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السنن الكبرى للبيهقي
Sunan al-Kubra al-Bayhaqi
كتاب المرتد
Book of the Apostate
باب: من قال في المرتد: يستتاب مكانه، فإن تاب وإلا قتل
Chapter: Those who said about the apostate: He is asked to repent on the spot, and if he repents, well and good, otherwise he is killed
Bayhaqi 16879 — Those who said about the apostate: He is asked
اُردوEn
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو طَاهِرٍ الْفَقِيهُ، مِنْ أَصْلِهِ، أنبأ أَبُو بَكْرٍ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْحُسَيْنِ الْقَطَّانُ، ثنا أَبُو الْأَزْهَرِ، ثنا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ الْمُفَضَّلِ، ثنا أَسْبَاطُ بْنُ نَصْرٍ، قَالَ: زَعَمَ السُّدِّيُّ، عَنْ مُصْعَبِ بْنِ سَعْدٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، قَالَ: لَمَّا كَانَ يَوْمُ فَتْحِ مَكَّةَ آمَنَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ النَّاسَ إِلَّا أَرْبَعَةَ نَفَرٍ وَامْرَأَتَيْنِ، وَقَالَ: " اقْتُلُوهُمْ، وَإِنْ وَجَدْتُمُوهُمْ مُتَعَلِّقِينَ بِأَسْتَارِ الْكَعْبَةِ " عِكْرِمَةُ بْنُ أَبِي جَهْلٍ، وَعَبْدُ اللهِ بْنُ خَطَلٍ، وَمَقِيسُ بْنُ صُبَابَةَ، وَعَبْدُ اللهِ بْنُ سَعْدِ بْنِ أَبِي سَرْحٍ فَأَمَّا عَبْدُ اللهِ بْنُ خَطَلٍ فَأُدْرِكَ وَهُوَ مُتَعَلِّقٌ بِأَسْتَارِ الْكَعْبَةِ، فَاسْتَبَقَ إِلَيْهِ سَعِيدُ بْنُ زَيْدٍ وَعَمَّارُ بْنُ يَاسِرٍ، فَسَبَقَ سَعِيدٌ عَمَّارًا، وَكَانَ أَشَبَّ الرَّجُلَيْنِ، فَقَتَلَهُ، وَأَمَّا مَقِيسُ بْنُ صُبَابَةَ فَأَدْرَكَهُ النَّاسُ فِي السُّوقِ فَقَتَلُوهُ وَأَمَّا عِكْرِمَةُ فَرَكِبَ الْبَحْرَ فَأَصَابَتْهُمْ عَاصِفٌ، فَقَالَ أَصْحَابُ السَّفِينَةِ لِأَهْلِ السَّفِينَةِ: أَخْلِصُوا فَإِنَّ آلِهَتَكُمْ لَا تُغْنِي عَنْكُمْ شَيْئًا هَاهُنَا، قَالَ عِكْرِمَةُ: وَاللهِ لَئِنْ لَمْ يُنَجِّنِي فِي الْبَحْرِ إِلَّا الْإِخْلَاصُ لَا يُنَجِّينِي فِي الْبَرِّ غَيْرُهُ، اللهُمَّ إِنَّ لَكَ عَلَيَّ عَهْدًا، إِنْ أَنْتَ عَافَيْتَنِي مِمَّا أَنَا فِيهِ أَنْ آتِيَ مُحَمَّدًا حَتَّى أَضَعَ يَدِي فِي يَدِهِ، فَلَأَجِدَنَّهُ عَفُوًّا كَرِيمًا، قَالَ: فَجَاءَ فَأَسْلَمَ، وَأَمَّا عَبْدُ اللهِ بْنُ سَعْدِ بْنِ أَبِي سَرْحٍ فَإِنَّهُ اخْتَفَى عِنْدَ عُثْمَانَ بْنِ عَفَّانَ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ، ⦗٣٥٧⦘ فَلَمَّا دَعَا رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ النَّاسَ إِلَى الْبَيْعَةِ جَاءَ بِهِ حَتَّى أَوْقَفَهُ عَلَى النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فَقَالَ: يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ بَايِعْ عَبْدَ اللهِ، قَالَ: فَرَفَعَ رَأْسَهُ فَنَظَرَ إِلَيْهِ ثَلَاثًا، كُلُّ ذَلِكَ يَأْبَى، فَبَايَعَهُ بَعْدَ ثَلَاثٍ، ثُمَّ أَقْبَلَ عَلَى أَصْحَابِهِ فَقَالَ: " أَمَا كَانَ فِيكُمْ رَجُلٌ رَشِيدٌ يَقُومُ إِلَى هَذَا حِينَ رَآنِي كَفَفْتُ يَدِي عَنْ بَيْعَتِهِ فَيَقْتُلَهُ؟ " فَقَالُوا: مَا يُدْرِينَا يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ مَا فِي نَفْسِكَ، هَلَّا أَوْمَأْتَ إِلَيْنَا بِعَيْنِكَ؟ قَالَ: " إِنَّهُ لَا يَنْبَغِي لِنَبِيٍّ أَنْ يَكُونَ لَهُ خَائِنَةُ الْأَعْيُنِ ".
Sayyiduna Sa'd (may Allah be pleased with him) said: On the day of the Conquest of Makkah, the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) granted safety to everyone except four men and two women, and said about them: "Kill them, even if they are clinging to the curtains of the Ka'bah." The four were: Ikrimah bin Abi Jahl, Ibn Khatal, Miqyas bin Subabah and Abdullah bin Sa'd bin Abi Sarh. Of them, Ibn Khatal was found clinging to the curtains of the Ka'bah, so Sayyiduna Ammar bin Yasir and Sayyiduna Sa'id bin Zayd (may Allah be pleased with them both) raced towards him. Sayyiduna Sa'id (may Allah be pleased with him) was the younger of the two, so he got ahead of Sayyiduna Ammar (may Allah be pleased with him) and killed him. Miqyas bin Subabah was killed by the people in the marketplace. Sayyiduna Ikrimah (may Allah be pleased with him) set off on a sea voyage; when the boat began to sink, the people said: "Call upon Allah sincerely; your gods cannot save you." Sayyiduna Ikrimah (may Allah be pleased with him) said: "If they cannot save at sea, how will they save on land?" Then he prayed: "O Allah, I make a pledge to You: if You keep me safe, I will put my hand in the hand of the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him), and I will find him forgiving and generous." So he came and became a Muslim. As for Abdullah bin Sa'd bin Abi Sarh, he took refuge with Sayyiduna Uthman (may Allah be pleased with him), who brought him to the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) so that he would accept his pledge of allegiance. He raised his head and refused three times, then he accepted his pledge. Then he turned to his Companions and said: "Was there no man of sense among you? I held back from his pledge so that someone would kill him." They said: "O Messenger of Allah! How were we to know what was in your heart? You could have signalled with your eye." He (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Signalling with the eye does not befit any prophet."
