجًا ". قَالَ: فَخَرَجَ أَبُو بَصِيرٍ وَخَرَجَا حَتَّى إِذَا كَانُوا بِذِي الْحُلَيْفَةِ جَلَسُوا إِلَى سُورِ جِدَارٍ، فَقَالَ أَبُو بَصِيرٍ لِلْعَامِرِيِّ: أَصَارِمٌ سَيْفُكَ هَذَا يَا أَخَا بَنِي عَامِرٍ؟ قَالَ: نَعَمْ. قَالَ: أَنْظُرُ إِلَيْهِ؟ قَالَ: إِنْ شِئْتَ. فَاسْتَلَّهُ فَضَرَبَ بِهِ عُنُقَهُ وَخَرَجَ الْمَوْلَى يَشْتَدُّ فَطَلَعَ عَلَى رَسُولِ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ وَهُوَ جَالِسٌ فِي الْمَسْجِدِ، فَلَمَّا رَآهُ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَالَ: " هَذَا رَجُلٌ قَدْ رَأَى فَزَعًا ". فَلَمَّا انْتَهَى إِلَيْهِ قَالَ: " وَيْحَكَ مَا لَكَ "؟ قَالَ: قَتَلَ صَاحِبُكُمْ صَاحِبِي. فَمَا بَرِحَ حَتَّى طَلَعَ أَبُو بَصِيرٍ مُتَوَشِّحًا السَّيْفَ فَوَقَفَ عَلَى رَسُولِ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فَقَالَ: يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ وَفَتْ ذِمَّتُكَ وَأَدَّى الله عَنْكَ وَقَدِ امْتَنَعْتُ بِنَفْسِي عَنِ الْمُشْرِكِينَ أَنْ يَفْتِنُونِي فِي دِينِي وَأَنْ يَعْبَثُوا بِي. فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ: " وَيْلُ امِّهِ مِحَشَّ حَرْبٍ لَوْ كَانَ مَعَهُ رِجَالٌ ". فَخَرَجَ أَبُو بَصِيرٍ حَتَّى نَزَلَ بِالْعِيصِ وَكَانَ طَرِيقَ أَهْلِ مَكَّةَ إِلَى الشَّامِ فَسَمِعَ بِهِ مَنْ كَانَ بِمَكَّةَ مِنَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ وَبِمَا قَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فِيهِ، فَلَحِقُوا بِهِ حَتَّى كَانَ فِي عُصْبَةٍ مِنَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ قَرِيبٍ مِنَ السِّتِّينَ أَوِ السَّبْعِينَ، فَكَانُوا لَا يَظْفَرُونَ بِرَجُلٍ مِنْ قُرَيْشٍ إِلَّا قَتَلُوهُ، وَلَا تَمُرُّ عَلَيْهِمْ عِيرٌ إِلَّا اقْتَطَعُوهَا حَتَّى كَتَبَتْ فِيهَا قُرَيْشٌ إِلَى رَسُولِ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ يَسْأَلُونَهُ بِأَرْحَامِهِمْ لَمَا آوَاهُمْ فَلَا حَاجَةَ لَنَا بِهِمْ، فَفَعَلَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فَقَدِمُوا عَلَيْهِ الْمَدِينَةَ.
Urwah (may Allah have mercy on him) narrates from Sayyiduna Miswar bin Makhramah (may Allah be pleased with him) the story of al-Hudaybiyyah: When Suhayl bin Amr and the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) held talks and a ceasefire for ten years was agreed, the people became safe from one another. (It was agreed that) this year he (peace and blessings be upon him) would go back, and the following year he could come and stay in Makkah for three days, and on entering Makkah the weapons and swords would be kept in their sheaths; and if any of your people came to us without the permission of his guardian, he would not be returned, but if any of our people came to you, you would have to return him. He mentioned the writing of the agreement. The agreement was still being written when Sayyiduna Abu Jandal bin Suhayl bin Amr (may Allah be pleased with him) arrived, walking in iron shackles. His father had kept him imprisoned. When Suhayl saw him, he stood up, slapped him on the face, seized him by the neck and threw him down. Suhayl said: O Muhammad! The agreement between us was settled before he came. He (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "You have spoken the truth." Then Sayyiduna Abu Jandal (may Allah be pleased with him) said: O Muslims! Am I to be returned? They put me to trial regarding my religion. So the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said to Sayyiduna Abu Jandal (may Allah be pleased with him): "Be patient; Allah will create means of escape for you and for the other weak Muslims, for a covenant has been made between us which we do not wish to break." Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) went to Sayyiduna Abu Jandal (may Allah be pleased with him) while his father was holding him down, and Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) said: O Abu Jandal! Be patient, for the blood of the polytheists is like the blood of a dog. And Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) brought the hilt of the sword close to him. Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) said: I hoped that he would take it and strike his father with it, but he spared his father. Then he mentioned leaving the state of ihram of the Umrah and the return. Both of them, that is Sayyiduna Miswar bin Makhramah and Marwan (may Allah have mercy on him), say: When the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) returned to Madinah, Sayyiduna Abu Basir (may Allah be pleased with him), that is Utbah bin Asid bin Jariyah al-Thaqafi, an ally of Banu Zuhrah, also escaped and came after him. Al-Akhnas bin Shariq and al-Azhar bin Abd Awf wrote a letter to the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him). A slave of theirs and another man from Banu Amir bin Lu'ayy brought this letter to the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him). In it was the demand that Abu Basir be returned. They gave the letter to the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him), so he (peace and blessings be upon him) called Sayyiduna Abu Basir (may Allah be pleased with him) and said: "O Abu Basir! You know that we have a peace treaty with these people, and we do not wish to break our promise; go back to your people." Sayyiduna Abu Basir (may Allah be pleased with him) said: O Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him)! Will you return me to the polytheists, who will put me to trial regarding my religion and toy with me? He (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "O Abu Basir! Be patient and hope for the reward."
