Toggle above to switch between keyword search and direct hadith lookup
السنن الكبرى للبيهقي
Sunan al-Kubra al-Bayhaqi
كتاب الجنايات
Book of Crimes
باب: بيان ضعف الخبر الذي روي في قتل المؤمن بالكافر، وما جاء عن الصحابة في ذلك
Chapter: The weakness of the report narrated on killing a believer for a disbeliever, and what is reported from the Companions on this
Bayhaqi 15921 — The weakness of the report narrated on killing
اُردوEn
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْحُسَيْنِ السُّلَمِيُّ، أَنْبَأَ أَبُو الْحَسَنِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ الْكَارِزِيُّ، ثنا عَلِيُّ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ، قَالَ: قَالَ أَبُو عُبَيْدٍ الْقَاسِمُ بْنُ سَلَّامٍ: سَمِعْتُ ابْنَ أَبِي يَحْيَى، يُحَدِّثُهُ، عَنِ ابْنِ الْمُنْكَدِرِ، وَسَمِعْتُ أَبَا يُوسُفَ، يُحَدِّثُهُ عَنْ رَبِيعَةَ الرَّأْيِ، كِلَاهُمَا عَنِ ابْنِ الْبَيْلَمَانِيِّ، ثُمَّ بَلَغَنِي عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي يَحْيَى، أَنَّهُ قَالَ: أَنَا حَدَّثْتُ رَبِيعَةَ بِهَذَا الْحَدِيثِ، فَإِنَّمَا دَارَ الْحَدِيثُ عَلَى ابْنِ أَبِي يَحْيَى عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ الْبَيْلَمَانِيِّ، أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ أَقَادَ مُسْلِمًا بِمُعَاهِدٍ، وَقَالَ: " أَنَا أَحَقُّ مَنْ وَفَى بِذِمَّتِهِ ". قَالَ أَبُو عُبَيْدٍ: وَهَذَا حَدِيثٌ لَيْسَ بِمُسْنَدٍ، وَلَا يُجْعَلُ مِثْلُهُ أمِا مَّا يُسْفَكُ بِهِ دِمَاءُ الْمُسْلِمِينَ. قَالَ أَبُو عُبَيْدٍ: وَقَدْ أَخْبَرَنِي عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ مَهْدِيٍّ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الْوَاحِدِ بْنِ زِيَادٍ قَالَ: قُلْتُ لِزُفَرَ: إِنَّكُمْ تَقُولُونَ: إِنَّا نَدْرَأُ الْحَدَّ بِالشُّبُهَاتِ، وَإِنَّكُمْ جِئْتُمْ إِلَى أَعْظَمِ الشُّبُهَاتِ فَأَقْدَمْتُمْ عَلَيْهَا. قَالَ: وَمَا هُوَ؟ قَالَ: قُلْتُ: الْمُسْلِمُ يُقْتَلُ بِالْكَافِرِ. قَالَ: فَاشْهَدْ أَنْتَ عَلَى رُجُوعِي عَنْ هَذَا. قَالَ: وَكَذَلِكَ قَوْلُ أَهْلِ الْحِجَازِ، لَا يُقِيدُونَهُ بِهِ، وَأَمَّا قَوْلُهُ: " وَلَا ذُو عَهْدٍ فِي عَهْدِهِ " فَإِنَّ ذَا الْعَهْدِ الرَّجُلُ مِنْ أَهْلِ دَارِ الْحَرْبِ يَدْخُلُ إِلَيْنَا بِأَمَانٍ فَقَتْلُهُ مُحَرَّمٌ عَلَى الْمُسْلِمِينَ حَتَّى يَرْجِعَ إِلَى مَأْمَنِهِ. وَأَصْلُ هَذَا مِنْ قَوْلِهِ: {وَإِنْ أَحَدٌ مِنَ الْمُشْرِكِينَ اسْتَجَارَكَ فَأَجِرْهُ حَتَّى يَسْمَعَ كَلَامَ اللهِ، ثُمَّ أَبْلِغْهُ مَأْمَنَهُ} [التوبة: ٦].
Ibn al-Baylamani (may Allah have mercy on him) narrates that the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) killed a Muslim in return for a dhimmi and said: "I have the greatest right to fulfil my covenant of protection."
Abu Ubayd (may Allah have mercy on him) said: Then it reached me that Ibn Abi Yahya said: It was I who narrated this hadith to Rabi'ah; so the hadith revolves only around Ibn Abi Yahya. This hadith is not musnad, and a narration like it should not be made an authority on the basis of which the blood of Muslims is shed. Abu Ubayd (may Allah have mercy on him) said: Abd al-Rahman bin Mahdi (may Allah have mercy on him) told me, through Abd al-Wahid bin Ziyad (may Allah have mercy on him), that he said: I said to Zufar (may Allah have mercy on him): You say that we avert the hadd punishments because of doubts, yet you yourselves bring the greatest doubt. He said: What is that? I said: That a Muslim is to be killed in return for a disbeliever. Imam Zufar (may Allah have mercy on him) said: Be my witness that I retract this. Abu Ubayd (may Allah have mercy on him) said: This is also the position of the people of the Hijaz, that a Muslim is not to be killed (for him). As for his saying, "nor one who has a covenant during his covenant": when a person from Dar al-Harb comes to the Muslims, he too is not to be killed until he returns, because Allah Almighty says: "And if any one of the polytheists seeks your protection, then grant him protection so that he may hear the word of Allah, then convey him to his place of safety." [Surah al-Tawbah: 6]
Abu Ubayd (may Allah have mercy on him) said: Then it reached me that Ibn Abi Yahya said: It was I who narrated this hadith to Rabi'ah; so the hadith revolves only around Ibn Abi Yahya. This hadith is not musnad, and a narration like it should not be made an authority on the basis of which the blood of Muslims is shed. Abu Ubayd (may Allah have mercy on him) said: Abd al-Rahman bin Mahdi (may Allah have mercy on him) told me, through Abd al-Wahid bin Ziyad (may Allah have mercy on him), that he said: I said to Zufar (may Allah have mercy on him): You say that we avert the hadd punishments because of doubts, yet you yourselves bring the greatest doubt. He said: What is that? I said: That a Muslim is to be killed in return for a disbeliever. Imam Zufar (may Allah have mercy on him) said: Be my witness that I retract this. Abu Ubayd (may Allah have mercy on him) said: This is also the position of the people of the Hijaz, that a Muslim is not to be killed (for him). As for his saying, "nor one who has a covenant during his covenant": when a person from Dar al-Harb comes to the Muslims, he too is not to be killed until he returns, because Allah Almighty says: "And if any one of the polytheists seeks your protection, then grant him protection so that he may hear the word of Allah, then convey him to his place of safety." [Surah al-Tawbah: 6]
