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السنن الكبرى للبيهقي
Sunan al-Kubra al-Bayhaqi
كتاب الجنايات
Book of Crimes
باب: الخيار في القصاص
Chapter: The choice in retaliation
Bayhaqi 16032 — The choice in retaliation
اُردوEn
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو زَكَرِيَّا بْنُ أَبِي إِسْحَاقَ الْمُزَكِّي، ثنا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ، أنبأ الرَّبِيعُ بْنُ سُلَيْمَانَ، أنبأ الشَّافِعِيُّ، أنبأ مُعَاذُ بْنُ مُوسَى، عَنْ بُكَيْرِ بْنِ مَعْرُوفٍ، عَنْ مُقَاتِلِ بْنِ حَيَّانَ، قَالَ مُقَاتِلٌ: أَخَذْتُ هَذَا التَّفْسِيرَ عَنْ نَفَرٍ، حَفِظَ مُعَاذٌ مِنْهُمْ: مُجَاهِدًا، وَالْحَسَنَ وَالضَّحَّاكَ بْنَ مُزَاحِمٍ، فِي قَوْلِهِ: {فَمَنْ عُفِيَ لَهُ مِنْ أَخِيهِ شَيْءٌ فَاتِّبَاعٌ بِالْمَعْرُوفِ} [البقرة: ١٧٨] الْآيَةَ، قَالَ: كَانَ كُتِبَ عَلَى أَهْلِ التَّوْرَاةِ مَنْ قَتَلَ نَفْسًا بِغَيْرِ نَفْسٍ، حُقَّ أَنْ يُقَادَ بِهَا، وَلَا يُعْفَى عَنْهُ، وَلَا يُقْبَلَ مِنْهُ الدِّيَةُ، وَفُرِضَ عَلَى أَهْلِ الْإِنْجِيلِ أَنْ يُعْفَى عَنْهُ وَلَا يُقْتَلُ، وَرُخِّصَ لَأُمَّةِ مُحَمَّدٍ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ، إِنْ شَاءَ قَتَلَ، وَإِنْ شَاءَ أَخَذَ الدِّيَةَ، وَإِنْ شَاءَ عَفَا، فَذَلِكَ قَوْلُهُ: {ذَلِكَ تَخْفِيفٌ مِنْ رَبِّكُمْ وَرَحْمَةٌ} [البقرة: ١٧٨] يَقُولُ: الدِّيَةُ تَخْفِيفٌ مِنَ اللهِ؛ إِذْ جَعَلَ الدِّيَةَ، وَلَا يُقْتَلُ، ثُمَّ قَالَ: {فَمَنِ اعْتَدَى بَعْدَ ذَلِكَ فَلَهُ عَذَابٌ أَلِيمٌ} [البقرة: ١٧٨]، يَقُولُ: مَنْ قَتَلَ بَعْدَ أَخْذِ الدِّيَةِ فَلَهُ عَذَابٌ أَلِيمٌ، وَقَالَ فِي قَوْلِهِ: {وَلَكُمْ فِي الْقِصَاصِ حَيَاةٌ} [البقرة: ١٧٩]، يَقُولُ: لَكُمْ فِي الْقِصَاصِ حَيَاةٌ يَنْتَهِي بِهَا بَعْضُكُمْ عَنْ بَعْضٍ أَنْ يُصِيبَ مَخَافَةَ أَنْ يُقْتَلَ.
Muqatil bin Hayyan (may Allah have mercy on him) said: I took this tafsir from a group of people; of them, (the narrator) Mu'adh (bin Musa) remembered Mujahid, al-Hasan and al-Dahhak bin Muzahim (may Allah have mercy on them). Concerning the verse "Then whoever is pardoned something by his brother, let there be a following up in a fair manner" [Surah al-Baqarah: 178], they say: For the people of the Torah only retaliation was binding, with no pardon or diyah, and upon the people of the Injil it was made obligatory that the killer be pardoned and not killed. The Ummah of Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him) was given the concession that, if they wish, they may kill (in retaliation), if they wish, they may take diyah, and if they wish, they may pardon; and this is in the saying of Allah Almighty: "That is an alleviation from your Lord and a mercy." [Surah al-Baqarah: 178] Allah Almighty made diyah an alleviation, and after the diyah has been taken he (the killer) may not be killed. Then He said: "Whoever transgresses after that will have a painful punishment" [Surah al-Baqarah: 178], that is, whoever kills even after taking the diyah, for him is a painful punishment. And the saying of Allah Almighty: "And for you in retaliation there is life" [Surah al-Baqarah: 179] means that a person will not kill another out of fear, once he knows that he too will be killed in return.