"Allah will provide a wide way out for you and for the weak Muslims." The two of them took Sayyiduna Abu Basir (may Allah be pleased with him) and reached Dhu al-Hulayfah, where they sat down in the shade of a wall to rest. Sayyiduna Abu Basir (may Allah be pleased with him) said to the Amiri man: O man of Banu Amir! Your sword looks very strong. He said: The sword is indeed strong. Sayyiduna Abu Basir (may Allah be pleased with him) said: May I look at it? The Amiri said: If you wish, you can draw it from the sheath and look at it. Sayyiduna Abu Basir (may Allah be pleased with him) struck off the head of that Amiri, and the slave ran off and reached the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) while he (peace and blessings be upon him) was sitting in the mosque. When he (peace and blessings be upon him) saw this man, he said: "He has encountered something frightening." When he came to him (peace and blessings be upon him), he (peace and blessings be upon him) asked: "What has happened to you?" He said: Your companion has killed my companion. Meanwhile Sayyiduna Abu Basir (may Allah be pleased with him) also arrived with his sword drawn. He stood before the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) and said: O Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him)! Your promise has been fulfilled, and Allah has discharged your obligation; I have protected myself from the polytheists so that they cannot put me to trial regarding my religion. He (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Woe to his mother! He is a kindler of war, if only he had some men with him." Then Sayyiduna Abu Basir (may Allah be pleased with him) came to the route of the people of Makkah that led to Syria. When the Muslims of Makkah heard what he (peace and blessings be upon him) had said about him, they kept joining Sayyiduna Abu Basir (may Allah be pleased with him) until they became a group of about sixty or seventy people. They would not spare any man of Quraysh but would kill him, and they would plunder every caravan. Then Quraysh, compelled, wrote: Call them to yourself; we have no need of them. So he (peace and blessings be upon him) called back Sayyiduna Abu Basir (may Allah be pleased with him) and his group.
"Allah will provide a wide way out for you and for the weak Muslims." The two of them took Sayyiduna Abu Basir (may Allah be pleased with him) and reached Dhu al-Hulayfah, where they sat down in the shade of a wall to rest. Sayyiduna Abu Basir (may Allah be pleased with him) said to the Amiri man: O man of Banu Amir! Your sword looks very strong. He said: The sword is indeed strong. Sayyiduna Abu Basir (may Allah be pleased with him) said: May I look at it? The Amiri said: If you wish, you can draw it from the sheath and look at it. Sayyiduna Abu Basir (may Allah be pleased with him) struck off the head of that Amiri, and the slave ran off and reached the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) while he (peace and blessings be upon him) was sitting in the mosque. When he (peace and blessings be upon him) saw this man, he said: "He has encountered something frightening." When he came to him (peace and blessings be upon him), he (peace and blessings be upon him) asked: "What has happened to you?" He said: Your companion has killed my companion. Meanwhile Sayyiduna Abu Basir (may Allah be pleased with him) also arrived with his sword drawn. He stood before the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) and said: O Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him)! Your promise has been fulfilled, and Allah has discharged your obligation; I have protected myself from the polytheists so that they cannot put me to trial regarding my religion. He (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Woe to his mother! He is a kindler of war, if only he had some men with him." Then Sayyiduna Abu Basir (may Allah be pleased with him) came to the route of the people of Makkah that led to Syria. When the Muslims of Makkah heard what he (peace and blessings be upon him) had said about him, they kept joining Sayyiduna Abu Basir (may Allah be pleased with him) until they became a group of about sixty or seventy people. They would not spare any man of Quraysh but would kill him, and they would plunder every caravan. Then Quraysh, compelled, wrote: Call them to yourself; we have no need of them. So he (peace and blessings be upon him) called back Sayyiduna Abu Basir (may Allah be pleased with him) and his group.
