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السنن الكبرى للبيهقي
Sunan al-Kubra al-Bayhaqi
كتاب السير
Book of Military Expeditions
باب: الأسير يؤمن فلا يكون له أن يغتالهم في أموالهم وأنفسهم
Chapter: A captive who is granted safety may not treacherously harm their lives or property
Bayhaqi 18425 — A captive who is granted safety may not treacherously
اُردوEn
أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ الْحَافِظُ، ثنا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ، ثنا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْجَبَّارِ، ثنا يُونُسُ بْنُ بُكَيْرٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ إِسْحَاقَ، حَدَّثَنِي عَبْدُ اللهِ بْنُ أَبِي بَكْرِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَمْرِو بْنِ حَزْمٍ، قَالَ: خَرَجَ أَبُو الْعَاصِ بْنُ الرَّبِيعِ تَاجِرًا إِلَى الشَّامِ وَكَانَ رَجُلًا مَأْمُونًا، وَكَانَتْ مَعَهُ بَضَائِعُ لِقُرَيْشٍ فَأَقْبَلَ قَافِلًا، فَلَقِيَهُ سَرِيَّةٌ لِرَسُولِ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فَاسْتَاقُوا عِيرَهُ ⦗٢٤٢⦘ وَأَفْلَتَ، وَقَدِمُوا عَلَى رَسُولِ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ بِمَا أَصَابُوا فَقَسَمَهُ بَيْنَهُمْ، وَأَتَى أَبُو الْعَاصِ حَتَّى دَخَلَ عَلَى زَيْنَبَ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهَا فَاسْتَجَارَ بِهَا، وَسَأَلَهَا أَنْ تَطْلُبَ لَهُ مِنْ رَسُولِ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ رَدَّ مَالِهِ عَلَيْهِ وَمَا كَانَ مَعَهُ مِنْ أَمْوَالِ النَّاسِ، فَدَعَا رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ السَّرِيَّةَ فَسَأَلَهُمْ، فَرَدُّوا عَلَيْهِ، ثُمَّ خَرَجَ حَتَّى قَدِمَ مَكَّةَ فَأَدَّى عَلَى النَّاسِ مَا كَانَ مَعَهُ مِنْ بَضَائِعِهِمْ، حَتَّى إِذَا فَرَغَ قَالَ: يَا مَعْشَرَ قُرَيْشٍ هَلْ بَقِيَ لِأَحَدٍ مِنْكُمْ مَعِي مَالٌ لَمْ أَرُدَّهُ عَلَيْهِ؟ قَالُوا: لَا، فَجَزَاكَ اللهُ خَيْرًا قَدْ وَجَدْنَاكَ وَفِيًّا كَرِيمًا. فَقَالَ: أَمَا وَاللهِ مَا مَنَعَنِي أَنْ أُسْلِمَ قَبْلَ أَنْ أَقْدَمَ عَلَيْكُمْ إِلَّا تَخَوُّفًا أَنْ تَظُنُّوا أَنِّي إِنَّمَا أَسْلَمْتُ لِأَذْهَبَ بِأَمْوَالِكُمْ، فَإِنِّي أَشْهَدُ أَنْ لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللهُ، وَأَنَّ مُحَمَّدًا عَبْدُهُ وَرَسُولُهُ قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: فِي الْمُسْلِمِ إِذَا أُسِرَ وَلَمْ يُؤَمِّنُوهُ وَلَمْ يَأْخُذُوا عَلَيْهِ أَنَّهُمْ آمِنُونَ مِنْهُ فَلَهُ أَخْذُ مَا قَدَرَ عَلَيْهِ مِنْ أَمْوَالِهِمْ وَإِفْسَادُهُ وَالْهَرَبُ مِنْهُمْ قَالَ الشَّيْخُ: قَدْ رَوَيْنَا حَدِيثَ عِمْرَانَ بْنِ حُصَيْنٍ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ فِي الْمَرْأَةِ الْمُسْلِمَةِ الَّتِي أَخَذَتِ النَّاقَةَ وَهَرَبَتْ عَلَيْهَا.
Abdullah bin Abi Bakr bin Muhammad bin Amr bin Hazm says: Abu al-As bin al-Rabi' (may Allah be pleased with him) set out for Syria to trade, and he was a trustworthy man. He also had with him goods belonging to Quraysh. When the caravan came (back), a detachment of the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) brought that caravan before him (peace and blessings be upon him), and they divided the goods among themselves. Abu al-As (may Allah be pleased with him) came to Sayyidah Zaynab (may Allah be pleased with her), sought her protection, and asked her to request the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) to return his wealth and the wealth of the people. So the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) called the members of the detachment and asked them, and they returned the wealth. Abu al-As (may Allah be pleased with him) came to Makkah and returned the people's wealth to them. When he had finished, he said: "O people of Quraysh! Is there anyone whose wealth I have not returned?" They said: "No. May Allah reward you with good. We have found you honourable and faithful in discharging (trusts)." Then he said: "I did not accept Islam (before this) only out of fear that you would say that I wanted to swallow up your wealth. I bear witness that there is no god but Allah and that Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him) is the servant and Messenger of Allah."
Imam al-Shafi'i (may Allah have mercy on him) says concerning a Muslim: When he is taken captive, and they have neither granted him safety nor taken a pledge from him, he may take of their wealth whatever he is able to, damage it, or take it and flee.
The Shaykh (may Allah have mercy on him) says: We have narrated the hadith of Sayyiduna Imran bin Husayn (may Allah be pleased with him) concerning the Muslim woman who took the she-camel and fled on it.
Imam al-Shafi'i (may Allah have mercy on him) says concerning a Muslim: When he is taken captive, and they have neither granted him safety nor taken a pledge from him, he may take of their wealth whatever he is able to, damage it, or take it and flee.
The Shaykh (may Allah have mercy on him) says: We have narrated the hadith of Sayyiduna Imran bin Husayn (may Allah be pleased with him) concerning the Muslim woman who took the she-camel and fled on it.
