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السنن الكبرى للبيهقي
Sunan al-Kubra al-Bayhaqi
كتاب الصداق
Book of the Dowry
باب: أحد الزوجين يموت ولم يفرض لها صداقا ولم يدخل بها
Chapter: One of the spouses dies before a dowry was fixed for her and before consummation
Bayhaqi 14416 — One of the spouses dies before a dowry was fixed
اُردوEn
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ الْحَافِظُ، أنبأ أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَلِيٍّ الشَّيْبَانِيُّ بِالْكُوفَةِ ثنا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ حَازِمِ بْنِ أَبِي غَرَزَةَ، ثنا إِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ الْخَلِيلِ، ثنا عَلِيُّ بْنُ مُسْهِرٍ، ثنا دَاوُدُ بْنُ أَبِي هِنْدٍ، عَنِ الشَّعْبِيِّ، عَنْ عَلْقَمَةَ بْنِ قَيْسٍ، أَنَّ قَوْمًا أَتَوْا عَبْدَ اللهِ بْنَ مَسْعُودٍ فَقَالُوا لَهُ: إِنَّ رَجُلًا مِنَّا تَزَوَّجَ امْرَأَةً وَلَمْ يَفْرِضْ لَهَا صَدَاقًا وَلَمْ يَجْمَعْهَا إِلَيْهِ حَتَّى مَاتَ، فَقَالَ لَهُمْ عَبْدُ اللهِ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ " مَا سُئِلْتُ عَنْ شَيْءٍ مُنْذُ فَارَقْتُ رَسُولَ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ أَشَدَّ عَلَيَّ مِنْ هَذِهِ فَأْتُوا غَيْرِي قَالَ: قَالَ: فَاخْتَلَفُوا إِلَيْهِ فِيهَا شَهْرًا ثُمَّ قَالُوا لَهُ فِي آخِرِ ذَلِكَ: مَنْ يَسْأَلُ إِذَا لَمْ يَسْأَلْكَ وَأَنْتَ ⦗٤٠١⦘ أُخَيَّةُ أَصْحَابِ مُحَمَّدٍ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فِي هَذَا الْبَلَدِ وَلَا نَجِدُ غَيْرَكَ فَقَالَ سَأَقُولُ فِيهَا بِجَهْدِ رَأْيِي فَإِنْ كَانَ صَوَابًا فَمِنَ اللهِ وَحْدَهُ لَا شَرِيكَ لَهُ، وَإِنْ كَانَ خَطَأً فَمِنِّي وَاللهُ وَرَسُولُهُ مِنْهُ بَرِيءٌ أَرَى أَنْ " أَجْعَلَ لَهَا صَدَاقًا كَصَدَاقِ نِسَائِهَا وَلَا وَكْسَ وَلَا شَطَطَ وَلَهَا الْمِيرَاثُ وعليها الْعِدَّةُ أَرْبَعَةَ أَشْهُرٍ وَعَشْرًا " قَالَ: وَذَلِكَ يَسْمَعُ ناسٌ مِنْ أَشْجَعَ فَقَامُوا فَقَالُوا: نَشْهَدُ أَنَّكَ قَضَيْتَ بِمِثْلِ الَّذِي قَضَى بِهِ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فِي امْرَأَةٍ مِنَّا يُقَالُ لَهَا بِرْوَعُ بِنْتُ وَاشِقٍ قَالَ: فَمَا رُئِيَ عَبْدُ اللهِ فَرِحَ يَوْمَئِذٍ لِشَيْءٍ مَا فَرِحَ إِلَّا بِإِسْلَامِهِ ثُمَّ قَالَ: اللهُمَّ إِنْ كَانَ صَوَابًا فَمِنْكَ وَحْدَكَ لَا شَرِيكَ لَكَ وَإِنْ كَانَ خَطَأً فَمِنِّي وَمِنَ الشَّيْطَانِ، وَاللهُ وَرَسُولُهُ مِنْهُ بَرِيءٌ وَرَوَاهُ إِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ أَبِي خَالِدٍ عَنِ الشَّعْبِيِّ عَنْ عَبْدِ اللهِ بْنِ مَسْعُودٍ فَقَالَ فِيهِ فَقَامَ مَعْقِلُ بْنُ سِنَانٍ الْأَشْجَعِيُّ وَرَوَاهُ ابْنُ عَوْنٍ عَنِ الشَّعْبِيِّ عَنْ رَجُلٍ عَنِ ابْنِ مَسْعُودٍ وَقَالَ فِيهِ فَقَالَ الْأَشْجَعِيُّ.
Alqamah bin Qays (may Allah have mercy on him) says: Some people came to Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Mas'ud (may Allah be pleased with him) and said to him: A man from among us married, but did not consummate the marriage with his wife nor fix a dowry for her, and he died. Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Mas'ud (may Allah be pleased with him) said: Since I parted from the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him), I have never been faced with a question as hard as this one. Go to someone else. They kept coming back to him about it for a month, and at last they said to Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Mas'ud (may Allah be pleased with him): If we do not ask you, whom should we ask? In this town you alone are a Companion of the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him); there is no one else. He said: Then I will speak by my own opinion. If it is correct, it is from Allah, and if it is wrong, it is from me, and Allah and His Messenger (peace and blessings be upon him) are free of it. My view is that she has a dowry like the dowry of the women of her family, with no reduction and no excess; she has inheritance, and she must observe a waiting period (iddah) of four months and ten days. People of the tribe of Ashja' were also hearing this ruling, and they said: We bear witness that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) gave a judgement like yours concerning a woman of ours, Birwa' bint Washiq (may Allah be pleased with her). Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Mas'ud (may Allah be pleased with him) had never experienced such great joy, except at his embracing Islam. Then he said: O Allah! If this is correct, it is from You alone, and if it is wrong, it is from me and from Satan, and Allah and His Messenger (peace and blessings be upon him) are free of it.
