Toggle above to switch between keyword search and direct hadith lookup
السنن الكبرى للبيهقي
Sunan al-Kubra al-Bayhaqi
كتاب الجنايات
Book of Crimes
باب: الخيار في القصاص
Chapter: The choice in retaliation
Bayhaqi 16033 — The choice in retaliation
اُردوEn
وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ الْحَافِظُ، أنبأ أَبُو الْحَسَنِ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَبْدُوسٍ، وَأَبُو مُحَمَّدٍ الْكَعْبِيُّ، قَالَا: ثنا إِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ قُتَيْبَةَ، ثنا يَزِيدُ بْنُ صَالِحٍ، عَنْ ⦗٩٢⦘ بُكَيْرِ بْنِ مَعْرُوفٍ، عَنْ مُقَاتِلِ بْنِ حَيَّانَ، فِي قَوْلِهِ: {فَمَنْ عُفِيَ لَهُ مِنْ أَخِيهِ شَيْءٌ} [البقرة: ١٧٨]، يَقُولُ: إِذَا قَتَلَ رَجُلٌ بِعَمْدٍ، فَعَفَا عَنْهُ وَلِيُّ الْمَقْتُولِ، وَلَمْ يَقْتَصَّ مِنْهُ وَقَبِلَ الدِّيَةَ، فَاتِّبَاعٌ بِالْمَعْرُوفِ، يَقُولُ: لِيُحْسِنِ الطَّلَبَ، ثُمَّ رَجَعَ إِلَى الْمَطْلُوبِ فَقَالَ: {وَأَدَاءٌ إِلَيْهِ بِإِحْسَانٍ} [البقرة: ١٧٨]، يَقُولُ: لِيُؤَدِّ الْمَطْلُوبُ إِلَى الطَّالِبِ الدِّيَةَ بِإِحْسَانٍ، قَالَ: وَكَانَ كَتَبَ عَلَى أَهْلِ التَّوْرَاةِ، فَذَكَرَهُ بِنَحْوِهِ مِنْ رِوَايَةِ الشَّافِعِيِّ، وَقَالَ فِي قَوْلِهِ: {فَمَنِ اعْتَدَى بَعْدَ ذَلِكَ فَلَهُ عَذَابٌ أَلِيمٌ} [البقرة: ١٧٨]، يَقُولُ: مَنْ قَبِلَ الدِّيَةَ، ثُمَّ قَتَلَ فَلَهُ عَذَابٌ أَلِيمٌ يَقُولُ مُوجِعٌ: وَذَلِكَ أَنَّ الرَّجُلَ كَانَ إِذَا قُتِلَ حَمِيمٌ لَهُ تَوَارَى الْقَاتِلُ، فَيَقُولُ وَلِيُّ الْمَقْتُولِ: إِنِّي أَقْبَلُ الدِّيَةَ، فَيَقْبَلُهَا حَتَّى يَرْجِعَ الْقَاتِلُ، فَيَقْتُلَهُ وَلِيُّ الْمَقْتُولِ وَقَدْ قَبِلَ الدِّيَةَ قَبْلَ ذَلِكَ، وَكَانَ يَقُولُ: إِنَّمَا قَبِلْتُ الدِّيَةَ لِيَرْجِعَ الْقَاتِلُ فَأَقْتُلَهُ إِذَا ظَهَرَ، يَقُولُ اللهُ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ: {فَمَنِ اعْتَدَى} [البقرة: ١٧٨] وَقَتَلَ بَعْدَ أَخْذِهِ {فَلَهُ عَذَابٌ أَلِيمٌ} [البقرة: ١٧٨].
Muqatil bin Hayyan (may Allah have mercy on him) said concerning the saying of Allah Almighty "Then whoever is pardoned something by his brother" [Surah al-Baqarah: 178]: When someone kills another deliberately, and the guardian of the slain pardons him, does not take retaliation and accepts the diyah, then "let there be a following up in a fair manner" [Surah al-Baqarah: 178], meaning he should demand the diyah in a good way, and "payment to him with excellence" [Surah al-Baqarah: 178], meaning the diyah should be paid in a good way and with excellence. He said that for the people of the Torah only retaliation was obligatory. Then he narrated the previous hadith in full.
And he (Muqatil, may Allah have mercy on him) says in explaining "Whoever transgresses after that will have a painful punishment" [Surah al-Baqarah: 178]: Whoever takes the diyah and also kills, for him is this punishment. That is, if someone kills another and the killer speaks to the guardians of the slain and gets them to agree to diyah, and when he comes to pay the diyah the guardian of the slain kills him and says: "I accepted the diyah only so that he would come to me and I could kill him," then this is: "Whoever transgresses after that will have a painful punishment" [Surah al-Baqarah: 178], that is, after accepting the diyah.
And he (Muqatil, may Allah have mercy on him) says in explaining "Whoever transgresses after that will have a painful punishment" [Surah al-Baqarah: 178]: Whoever takes the diyah and also kills, for him is this punishment. That is, if someone kills another and the killer speaks to the guardians of the slain and gets them to agree to diyah, and when he comes to pay the diyah the guardian of the slain kills him and says: "I accepted the diyah only so that he would come to me and I could kill him," then this is: "Whoever transgresses after that will have a painful punishment" [Surah al-Baqarah: 178], that is, after accepting the diyah.
