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Bayhaqi 16473 — s on the expiation for killing -- Chapter: Reports

أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ الْحَافِظُ، وَأَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ الْحَسَنِ الْقَاضِي، قَالَا: ثنا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ، ثنا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْجَبَّارِ، ثنا يُونُسُ بْنُ بُكَيْرٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ إِسْحَاقَ، حَدَّثَنِي عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ الْحَارِثِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللهِ بْنِ عَيَّاشٍ، قَالَ: قَالَ لِيَ الْقَاسِمُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ أَبِي بَكْرٍ: نَزَلَتْ هَذِهِ الْآيَةُ {وَمَا كَانَ لِمُؤْمِنٍ أَنْ يَقْتُلَ مُؤْمِنًا إِلَّا خَطَأً} فِي جَدِّكَ عَيَّاشِ بْنِ أَبِي رَبِيعَةَ، وَفِي الْحَارِثِ بْنِ زَيْدٍ أَخِي بَنِي مَعِيصٍ، كَانَ يُؤْذِيهِمْ بِمَكَّةَ وَهُوَ عَلَى شِرْكِهِ، فَلَمَّا هَاجَرَ أَصْحَابُ رَسُولِ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ إِلَى الْمَدِينَةِ أَسْلَمَ الْحَارِثُ وَلَمْ يَعْلَمُوا بِإِسْلَامِهِ، فَأَقْبَلَ مُهَاجِرًا حَتَّى إِذَا كَانَ بِظَاهِرَةِ بَنِي عَمْرِو بْنِ عَوْفٍ لَقِيَهُ عَيَّاشُ بْنُ أَبِي رَبِيعَةَ، وَلَا يَظُنُّ إِلَّا أَنَّهُ عَلَى شِرْكِهِ، فَعَلَاهُ بِالسَّيْفِ حَتَّى قَتَلَهُ، فَأَنْزَلَ اللهُ فِيهِ {وَمَا كَانَ لِمُؤْمِنٍ أَنْ يَقْتُلَ مُؤْمِنًا إِلَّا خَطَأً} إِلَى قَوْلِهِ: {فَإِنْ كَانَ مِنْ قَوْمٍ عَدُوٍّ لَكُمْ وَهُوَ مُؤْمِنٌ فَتَحْرِيرُ رَقَبَةٍ مُؤْمِنَةٍ} [النساء: ٩٢] يَقُولُ: تَحْرِيرُ رَقَبَةٍ مُؤْمِنَةٍ وَلَا يَرُدُّ الدِّيَةِ إِلَى أَهْلِ الشِّرْكِ عَلَى قُرَيْشٍ، {وَإِنْ كَانَ مِنْ قَوْمٍ بَيْنَكُمْ وَبَيْنَهُمْ مِيثَاقٌ} [النساء: ٩٢] يَقُولُ: مِنْ أَهْلِ الذِّمَّةِ {فَتَحْرِيرُ رَقَبَةٍ مُؤْمِنَةٍ وَدِيَةٌ مُسَلَّمَةٌ إِلَى أَهْلِهِ} [النساء: ٩٢].
Abdul Rahman bin al-Harith bin Abdullah bin Ayyash (may Allah have mercy on him) said: Al-Qasim bin Muhammad bin Abi Bakr (may Allah have mercy on him) told me that the verse "It is not for a believer to kill a believer except by mistake" [Surah al-Nisa: 92] was revealed concerning your grandfather Ayyash bin Abi Rabi'ah and al-Harith bin Zayd, the brother of Banu Ma'is (may Allah be pleased with them both). He used to harm them in Makkah while he was in the state of polytheism. When the Companions (may Allah be pleased with them) emigrated, al-Harith (may Allah be pleased with him) also became Muslim, but the Muslims did not know of his Islam. He emigrated towards Madinah, and he had only just reached Banu Amr bin Awf when Ayyash (may Allah be pleased with him) met him on the way. He thought him to be still a polytheist, took his sword and killed him. So Allah Almighty revealed this verse: Free a believing slave, and if his heirs are from a hostile people while he himself is a believer, do not give his blood money to them. And "if he was from a people between whom and you there is a covenant" [Surah al-Nisa: 92] means the people of protection (ahl al-dhimmah): then freeing a believing slave and blood money handed over to his family.
Hadith Reference السنن الكبرى للبيهقي / كتاب القسامة / 16473
Hadith Grading محدثین: ضعيف
Hadith Takhrij «ضعيف»